S2 BIOLOGY EXERCISES 2021-2022

1. a) Why are enzymes frequently referred to as ‘biological catalysts’?

(b) What would be the effect of changing:
(il pH?
(ii) Temperature upon the rate of action any named enzyme?

2. a) The diagram below represents molecules of a salt dissolved in the bottom layer of
water in a beaker.

Make two similar diagrams to the distribution of salt molecules:

(i) After a few minutes.
(ii) After several hours.
(iii) By which transport mechanism (process) the salt molecules will move?

(b) The diagram below shows a vessel which contains a concentrated

(right) and a dilute (left) solution separated by a partially permeable
membrane.

i) Draw a similar diagram to show the liquid levels after an hour or two
hours.
ii) Explain what has happened.
iii) Name the process which is being investigated.
iv) Define the process named in (iii) above.
3. (a) State two features of a good gaseous exchange system.
(b) Describe the route taken by the air as it is inhaled.
(c) Name the air sacs in the lungs.

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4. (a) Describe one method that can be used to prevent sexual transmission of
HIV/aids.
(b) Give three (3) ways in which a woman who has HIV can pass the virus to her baby.
(c) Mention at least five (5) categories of people who are at risk of getting HIV.

5. (a) Describe the differences between a parasite and a pathogen.

(b) List at least one disease caused by each of the following:
(i) Virus
(ii) Bacteria
(iii) Fungi
(iv) Protoctista.

6. (a) Define the term "photosynthesis".

(b) Describe the conditions necessary for photosynthesis.

7. (a) Define "transpiration".

(b) How do plants benefit from transpiration?

8. (a) What are major characteristics of enzymes?

(a) Imagine if your stomach pH was 7 instead of the normal pH of 2; what
would happen?
9. In the tables below, indicate how you carry out tests for reducing sugars and non-
reducing sugars by filling in the procedure, expected observations and your logical
conclusion.
(a) Test for reducing Sugars
Procedure Observation Conclusion
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

(b) Test for non-reducing Sugars

Procedure Observation Conclusion
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

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10. Green plants make their own food by photosynthesis.
a) What are raw materials of photosynthesis?
b) What gas is given off during photosynthesis?
c) What sugar is produced by photosynthesis?
d) Where does energy come from to make photosynthesis work?

11. Explain why elimination of water by the kidneys may be considered to be

both excretion and osmoregulation.

12. A group of students studied the feeding relationship in a pond.

The Food Web below shows their results.

a) What information is given by the arrows in this Food web?

b) A disease killed most of the Minnows. Explain the likely effect of the death of most
minnows on the following organisms in the pond:
i) Perch.
ii) Tadpoles.
iii) Planktons.

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