CompTIA Network+ Certification

All-in-One Exam Guide (Exam N10-008),

8th Edition Mike Meyers
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To my parents, Drs. Kenneth and Eileen Reamy.
Thank you for gifting the love of words.
 ABOUT THE SERIES EDITOR

Michael Meyers is the industry’s leading authority on CompTIA

Network+ certification. He is the president and founder of Total
Seminars, LLC, a member of CompTIA, and a major provider of IT
fundamentals, PC and network repair, and computer security training
and training materials for thousands of organizations throughout the
world.
Mike has written numerous popular textbooks, including the best-
selling Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting PCs, Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+™ Guide to
Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, and Mike Meyers’
CompTIA Security+™ Certification Guide.
Mike has attained numerous industry certifications, including
CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+, CompTIA Security+, CompTIA
Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+), and Microsoft Certified Professional.

About the Author

Scott Jernigan wields a mighty red pen as Editor in Chief for Total
Seminars. With a Master of Arts degree in Medieval History, Scott
feels as much at home in the musty archives of London as he does
in the crisp IPS glow of Total Seminars’ Houston HQ. After fleeing a
purely academic life, he dove headfirst into IT, working as an
instructor, editor, and writer.
Scott has written, edited, and contributed to dozens of books on
computer literacy, hardware, operating systems, networking,
security, and certification, including Computer Literacy—Your Ticket
to IC3 Certification, and co-authoring with Mike Meyers the Comp-
TIA IT Fundamentals+™ All-in-One Exam Guide and Mike Meyers’
CompTIA Security+™ Certification Guide.
Scott has taught computer classes all over the United States,
including stints at the United Nations in New York and the FBI
Academy in Quantico. Practicing what he preaches, Scott is a
CompTIA ITF+, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+, and CompTIA
Security+ certified technician, a Microsoft Certified Professional, a
Microsoft Office User Specialist, and Certiport Internet and
Computing Core Certified.

About the Technical Editor

Jonathan S. Weissman is a senior lecturer (Department of
Computing Security) at Rochester Institute of Technology, where he
was awarded the RIT Outstanding Teaching Award in 2014, the RIT
GCCIS Outstanding Educator Award in 2018, and the RIT
Distinguished Teacher Recognition Program Honors in 2019.
Jonathan teaches three courses that he developed for the edX RITx
Cybersecurity MicroMasters program to more than 300,000 students
worldwide.
Jonathan is also a tenured associate professor and the Networking
and Cybersecurity program coordinator (Department of Computing
Sciences) at Finger Lakes Community College, where he was
awarded the State University of New York Chancellor’s Award for
Excellence in Teaching in 2021. Jonathan has a master’s degree in
Computer Science from Brooklyn College and holds 44 industry
certifications, including CCNP Enterprise, Cisco Certified Specialist –
Enterprise Core, Cisco Certified Specialist – Enterprise Advanced
Infrastructure Implementation, CCNA Security, CCNA, CompTIA
Security+, CompTIA Network+, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Linux+,
CompTIA Server+, EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker™, EC-Council
Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator™, and IPv6 Forum Certified
Network Engineer (Gold), among many others.
Jonathan is the coauthor of Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+™
Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks Lab Manual (fifth
and sixth editions) and Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+™
Certification Passport (sixth and seventh editions). He also serves as
technical editor for many industry textbooks.
Follow Jonathan on LinkedIn at www.linkedin.com/in/jonathan-s-
weissman-058b649b, Twitter at https://twitter.com/CSCPROF, and
Instagram at www.instagram.com/cscprof. Subscribe to his YouTube
channel at https://youtube.com/weissman52.
 CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

Chapter 1 Network Models

Chapter 2 Cabling and Topology
Chapter 3 Ethernet Basics
Chapter 4 Ethernet Standards
Chapter 5 Installing a Physical Network
Chapter 6 TCP/IP Basics
Chapter 7 Routing
Chapter 8 TCP/IP Applications
Chapter 9 Network Naming
Chapter 10 Securing TCP/IP
Chapter 11 Switch Features
Chapter 12 IPv6
Chapter 13 WAN Connectivity
Chapter 14 Wireless Networking
Chapter 15 Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Chapter 16 Data Centers
Chapter 17 Integrating Network Devices
Chapter 18 Network Operations
Chapter 19 Protecting Your Network
Chapter 20 Network Monitoring
Chapter 21 Network Troubleshooting
Appendix A Exam Objective Map
Appendix B Create Your Study Plan
Appendix C About the Online Content

Glossary

Index
 CONTENTS

Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 Network Models
Historical/Conceptual
Working with Models
Biography of a Model
Network Models
The OSI Seven-Layer Model on a Simple Network
Welcome to MHTechEd!
Test Specific
Let’s Get Physical—Network Hardware and
Layers 1–2
Beyond the Single Wire—Network Software and
Layers 3–7
The OSI Seven-Layer Model and Remote Work
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 2 Cabling and Topology
Test Specific
Network Topologies
Bus and Ring
Star
Hybrid
 Mesh
Parameters of a Topology
Cabling and Connectors
Copper Cabling and Connectors
Fiber-Optic Cabling and Connectors
Fire Ratings
Networking Industry Standards—IEEE
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 3 Ethernet Basics
Historical/Conceptual
Ethernet
802.3 Standards
Test Specific
Ethernet Frames
Early Ethernet Standards
Bus Ethernet
10BASE-T
10BASE-FL
CSMA/CD
Enhancing and Extending Ethernet Networks
The Trouble with Hubs
Switches to the Rescue
Connecting Ethernet Segments
Troubleshooting Switches
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 4 Ethernet Standards
Test Specific
 100-Megabit Ethernet
100BASE-T
100BASE-FX
100BASE-SX
Full-Duplex Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
1000BASE-SX
1000BASE-LX
SFF Fiber Connectors
Mechanical Connection Variations
Implementing Multiple Types of Gigabit
Ethernet
Ethernet Evolutions
10 Gigabit Ethernet
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 5 Installing a Physical Network
Historical/Conceptual
Understanding Structured Cabling
Cable Basics—A Star Is Born
Test Specific
Structured Cable—Network Components
Structured Cable—Beyond the Star
Installing Structured Cabling
Getting a Floor Plan
Mapping the Runs
Determining the Location of the
Telecommunications Room
Pulling Cable
Making Connections
Testing the Cable Runs
 NICs
Buying NICs
Link Lights
Diagnostics and Repair of Physical Cabling
Diagnosing Physical Problems
Check Your Lights
Check the NIC
Cable Testing
Problems in the Telecommunications Room
Toners
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 6 TCP/IP Basics
Historical/Conceptual
Test Specific
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Network Layer Protocols
Transport Layer Protocols
Application Layer Protocols
IP and Ethernet
IP Addresses
IP Addresses in Action
Class IDs
CIDR and Subnetting
Subnetting
CIDR: Key Takeaways
IP Address Assignment
Static IP Addressing
Dynamic IP Addressing
Special IP Addresses
Chapter Review
 Questions
Answers
Chapter 7 Routing
Historical/Conceptual
How Routers Work
Test Specific
Routing Tables
Freedom from Layer 2
Network Address Translation
Dynamic Routing
Routing Metrics
Distance Vector and Path Vector
Link State
EIGRP
Dynamic Routing Makes the Internet
Route Redistribution and Administrative
Distance
Working with Routers
Connecting to Routers
Basic Router Configuration
Router Problems
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 8 TCP/IP Applications
Historical/Conceptual
Transport Layer and Network Layer Protocols
How People Communicate
Test Specific
TCP
UDP
 ICMP
IGMP
The Power of Port Numbers
Registered Ports
Connection Status
Rules for Determining Good vs. Bad
Communications
Common TCP/IP Applications
Telnet and SSH
E-mail
SQL
FTP
HTTP and HTTPS
TCP/IP Applications Chart
Beyond Network+
Other Layer 7 Applications
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 9 Network Naming
Historical/Conceptual
Before DNS
NetBIOS
hosts
Test Specific
DNS
How DNS Works
Administering DNS Servers
Troubleshooting DNS on Clients
Diagnosing TCP/IP Network Issues
Chapter Review
Questions
 Answers
Chapter 10 Securing TCP/IP
Historical/Conceptual
Making TCP/IP Secure
Encryption
Integrity
Nonrepudiation
Test Specific
Authentication
Authorization
TCP/IP Security Standards
User Authentication Standards
Encryption Standards
Combining Authentication and Encryption
Secure TCP/IP Applications
HTTPS
Securing E-Mail Protocols
SCP
SFTP
SNMP
LDAP
NTP
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 11 Switch Features
Test Specific
Switch Management
Access Management
Port Configuration
Port Security
 Virtual LANs
Trunking
Configuring a VLAN-Capable Switch
Assigning VLANs and Tagging
VLAN Trunking Protocol
Inter-VLAN Routing
DHCP and VLANs
Voice VLANs
Private VLANs
Troubleshooting VLANs
Multilayer Switches
Load Balancing
QoS and Traffic Shaping
Port Bonding
Network Protection
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 12 IPv6
Test Specific
IPv6 Concepts
IPv6 Addresses
Neighbor Discovery
IPv6 Implementations
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
Aggregation
IPv6 and DNS
Moving to IPv6
IPv4 and IPv6
Transition Mechanisms
Chapter Review
Questions
 Answers
Chapter 13 WAN Connectivity
Historical/Conceptual
WAN Technologies
SONET
Test Specific
Fiber Improvements
Private WANs
Last-Mile Technologies
DSL
Broadband Cable
Satellite
Fiber
Cellular WAN
Which Connection?
Remote Access
Remote Terminal
Virtual Private Networks
WAN Troubleshooting Scenarios
Loss of Internet Connectivity
Interface Errors
DNS Issues
Interference
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 14 Wireless Networking
Historical/Conceptual
Test Specific
Wi-Fi Standards
802.11
 802.11b
802.11a
802.11g
802.11n
802.11ac
802.11ax
WPS
Wi-Fi Security
Enterprise Wireless
Implementing Wi-Fi
Performing a Site Survey
Installing the Client
Setting Up an Ad Hoc Network
Setting Up an Infrastructure Network
Extending the Network
Verifying the Installation
Troubleshooting Wi-Fi
No Connection
Slow Connection
Weird Connection
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 15 Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Test Specific
Virtualization and Cloud Computing Concepts
Virtualization
Cloud Computing
Infrastructure as Code
Virtual Networking
Putting Network Virtualization and Cloud Computing
to Work
 Setting Up Rocket.Chat in a Local Hypervisor
Managing Cloud Resources
Setting Up Rocket.Chat on IaaS
Desktop as a Service
Interconnecting Local and Cloud Resources
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 16 Data Centers
Test Specific
Classic Data Center Architecture and Design
Tiers
Traffic Flows
Data Storage
Where Is the Classic Data Center?
The Modern Data Center
Virtualization
Software-Defined Networking
Spine and Leaf
High Availability in the Data Center
Load Balancing
Redundancy
Facilities and Infrastructure Support
Documenting the Data Center
Network Diagrams
Baseline Configurations
Assessments
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 17 Integrating Network Devices
Test Specific
Internet of Things
IoT Home Automation
IoT Home Security
IoT Communications Technologies
Hardening IoT Devices
Unified Communication
It Started with VoIP
Unified Communication Features
VTC and Medianets
UCaaS
ICS
DCS
PLC
SCADA
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 18 Network Operations
Test Specific
Risk Management
Hardening and Security Policies
Change Management
Patching and Updates
Training
Common Agreements
Security Preparedness
Contingency Planning
Incident Response
Disaster Recovery
Business Continuity
Forensics
 Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 19 Protecting Your Network
Test Specific
Security Concepts
CIA
Zero Trust
Defense in Depth
Separation of Duties
Network Threats
Threat Terminology
Spoofing
Packet/Protocol Abuse
Zero-Day Attacks
Rogue Devices
ARP Cache Poisoning
Denial of Service
On-Path Attack
Session Hijacking
Password Attacks
Physical/Local Access
Malware
Social Engineering
Common Vulnerabilities
Unnecessary Running Services
Unpatched/Legacy Systems
Unencrypted Channels
Cleartext Credentials
RF Emanation
Hardening Your Network
Physical Security
 Network Security
Device Hardening
Host Security
Firewalls
Types of Firewalls
Implementing and Configuring Firewalls
Troubleshooting Firewalls
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 20 Network Monitoring
Test Specific
SNMP
Monitoring Tools
Packet Sniffers
Protocol Analyzers
Sensors
Interface Monitors
Performance Monitors
Putting It All Together
Scenario: Monitoring and Managing
SIEM
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Chapter 21 Network Troubleshooting
Test Specific
Troubleshooting Tools
Hardware Tools
Software Tools
The Troubleshooting Process
 Identify the Problem
Establish a Theory of Probable Cause
Test the Theory to Determine the Cause
Establish a Plan of Action and Identify Potential
Effects
Implement the Solution or Escalate as
Necessary
Verify Full System Functionality and Implement
Preventive Measures
Document Findings, Actions, Outcomes, and
Lessons Learned
Resolving Common Network Service Issues
“We Can’t Access Our Web Server in Istanbul!”
Network Troubleshooting Considerations
Hands-On Problems
Nearby Problems
Far-flung Problems
Network Performance Issues
Troubleshooting Is Fun!
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Appendix A Exam Objective Map
Exam N10-008
Appendix B Create Your Study Plan
Review Your Overall Score
Review Your Score by CompTIA Network+ Exam
Domain
Appendix C About the Online Content
System Requirements
Your Total Seminars Training Hub Account
Privacy Notice
 Single User License Terms and Conditions
TotalTester Online
Pre-Assessment
Create Your Study Plan
Playing the CompTIA Network+ Introduction Video
Mike’s CompTIA Network+ Video Training Sample
TotalSims Sample for CompTIA Network+
Mike’s Cool Tools
Technical Support

Glossary

Index
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I’d like to acknowledge the many people who contributed their

talents to make this book possible:
To Tim Green, my acquisitions editor at McGraw Hill: Your
encouragement and support during our pandemic edition kept the
sanity in place. Love working with you!
To my Series Editor, Mike Meyers: I couldn’t have done it
without you, amigo. Truthfully, has there ever been a better combo
than a wizard and a paladin?
To Jonathan S. Weissman, technical editor: Great fun working
with you on another book. Thanks for keeping me on my toes and
technically on point!
To Bill McManus, copy editor: I would say that “people say”
you’re the best in the business, but that people is me. Love working
with you!
To Travis Everett, writer and editor: Hand in glove on this one,
Travis. Love your words and the meticulous attention to nuances
that I missed. Great working with you and look forward to more.
Qatar next winter?
To Michael Smyer, technologist and photographer: Enjoyed
the process on this book, my friend. Yes, even the arguments,
because they made the final product much better than anything I
could have done on my own.
To Dave Rush, senior instructor and top researcher: Thank
you for everything you contributed to this book, from research to
sounding board to more research . . . . No idea how you can know
so much about so much, but I’m very happy you’re on my team!
To Andrew Hutz, security specialist and wordsmith: Awesome
having you on board for this project! Great writing and editing! I
look forward to many more with you.
To Dudley Lehmer, CEO of Total Seminars: Thanks for keeping
the ship afloat while I got to play on this book! You are awesome.
To Emily Walters, acquisitions coordinator at McGraw Hill:
What a joy to share this project with you! Thanks for keeping us
moving and filling in pieces. Good luck with that epic cat and…surf’s
up!
To Rachel Fogelberg, project editor: So fun to work with you! (I
hope I didn’t add any gray hair with my chronic lateness.) Let’s do
another one soon.
To Janet Walden, editorial supervisor: Thanks for jumping in
and donning several hats during vacations and the like. Always enjoy
working with you!
To Paul Tyler, proofreader: You picked up some great stuff,
amigo. This was a new process for us where we got to see your
edits and suggestions before we did our own proof. Wow! Thank
you.
To the KGL compositors and illustrators: The layout was
excellent, thanks! And thanks for pushing through at crunch time,
too.
 INTRODUCTION

By picking up this book, you’ve shown an interest in learning about

networking. But be forewarned. The term networking describes a
vast field of study, far too large for any single certification, book, or
training course to cover. Do you want to configure routers and
switches for a living? Do you want to administer a large Windows
network at a company? Do you want to install wide area network
connections? Do you want to set up Web servers? Do you want to
secure networks against attacks?
If you’re considering a CompTIA Network+ certification, you
probably don’t yet know exactly what aspect of networking you want
to pursue, and that’s okay! You’re going to love preparing for the
CompTIA Network+ certification.
Attaining CompTIA Network+ certification provides you with four
fantastic benefits. First, you get a superb overview of networking
that helps you decide what part of the industry you’d like to pursue.
Second, it acts as a prerequisite toward other, more advanced
certifications. Third, the amount of eye-opening information you’ll
gain just makes getting CompTIA Network+ certified plain old fun.
Finally, you’ll significantly enhance your opportunity to get a job.
Everything is networked today, putting network techs in demand.
Nothing comes close to providing a better overview of networking
than CompTIA Network+. The certification covers local area
networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet (the
world’s largest WAN), security, cabling, and applications in a wide-
but-not-too-deep fashion that showcases the many different parts of
a network and hopefully tempts you to investigate the aspects that
intrigue you by looking into follow-up certifications.
The process of attaining CompTIA Network+ certification will give
you a solid foundation in the whole field of networking. Mastering
the competencies will help fill in gaps in your knowledge and provide
an ongoing series of “a-ha!” moments of grasping the big picture
that make being a tech so much fun.
Ready to learn a lot, grab a great certification, and have fun doing
it? Then welcome to CompTIA Network+ certification!

Who Needs CompTIA Network+? I

Just Want to Learn about Networks!
Whoa there, amigo! Are you one of those folks who either has never
heard of the CompTIA Network+ exam or just doesn’t have any real
interest in certification? Is your goal only to get a solid handle on
networks and a jump start on the basics? Are you looking for that
“magic bullet” book that you can read from beginning to end and
then start installing and troubleshooting a network? Do you want to
know what’s involved with running network cabling in your walls or
getting your new wireless network working? Are you tired of not
knowing enough about TCP/IP and how it works? If these types of
questions are running through your mind, then rest easy—you have
the right book. Like every book with the Mike Meyers name, you’ll
get solid concepts without pedantic details or broad, meaningless
overviews. You’ll look at real-world networking as performed by real
techs. This is a book that understands your needs and goes well
beyond the scope of a single certification.
If the CompTIA Network+ exam isn’t for you, you can skip the rest
of this introduction, shift your brain into learn mode, and dive into
Chapter 1. But then, if you’re going to have the knowledge, why not
get the certification?

What Is CompTIA Network+

Certification?
CompTIA Network+ certification is an industry-wide, vendor-neutral
certification program developed and sponsored by the Computing
Technology Industry Association (CompTIA). The CompTIA
Network+ certification shows that you have a basic competency in
the physical support of networking systems and knowledge of the
conceptual aspects of networking. To date, many hundreds of
thousands of technicians have become CompTIA Network+ certified.
CompTIA Network+ certification enjoys wide recognition throughout
the IT industry. It is considered the obvious next step after CompTIA
A+ certification. (CompTIA A+ is the certification for PC technicians.)

What Is CompTIA?
CompTIA is a nonprofit, industry trade association based in
Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, on the outskirts of Chicago. Tens of
thousands of computer resellers, value-added resellers, distributors,
manufacturers, and training companies from all over the world are
members of CompTIA.
CompTIA was founded in 1982. The following year, CompTIA began
offering the CompTIA A+ certification exam. CompTIA A+
certification is now widely recognized as the de facto requirement for
entrance into the PC industry. Because the CompTIA A+ exam
initially covered networking only lightly, CompTIA decided to
establish a vendor-neutral test covering basic networking skills. So,
in April 1999, CompTIA unveiled the CompTIA Network+ certification
exam.
CompTIA provides certifications for a variety of areas in the
computer industry, offers opportunities for its members to interact,
and represents its members’ interests to government bodies.
CompTIA certifications include CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+,
and CompTIA Security+, to name a few. Check out the CompTIA
Web site at www.comptia.org for details on other certifications.
CompTIA is huge. Virtually every company of consequence in the IT
industry is a member of CompTIA: Microsoft, Dell, Cisco… Name an
IT company and it’s probably a member of CompTIA.
The Current CompTIA Network+ Certification
Exam Release
CompTIA constantly works to provide exams that cover the latest
technologies and, as part of that effort, periodically updates its
certification objectives, domains, and exam questions. This book
covers all you need to know to pass the N10-008 CompTIA
Network+ exam released in 2021.

How Do I Become CompTIA Network+

Certified?
To become CompTIA Network+ certified, you simply pass one
computer-based exam. There are no prerequisites for taking the
CompTIA Network+ exam, and no networking experience is needed.
You’re not required to take a training course or buy any training
materials. The only requirements are that you pay a testing fee to an
authorized testing facility and then sit for the exam. Upon
completion of the exam, you will immediately know whether you
passed or failed.
Once you pass, you become CompTIA Network+ certified for three
years. After three years, you’ll need to renew your certification by
taking the current exam or completing approved Continuing
Education activities. By completing these activities, you earn credits
that (along with an annual fee) allow you to keep your CompTIA
Network+ certification. For a full list of approved activities, check out
CompTIA’s Web site (www.comptia.org) and search for CompTIA
Continuing Education Program.

NOTE The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has

accredited the CompTIA Network+ certification as compliant with
the ISO/IEC 17024 standard. That makes it special.
Now for the details: CompTIA recommends that you have at least
nine to twelve months of networking experience and CompTIA A+
knowledge, but this is not a requirement. Note the word
“recommends.” You may not need experience or CompTIA A+
knowledge, but each helps! The CompTIA A+ certification
competencies have a degree of overlap with the CompTIA Network+
competencies, such as types of connectors and how networks work.
As for experience, keep in mind that CompTIA Network+ is mostly a
practical exam. Those who have been out there supporting real
networks will find many of the questions reminiscent of the types of
problems they have seen on LANs. The bottom line is that you’ll
probably have a much easier time on the CompTIA Network+ exam
if you have some CompTIA A+ experience under your belt.

What Is the Exam Like?

The CompTIA Network+ exam contains a maximum of 90 questions,
and you have 90 minutes to complete the exam. To pass, you must
score at least 720 on a scale of 100–900, at the time of this writing.
Check the CompTIA Web site when you get close to testing to
determine the current scale:
www.comptia.org/certifications/network.
CompTIA uses two types of questions: multiple-choice and
performance-based. Multiple-choice questions offer four or five
answer options; you select the correct answer and proceed to the
next question. The majority of the questions follow this format.
Performance-based questions require you to do something. You
might need to arrange a wireless access point in an office for
maximum coverage, for example, or properly align the colored wires
on a network connector. You need to have appropriate command-
line skills to respond at a command prompt. These are all things that
good network techs should be able to do without blinking. I’ll cover
all the topics in the book, and you’ll get practical experience as well
in the various extra design elements and labs.
The exam questions are divided into five areas that CompTIA calls
domains. This table lists the CompTIA Network+ domains and the
percentage of the exam that each represents.

The CompTIA Network+ exam is extremely practical. Questions

often present real-life scenarios and ask you to determine the best
solution. The CompTIA Network+ exam loves troubleshooting. Let
me repeat: many of the test objectives deal with direct, real-world
troubleshooting. Be prepared to troubleshoot both hardware and
software failures and to answer both “What do you do next?” and
“What is most likely the problem?” types of questions.
A qualified CompTIA Network+ certification candidate can install and
configure a PC to connect to a network. This includes installing and
testing a network card, configuring drivers, and loading all network
software. The exam will test you on the different topologies,
standards, and cabling.
Expect conceptual questions about the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model. You need to know the
functions and protocols for each layer to pass the CompTIA
Network+ exam. You can also expect questions on most of the
protocol suites, with heavy emphasis on the TCP/IP suite. If you’ve
never heard of the OSI seven-layer model, don’t worry! This book
will teach you all you need to know.
 NOTE CompTIA occasionally makes changes to the content of the
exam, as well as the score necessary to pass it. Always check the
Web site of my company, Total Seminars (www.totalsem.com),
before scheduling your exam.

How Do I Take the Test?

To take the test, you may go to an authorized testing center or take
it over the Internet. Pearson VUE administers the actual CompTIA
Network+ exam. You’ll find thousands of Pearson VUE testing
centers scattered across the United States and Canada, as well as in
over 186 other countries around the world. You may take the exam
at any testing center. To locate a testing center and schedule an
exam, call Pearson VUE at 877-551-7587. You can also visit their
Web site at https://home.pearsonvue.com. To schedule an Internet-
based exam through OnVUE, go to www.onvue.com. You’ll need a
solid Internet connection and a webcam, such as one built into most
portable computers.

How Much Does the Test Cost?

CompTIA fixes the price, no matter what testing center you use. The
cost of the exam depends on whether you work for a CompTIA
member. At press time, the cost for non-CompTIA members is $338
(U.S.).
If your employer is a CompTIA member, you can save money by
obtaining an exam voucher. In fact, even if you don’t work for a
CompTIA member, you can purchase a voucher from member
companies (like mine) and take advantage of significant member
savings. You simply buy the voucher and then use the voucher to
pay for the exam. Vouchers are delivered to you on paper and
electronically via e-mail. The voucher number is the important thing.
That number is your exam payment, so protect it from fellow
students until you’re ready to schedule your exam.
If you’re in the United States or Canada, you can visit
www.totalsem.com or call 800-446-6004 to purchase vouchers. As I
always say, “You don’t have to buy your voucher from us, but for
goodness’ sake, get one from somebody!” Why pay full price when
you have a discount alternative?
You must pay for the exam when you schedule, whether online or by
phone. If you’re scheduling by phone, be prepared to hold for a
while. Have your Social Security number (or the international
equivalent) ready and either a credit card or a voucher number
when you call or begin the online scheduling process. If you require
any special accommodations, Pearson VUE will be able to assist you,
although your selection of testing locations may be a bit more
limited.
International prices vary; see the CompTIA Web site for international
pricing. Of course, prices are subject to change without notice, so
always check the CompTIA Web site for current pricing!

How to Pass the CompTIA

Network+ Exam
The single most important thing to remember about the CompTIA
Network+ certification exam is that CompTIA designed it to test the
knowledge of a technician with as little as nine months of experience
—so keep it simple! Think in terms of practical knowledge. Read this
book, answer the questions at the end of each chapter, take the
practice exams on the media accompanying this book, review any
topics you missed, and you’ll pass with flying colors.
Is it safe to assume that it’s probably been a while since you’ve
taken an exam? Consequently, has it been a while since you’ve had
to study for an exam? If you’re nodding your head yes, you’ll
probably want to read the next sections. They lay out a proven
strategy to help you study for the CompTIA Network+ exam and
pass it. Try it. It works.

Obligate Yourself
The first step you should take is to schedule the exam. Ever heard
the old adage that heat and pressure make diamonds? Well, if you
don’t give yourself a little “heat,” you might procrastinate and
unnecessarily delay taking the exam. Even worse, you may end up
not taking the exam at all. Do yourself a favor. Determine how much
time you need to study (see the next section), and then call Pearson
VUE and schedule the exam, giving yourself the time you need to
study—and adding a few extra days for safety. Afterward, sit back
and let your anxieties wash over you. Suddenly, turning off the
smartphone and cracking open the book will become a lot easier!

Set Aside the Right Amount of Study Time

After helping thousands of techs get their CompTIA Network+
certification, we at Total Seminars have developed a pretty good feel
for the amount of study time needed to pass the CompTIA
Network+ exam. Table 1 will help you plan how much study time
you must devote to the exam. Keep in mind that these are averages.
If you’re not a great student or if you’re a little on the nervous side,
add another 10 percent. Equally, if you’re the type who can learn an
entire semester of geometry in one night, reduce the numbers by 10
percent. To use this table, just circle the values that are most
accurate for you and add them up to get the number of study hours.
Table 1 Determining How Much Study Time You Need
A complete neophyte may need 120 hours or more of study time. An
experienced network technician already CompTIA A+ certified
should only need about 24 hours.
Study habits also come into play here. A person with solid study
habits (you know who you are) can reduce the number by 15
percent. People with poor study habits should increase that number
by 20 percent.
The total hours of study time you need is __________________.

Study for the Test

Now that you have a feel for how long it’s going to take to study for
the exam, you need a strategy for studying. The following has
proven to be an excellent game plan for cramming the knowledge
from the study materials into your head.
This strategy has two alternate paths. The first path is designed for
highly experienced technicians who have a strong knowledge of PCs
and networking and want to concentrate on just what’s on the exam.
Let’s call this group the Fast Track group. The second path, and the
one I’d strongly recommend, is geared toward people like me: the
ones who want to know why things work, those who want to wrap
their arms completely around a concept, as opposed to regurgitating
answers just to pass the CompTIA Network+ exam. Let’s call this
group the Brainiacs.
To provide for both types of learners, I have broken down most of
the chapters into two parts:

• Historical/Conceptual Although not on the CompTIA

Network+ exam, this knowledge will help you understand
more clearly what is on the CompTIA Network+ exam.
• Test Specific These topics clearly fit under the CompTIA
Network+ certification domains.

The beginning of each of these areas is clearly marked with a large

banner that looks like the following.
Historical/Conceptual
If you consider yourself a Fast Tracker, skip everything but the Test
Specific section in each chapter. After reading the Test Specific
sections, jump immediately to the Chapter Review questions, which
concentrate on information in the Test Specific sections. If you run
into problems, review the Historical/Conceptual sections in that
chapter. After going through every chapter as described, take the
free practice exams on the media that accompanies the book. First,
take them in practice mode, and then switch to final mode. Once
you start scoring in the 80–85 percent range, go take the test!
Brainiacs should first read the book—the whole book. Read it as
though you’re reading a novel, starting on Page 1 and going all the
way through. Don’t skip around on the first read-through, even if
you are a highly experienced tech. Because there are terms and
concepts that build on each other, skipping around might confuse
you, and you’ll just end up closing the book and firing up your
favorite PC game. Your goal on this first read is to understand
concepts—to understand the whys, not just the hows.
Having a network available while you read through the book helps a
lot. This gives you a chance to see various concepts, hardware, and
configuration screens in action as you read about them in the book.
Plus, you’ll need some gear to do all the hands-on exercises
sprinkled throughout the book. Nothing beats doing it yourself to
reinforce a concept or piece of knowledge!
You will notice a lot of historical information—the
Historical/Conceptual sections—that you may be tempted to skip.
Don’t! Understanding how some of the older stuff worked or how
something works conceptually will help you appreciate the reason
behind current networking features and equipment, as well as how
they function.
After you have completed the first read-through, cozy up for a
second. This time, try to knock out one chapter per sitting.
Concentrate on the Test Specific sections. Get a highlighter and mark
the phrases and sentences that make major points. Look at the
pictures and tables, noting how they illustrate the concepts. Then,
answer the end of chapter questions. Repeat this process until you
not only get all the questions right, but also understand why they
are correct!
Once you have read and studied the material in the book, check
your knowledge by taking the practice exams included on the media
accompanying the book. The exams can be taken in practice mode
or final mode. In practice mode, you are allowed to check references
in the book (if you want) before you answer each question, and each
question is graded immediately. In final mode, you must answer all
the questions before you are given a test score. In each case, you
can review a results summary that tells you which questions you
missed, what the right answer is to each, and where to study
further.
Use the results of the exams to see where you need to bone up, and
then study some more and try them again. Continue retaking the
exams and reviewing the topics you missed until you are consistently
scoring in the 80–85 percent range. When you’ve reached that point,
you are ready to pass the CompTIA Network+ exam!
If you have any problems or questions, or if you just want to argue
about something, feel free to send an e-mail to me at
scottj@totalsem.com or to the series editor, Mike Meyers, at
michaelm@totalsem.com.
For additional information about the CompTIA Network+ exam,
contact CompTIA directly at its Web site: www.comptia.org.
Good luck!

–Scott Jernigan
 CHAPTER 1

Network Models
The CompTIA Network+ certification exam expects you to
know how to
• 1.1 Compare and contrast the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model layers and encapsulation
concepts
• 1.2 Explain the characteristics of network topologies and
network types
• 2.1 Compare and contrast various devices, their features,
and their appropriate placement on the network
To achieve these goals, you must be able to
• Describe how the OSI seven-layer model helps technicians
understand and troubleshoot networks
• Explain the major functions of networks with the OSI
seven-layer model

Networks enable connected hosts—computers—to share resources

and access resources. The sharing host—a server—runs special
software to enable the accessing host—a client—to get the desired
resource. That resource can be any number of things, from a Web
page on the Internet to files on a server in your office. It might even
be a printer or a camera. Networking professionals need to know
how all the connections happen and all the hardware and software
that enables that exchange of resources.

The CompTIA Network+ certification challenges you to understand

virtually every aspect of networking—not a small task. Networking
professionals use models to conceptualize the many parts of a
network, relying primarily on the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) seven-layer model.
The OSI model provides two tools that makes it essential for
networking techs. First, the OSI model provides a powerful mental
tool for diagnosing problems. Understanding OSI enables a tech to
determine quickly at what layer a problem can occur and helps the
tech zero in on a solution without wasting a lot of time on false
leads. Second, the OSI model provides a common language techs
use to describe specific network functions. Figure 1-1 shows product
information for a Cisco-branded advanced networking device. Note
the use of the terms “L3” and “layer 7.” These terms directly
reference the OSI seven-layer model. Techs who understand the OSI
model understand what those numbers mean, giving them a quick
understanding of what the device provides to a network.

Figure 1-1 Using OSI terminology in device documentation

This chapter looks first at models in general and how models help
conceptualize and troubleshoot networks. The chapter then explores
the OSI seven-layer model to see how it helps clarify network
architecture for techs.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
cubría de los pies á la cabeza, y
en la mano derecha una lanza
pintada de colores. Amainaron
entrambos las velas, y á fuerza de
remos arremetieron el uno contra
el otro con furia muy grande.
Movióse grande alarido de las
Nymphas y salvajes, y de los que
con sus voces los favorescían.
Los remeros emplearon allí todas
sus fuerzas, procurando los unos
y los otros llevar mayor ímpetu y
hacer más poderoso encuentro. Y
viniéndose á encontrar los
salvajes con las lanzas en los
escudos, era cosa de gran deleite
lo que les acaescía. Porque no
tenían tantas fuerzas ni destreza,
que con la furia con que los
barcos corrían y con los golpes de
las lanzas quedassen en pie, sino
que unas veces caían dentro de
los bajeles y otras en el río. Con
esto allí se movía la risa, el
regocijo y la música, que nunca
cessaba. Los justadores la vez
que caían en el agua iban
nadando, y siendo de las
Nymphas de su parcialidad
recogidos, volvían otra vez á
justar, y cayendo de nuevo,
multiplicaron el regocijo. Al fin el
barco de carmesí vino con tanta
furia y su justador tuvo tanta
destreza, que quedó en pie,
derribando en el río á su
contrario. A lo cual las Nymphas
de su escuadrón levantaron tal
vocería y dispararon tan extraña
música, que las adversarias
quedaron algo corridas, y
señaladamente un salvaje
robusto y soberbio, que afrentado
y muy feroz dijo: ¿Es possible que
en nuestra compañía haya
hombre de tan poca habilidad y
fuerza que no pueda resistir á
golpes tan ligeros? Quitadme,
Nymphas, esta cadena, y sirva en
mi lugar por remero quien ha sido
tan flojo justador, veréis cómo os
dejaré á vosotras vencedoras y á
las contrarias muy corridas. Dicho
esto, librado por una hermosa
Nympha de la cadena, con un
bravo denuedo tomó la lanza y el
escudo, y púsose en pie sobre la
proa. A la hora los salvajes con
valerosos ánimos comenzaron á
remar, y las Nymphas á mover
grande vocería. El contrario barco
vino con el mesmo ímpetu, pero
su salvaje no hubo menester
emplear la lanza para quedar
vencedor, porque el justador, que
tanto había braveado, antes que
se encontrassen, con la furia que
su barco llevaba, no pudo ni supo
tenerse en pie, sino que con su
lanza y escudo cayó en el agua,
dando claro ejemplo de que los
más soberbios y presumptuosos
caen en mayores faltas. Las
Nympas le recogieron, que iba
nadando, aunque no lo merescía.
Pero los cinco barcos de morado
que aparte estaban, viendo su
compañero vencido, á manera de
afrentados todos arremetieron.
Los otros cinco de carmesí
hicieron lo mesmo, y comenzaron
las Nymphas á tirar
muchedumbre de pelotas de cera
blanca y colorada, huecas y
llenas de aguas olorosas,
levantando tal grita y peleando
con tal orden y concierto, que
figuraron allí una reñida batalla,
como si verdaderamente lo fuera.
Al fin de la cual los barcos de la
devisa morada mostraron quedar
rendidos, y las contrarias
Nymphas saltaron en ellos á
manera de vencedoras, y luego
con la mesma música vinieron á
la ribera, y desembarcaron las
vencedoras y vencidas con los
captivos salvajes, haciendo de su
beldad muy alegre muestra.
Passado esto, Felicia se volvió á
la fuente donde antes estaba, y
Eugerio y la otra compañía,
siguiéndola, hicieron lo mesmo. Al
tiempo que vinieron á ella,
hallaron un pastor que en tanto
que había durado la justa había
entrado en la huerta y se había
sentado junto al agua.
Parescióles á todos muy gracioso,
y especialmente á Felicia, que ya
le conoscía, y ansí le dijo: A mejor
tiempo no pudieras venir, Turiano,
para remedio de tu pena y para
augmento desta alegría. En lo
que toca á tu dolor, después se
tratará, mas para lo demás
conviene que publiques cuanto
aproveche tu cantar. Ya veo que
tienes el rabel fuera del zurrón,
paresciendo querer complacer á
esta hermosa compañía; canta
algo de tu Elvinia, que dello
quedarás bien satisfecho.
Espantado quedó el pastor que
Felicia le nombrasse á él y á su
zagala, y que á su pena alivio
prometiesse; pero pensando
pagarle más tales ofrescimientos
con hacer su mandado que con
gratificarlos de palabras, estando
todos assentados y atentos, se
puso á tañer su rabel y á cantar lo
siguiente:

Rimas provenzales.
Cuando con mil colores
devisado
viene el verano en el ameno
suelo,
el campo hermoso está,
sereno el cielo,
rico el pastor y próspero el
ganado.
Philomena por árboles floridos
da sus gemidos:
hay fuentes bellas,
 y en torno dellas,
cantos suaves
de Nymphas y aves.
Mas si Elvinia de allí sus
ojos parte,
habrá contino hibierno en
toda parte.

Cuando el helado Cierzo de

hermosura
despoja hierbas, árboles y
flores,
el canto dejan ya los
ruiseñores
y queda el yermo campo sin
verdura.
Mil horas son más largas que
los días
las noches frías,
espessa niebla
con la tiniebla
escura y triste
el aire viste.
Mas salga Elvinia al campo,
y por doquiera
renovará la alegre
primavera.

Si alguna vez envía el cielo

airado
el temeroso rayo ó bravo
trueno,
está el pastor de todo
amparo ajeno,
triste, medroso, atónito y
turbado.
Y si granizo ó dura piedra
arroja,
la fruta y hoja
gasta y destruye,
el pastor huye
á passo largo,
triste y amargo.
Mas salga Elvinia al campo,
y su belleza
desterrará el recelo y la
tristeza.

Y si acaso tañendo estó ó

cantando
á sombra de olmos ó altos
valladares,
y están con dulce acento á
mis cantares
la mirla y la calandria
replicando;
Cuando suave expira el fresco
viento,
cuando el contento
más soberano
me tiene ufano,
libre de miedo,
lozano y ledo:
si assoma Elvinia airada,
assí me espanto,
que el rayo ardiente no me
atierra tanto.

Si Delia en perseguir silvestres

fieras,
con muy castos cuidados
ocupada
va de su hermosa escuadra
acompañada,
 buscando sotos, campos y
riberas;
Napeas y Hamadriadas
hermosas
con frescas rosas
le van delante,
está triunfante
con lo que tiene;
pero si viene
al bosque donde caza
Elvinia mía,
parecerá menor su lozanía.

Y cuando aquellos miembros

delicados
se lavan en la fuente
esclarescida,
si allí Cyntia estuviera, de
corrida
los ojos abajara
avergonzados.
Porque en la agua de aquella
transparente
y clara fuente
el mármol fino
y peregrino
con beldad rara
se figurara,
y al atrevido Acteon, si la
viera,
no en ciervo, pero en
mármol convertiera.

Canción, quiero mil veces

replicarte
en toda parte,
por ver si el canto
 amansa un tanto
mi clara estrella,
tan cruda y bella.
Dichoso yo si tal ventura
hubiesse
que Elvinia se ablandasse ó
yo muriesse.

No se puede encarescer lo que

les agradó la voz y gracia del
zagal, porque él cantó de manera,
y era tan hermoso, que paresció
ser Apolo, que otra vez había
venido á ser pastor, porque otro
ninguno juzgaron suficiente á
tanta belleza y habilidad.
Montano, maravillado desto, le
dijo: Grande obligación tiene,
zagal, la pastora Elvinia, de quien
tan subtilmente has cantado, no
sólo por lo que gana en ser
querida de tan gracioso pastor
como tú eres, pero en ser sus
bellezas y habilidades con tan
delicadas comparaciones en tus
versos encarescidas. Pero siendo
ella amada de ti, se ha de
imaginar que ha de tener última y
extremada perfección, y una de
las cosas que más para ello la
ayudarán, será la destreza y
ejercicio de la caza, en la cual con
Diana la igualaste, porque es una
de las cosas que más belleza y
gracia añaden á las Nymphas y
pastoras. Un zagal conoscí yo en
mi aldea, y aun Ismenia y
Selvagio también le conoscen,
que, enamorado de una pastora
nombrada Argía, de ninguna
gentileza suya más captivo
estaba que de una singular
destreza que tenía en tirar un
arco, con que las fieras y aves
con agudas y ciertas flechas
enclavaba. Por lo cual el pastor,
nombrado Olympio, cantaba
algunas veces un soneto sobre la
destreza, la hermosura y crueldad
de aquella zagala, formando entre
ella y la Diosa Diana y Cupido un
desafío de tirar arco, cosa harto
graciosa y delicada, y por
contentarme mucho le tomé de
cabeza. A esto salio Clenarda
diciendo: Razón será, pues, que
tengamos parte de esse contento
con oirle. A lo menos á mí no me
puede ser cosa más agradable
que oirtele cantar, siquiera por la
devoción que tengo al ejercicio de
tirar arco. Pláceme, dijo
Montano, si con ello no he de ser
enojoso. No puede, dijo
Polydoro, causar enojo lo que
con tan gran contento será
escuchado. Tocando entonces
Montano un rabel, cantó el
soneto de Olympio, que decía:

Soneto.
 Probaron en el campo su
destreza
Diana, Amor y la pastora
mía,
flechas tirando á un árbol,
que tenía
pintado un corazón en la
corteza.
Allí apostó Diana su belleza,
su arco Amor, su libertad
Argía,
la cual mostró en tirar más
gallardía,
mejor tino, denuedo y
gentileza.
Y ansí ganó á Diana la
hermosura,
las armas á Cupido, y ha
quedado
tan bella y tan cruel desta
victoria,
Que á mis cansados ojos su
figura,
y el arco fiero al corazon
cuitado
quitó la libertad, la vida y
gloria.

Fué muy agradable á todos este

soneto, y más la suavidad con
que por Montano fué cantado.
Después de consideradas en
particular todas sus partes, y
passadas algunas pláticas sobre
la materia dél, Felicia, viendo que
la noche se acercaba,
paresciéndole que para aquel día
sus huéspedes quedaban asaz
regocijados, haciendo señal de
querer hablar, hizo que la gente,
dejado el bullicio y fiesta, con
ánimo atento se sossegasse, y
estando todos en reposado
silencio, con su acostumbrada
gravedad habló ansí:
Por muy averiguado tengo,
caballeros y damas, pastores y
pastoras de gran merescimiento,
que después que á mi casa
venísteis, no podréis de mis
favores ni de los servicios de mis
Nymphas en ninguna manera
quejaros. Pero fué tanto el deseo
que tuve de complaceros y el
contento que recibo en que
semejantes personas le tengan
por mi causa, que me paresce
que, aunque más hiciera, no
igualara de gran parte lo mucho
que merescéis. Solos quedan
entre vosotros descontentos
Narcisso con la aspereza de
Melisea y Turiano con la de
Elvinia. A los cuales por agora les
bastará consolarse con la
esperanza; pues mi palabra, que
no suele mentir, por la forma que
más les conviene, presta y
cumplida salud ciertamente les
promete. A Eugerio veo alegre
con el hijo, hijas y yerno, y tiene
razón de estallo, despues que á
causa dellos se ha visto en tantos
peligros y ha sufrido tan fatigosas
penas y cuidados.
Acabadas las razones de Felicia,
el viejo Eugerio quedó espantado
de tal sabiduría, y los demás
satisfechos de tan saludable
reprensión, sacando della
provechoso fruto para vivir de allí
adelante muy recatados. Y
levantándose todos de entorno la
fuente, siguiendo á la sabia,
salieron del jardín, yendo al
palacio á retirarse en sus
aposentos, aparejando los ánimos
á las fiestas del venidero día. Las
cuales y lo que de Narcisso,
Turiano, Tauriso y Berardo
acontesció, juntamente con la
historia de Danteo y Duardo,
portugueses, que aquí por
algunos respetos no se escribe, y
otras cosas de gusto y de
provecho, están tratadas en la
otra parte deste libro, que antes
de muchos días, placiendo á
Dios, será impressa.

FIN DE LA DIANA ENAMORADA

DE GASPAR GIL POLO
 EL PASTOR DE FILIDA

COMPUESTO POR

LUIS GÁLVEZ DE
MONTALVO
GENTIL-HOMBRE CORTESANO

CARTA DEDICATORIA DEL

AUTOR AL MUY ILUSTRE
SEÑOR DON ENRIQUE DE
MENDOZA Y ARAGÓN

Considerando que desde el

tiempo que U. S. se criaba en
casa de sus excelentíssimos
abuelos, aquel gran Duque del
Infantado, tan digno deste
nombre, y aquella gran señora,
digna hija del Infante Fortuna,
siempre U. S. fué amador de la
virtud; y siempre, desde aquella
edad tierna, ha ido
resplandeciendo en su pecho la
gloriosa llama de su sangre, hasta
ser el mayor testimonio della, de
dó nace ser U. S. entre los suyos
el más virtuoso de los ricos y el
más rico de los virtuosos, con
aquel don del cielo que por mayor
premio el mundo puede dar:
amado de grandes y menores, y
de todos conocidas las
excelencias con que fué criado,
sin que rabia de tiempo ni rigor de
envidia lo puedan negar ni
deshacer. Entre los venturosos
que á U. S. conocen y tratan, he
sido yo uno, y estimo que de los
más, porque deseando servir á U.
S. se cumplió mi deseo, y assi
dejé mi casa y otras muy
señaladas, dó fui rogado que
viviesse, y vine á ésta, donde
holgaré de morir, y donde mi
mayor trabajo es estar ocioso,
contento y honrado, como criado
de U. S. Y assi, á ratos
entretenido en mi antiguo ejercicio
de la divina alteza de la Poesía,
donde son tantos los llamados y
tan pocos los escogidos, he
compuesto El Pastor de Filida,
libro humilde y pequeño,
digníssimo de su nombre, de
aquel favor con que U. S. suele
amparar á los necessitados dél,
en lo cual fiado se le ofrezco, rudo
y mal ataviado, como viene de las
Selvas, para que U. S. le
despierte y componga de su
mano, que cuanto es soberbio en
pensamientos, es humilde en
voluntad; y sabrá conocer la
merced que se le hiciere, sin
miedo de que nadie le ose enojar;
y yo que le envío, me atreveré á
trocar su zampoña en trompeta
heroica, que cante el bien que el
mundo de U. S. tiene y espera:
cuya muy ilustre persona y estado
nuestro Señor guarde y
acreciente, como todo el mundo
desea. De Madrid, y Febrero 20
de 1582.
Las muy ilustres manos de U. S.
besa su criado
Gálvez de Montalvo.

EL AUTOR AL LIBRO
Pastor de mis
pensamientos,
guardador de mis cuidados,
si quieres trocar los prados
por soberbios aposentos,
seráte fuerza volar
sin alas con que subir,
y habréme de lastimar,
de mí, por verte partir;
de ti, por verte quedar.
Dejarás la gravedad;
no me parezcas en esto;
también será deshonesto
que pierdas mi autoridad.
Si te vieres en aprieto,
mostraréte á ser bastante
para quedar sin defeto,
sei con el necio arrogante
y humilde con el discreto.
Cuando entre damas te
vieres,
honestas, sabias, hermosas,
encubrirás cuantas cosas
contra su opinion tuvieres;
mas si te catan los senos
y en sus orejas dissuenas,
diles, con ojos serenos,
que si todas fueran buenas
las buenas valdrían menos.
No llevas capas, ni ornatos
de Parnassos, ni Helicones,
que por mis pobres rincones
apenas tenías zapatos.
Y si los Faunos acaso
por los montes te encontraren,
passa quedo, habla passo;
que donde ellos agradaren
harán de ti poco caso.
No te quiero yo obligar
á hablar de mí por tassa;
que lo que passa ó no passa,
ya sé que lo has de contar;
y si causares porfía
con lo que te enseño yo,
bajarás la fantasía,
y di que el que te enseñó
quizá menos lo entendía.
Si te aprobaren los más,
no te mueva hichazón,
que la perfeta eleción
en los menos la verás;
pero si los pocos ves
contar tus hechos por vanos,
no pretendas tu interés,
ni te cures de las manos,
que más te valdrán los pies.
Para derramar tus obras,
no tomes larga carrera:
si agradas, vas tras do quiera,
si enfadas, do quiera sobras.
Donde tus prendas están
no temas los enemigos,
y si te ves en afán
acógete á mis amigos,
que éstos no te faltarán.
No quiero negarte aquí,
que otro gallo me cantara
si á mí se me aconsejara
lo que te aconsejo á ti;
lo que sé te significo,
haz lo que será cordura,
no puedo dejarte rico;
mas si tuvieres ventura,
podrás valer por tu pico.
Bien conviene que
recuerden
los Hados á te ayudar,
si te tienes de ganar
por lo que tantos se pierden,
podría ser que muriesses
como han hecho más de dos;
ó tantos siglos viviesses,
que hoy pidiesses por Dios,
y tú mañana lo diesses.
Si se rompiere la hebra
de mi nombre y de tu vida,
la hechura irá perdida,
como vidrio que se quiebra.
Y pues de vivir honrado
te partes tan sospechoso,
no debes juzgar tu estado
por larga vida dichoso,
ni por corta desdichado.
Mas ¡ay! que me llevas
cuanto
me tenía enriquecido,
 que como lo he padecido
por fuerza lo estimo en tanto,
y otras prendas que no
cuento,
que parece poco seso
mezclarlas en este intento;
mas van para contrapeso,
porque no te lleve el viento.
Ora cantes, ora llores,
ora provoques á risa,
siempre será tu devisa:
la causa de mis dolores.
Este es el blasón que quiero,
y dél quiero que presumas;
y en lo demás te requiero,
que te faltarán las plumas
si te picas de altanero.

CENSURA
Por comissión de los Señores del
Consejo de su Majestad, he visto
este libro, cuyo título es El
Pastor de Filida, compuesto por
Luis Gálvez de Montalvo, en
prosa y verso castellano; y
habiéndole passado con atención,
me parece no sólo digno de salir
á luz, en conformidad de la
pretensión de su autor, más aun
que me parece, por su pureza,
propiedad, facilidad y dulzura, por
la novedad de las invenciones,
por la orden y disposición con que
las trata, ser estimado por uno de
los más aceptos que hasta ahora
en este género han salido á juicio
del mundo; y aunque la materia,
siendo pastoril y amorosa, parece
que de suyo requiere humildad y
llaneza, no le ha costado tan poco
guardar el decoro que en ella se
pide, que no haya hecho por igual
el estilo y acomodarle al propósito
que se sigue, guardando las
partes á él necessarias, todo lo
que, con mucho estudio, de un
aventajado ingenio se puede
esperar: y assí, libre de pasión,
me parece que se le debe
conceder la licencia que pide. En
Madrid á dos de Junio de 1581.
Pedro Laínez.

PRIMERA PARTE
DEL PASTOR DE FILIDA

Cuando de más apuestos y

lucidos pastores florecía el Tajo,
morada antigua de las sagradas
Musas, vino á su celebrada ribera
el caudaloso Mendino, nieto del
gran rabadán Mendiano, con cuya
llegada el claro río ensoberbeció
sus corrientes: los altos montes
de luz y gloria se vistieron; el fértil
campo renovó su casi perdida
hermosura, pues los pastores dél,
incitados de aquella sobrenatural
virtud, de manera siguieron sus
pisadas que, envidioso Ebro,
confuso Tormes, Pisuerga y
Guadalquivir admirados,
inclinaron sus cabezas, y las
hinchadas urnas manaron con un
silencio admirable: sólo el felice
Tajo resonaba, y lo mejor de su
son era Mendino, cuya ausencia
sintió de suerte Henares, su
nativo río, que con sus ojos
acrecentó tributo á las arenas de
oro. Bien le fué menester al
gallardo pastor, para no sentir la
ausencia de su caríssimo
hermano, hallar en esta ribera al
gentil Castalio, su primo, al
caudaloso Cardenio, al galán
Coridón, con otros muchos
valerosos pastores y rabadanes,
deudos y amigos de los suyos,
con quien passaba dulce y
agradable vida Mendino, en quien
todos hallaban tan cumplida
satisfación, que como olvidados
de sus propias cabañas, sitios y
albergues, los de Mendino
estaban siempre acompañados
de la mayor nobleza de la