Lecture 10 RTT - Angular Momentum Equation

ME-314 “Fluid Mechanics -II”
Lecture-10 RTT- Angular Momentum Equation

By
Dr.-Ing. Syed Mushahid Hussain Hashmi
→  → →  → → →
 Tsys  t    r V dV   
    r V V . nˆ dA  
 CV  CS
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ME-314 Fluid Mechanics-II by Dr.-Ing. on UdemyHCourse
S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lec 10- RTT- Angular Momentum Equation ) 1
Lecture content
 Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)
 Deriving Angular Momentum Equation using RTT
 Problem based on Linear and Angular Momentum
 RTT for Moving and Deforming CV

Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)
  →
 
DBsys
   bdV    b V. n̂ dA
mDt t  CV  CS – _ – – ,
Rate of change
––_––,
of B within Rate of change Net flux of B
the System of B within CV through the CS
i.e. accumulation
→
V is measured relative to CV , which is fixed.
RTT- Conservation of Angular Momentum
  →
 
DBsys
   bdV    b V. nˆ dA
Dt t  CV  CS
→
Let B  m(r V )
→
B m(r V ) → →
 b   r V
→ m m
→

D m(r V )   → →  → → →
sys

    r V dV     r V V. n̂ dA
t  CV
   
Dt  CS
→ →

D m(r V )   → →  → → →
sys
    r V dV
t  CV
  
    r V V. n̂ dA  
––_Dt––, –––_–––,  CS –––_ –––,
rate of change net rate of flow
of angular momentum rate of change of angular
of the system momentum of the of angular momentum
contents of CV through the CS

→ →

D m(r V )   → →  → → →
sys
    r V dV
t  CV
  
    r V V. n̂ dA   V (u, v, w)
Dt  CS
Principle of conservation of Angular Momentum: Sum of external
torques acting on a system is equal to the rate of change of angular
→ →
momentum.
→ D m(r V )  
Tsys  Dt
sys
→
 Tsys      r→V→dV  
 → → →

    r V V. nˆ dA  
t  CV  CS
where,
→ → → →
 Tsys is a vector sum i.e.  T x ,  T y ,  T z
RTT- Moment of Momentum
→ →
→ 
D m(r V ) 
Tsys Dt
sys

→ →
D (r V )  →
 → Dr → DV 
 m V  r
→
m 
Dt  Dt Dt 
→
 → → → DV 
 m V V  r  
 Dt
→ 
 → DV 
 m 0  r  
 Dt 
→ DV
 r m
Dt
 r  ma
→ →
m

D (r V )   r→ F→ T→
Dt
→  → →  → → →
 
 Tsys  t   r V dV    r V  V. n̂ dA    
 CV  CS
→  →→  →→ →
For x - direction  Tx     r  u dV     r  u  V. n̂ dA
t  CV
 
 CS
This equation is a vector relation. u(x, y, z, t)
Similarly For y and z - direction

→  →→  →→ →
 Ty  t    r  v dV     r  v  V. n̂ dA  
 CV  CS
→  → →  → → →
 Tz  t    r  wdV     r  w V. n̂ dA  
 CV  CS

→  → →  → → →
 Tsys  t    r V dV   
    r V V. n̂ dA  
 CV  CS
For steady flow:
 → → 
 
  r V  dV   0
t  CV 
→ → → →
 Tsys     
r V  V. n̂ dA
CS
For 1-D multiple inlets and outlets

→ → → → → → →
  
  r V V. n̂ dA   r V mɺout   r V mɺin  out
  in
CS
→  → →  → → → → mɺ
 Tsys  t    r V dV    
   r V out mɺout   r V in in  
 CV 
Conservation of Angular Momentum- Sprinkler
→  → →  → → → →
 
 Tsys     r V dV    r V out mɺ out   r V in mɺ in
   
t  CV 
Change in moment of fluid momentum around an axis can result in

torque and rotation around that same axis.

RTT-Problem-Continuity
Problem: Water at 20°C flows steadily through the elbow as
shown in the figure and exits to the atmosphere. The pipe diameter
is D1=10 cm, while D2=3 cm. At a weight flow rate of 150 N/s, the
pressure p1=2.3 atm (gage). Neglecting the weight of water and
elbow, estimate the velocity at exit, force on the flange bolts at
section 1 and the torque caused around the flange at 1.
150
Q  0.0153 m3 /s mɺ  Q  15.3 kg/s p2 =0 (gage)
9810 V1
Q Q
V1    1.947 m/s
A1  D 2 n̂1
4 1
  →
   dV
t  CV
 
    V. n̂ dA  0
 CS →
 
For steady and incompressible flow V. n̂ dA  0 V2 CV
n̂2
CS
V1 cos180  A1  V2 cos 0  A2  0 V2 
Q

Q
 21.632 m/s

V1 A1   V2  A2  0 Q   V2  A2  0
A2 D22
4
RTT- Problem-Force
d 
 F  dt   VdV   i mɺVi i out  i mɺVi i in V1
Fbolt
 CV  Fbolt
For steady state  F   mɺiVi    mɺiVi 

i
out
i
in n̂1
 F   mɺV   mɺV 
x
i
i i out
i
i i in
CV
p1 A1  p2 A2 cos40  Rx  mɺ(V2 cos 40) mɺ(V1 ) V2
n̂2 Rx

Ry

p1  D12   0  Rx  mV
ɺ 2 cos 40  mV
ɺ 1
4 
5  
2.31 (1.01310 )  (0.1) 2   Rx  15.3(21.632 cos 40) 15.3(1.947)
4 
1830  Rx  29.8  253.5  Rx  2113 N
So Fbolt  2113 N

RTT- Problem-Torque
→  → →  → → → →

 Tsys  t    r V dV    
   r V out mɺ out   r V in mɺ in V  Fbolt
Fbolt
 CV  1
O
For steady state n̂1
→ → → → →
 
 Tsys   r V mɺout   r V mɺin
out
  in
CV
Let To be the reaction moment at the Flange 'O' V2
→ →
n̂2
→ →

→ →
 
To  ro1  p1 A1i  ro 2  p2 A2 cos 40iˆ  p2 A2 sin 40 ĵ
ˆ   →
 
 ro2 V2 mɺ ro1 V1 mɺ 
→ →
ro1  0, ro2  1.2 ˆj, p2  0 V2  V2 cos 40 iˆ V2 sin 40 ˆj  16.6 iˆ 13.9 ˆj
→ → →

To  mɺ ro2 V2 
→
 
To  15.3  1.2 ĵ  16.6 iˆ 13.9 ĵ 
  
→

To  15.3 19.92 kˆ  To  304 kˆ N.m

Types of Control Volumes

RTT-For Moving Control Volume
For Fixed CV
  →
 
DBsys
   bdV    b V. n̂ dA
For moving CV:

A non-deforming CV moves at constant
velocity VCV . It is the relative velocity W that
carries the fluid across the moving control V
surface.
The velocity of the fluid V is relative to the
coordinate system.
W VCV  V W  V VCV
The RTT is the same just replacing velocity vector V with relative velocity vector W.
  →
 
DBsys
   bdV    b W . nˆ dA
RTT-For Deforming Control Volume
For Fixed CV
  →
 
DBsys
   bdV    b V. n̂ dA
For Deforming CV
A deforming CV changing the size of
the CV. The relative velocity is
defined as:
W  V VCS
The RTT is the same just replacing velocity vector V with

relative velocity vector W.
  →
 
DBsys
   bdV    b W . nˆ dA
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Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid
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Course 15

Lecture 10 RTT - Angular Momentum Equation

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Lecture 10 RTT - Angular Momentum Equation

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ME-314 “Fluid Mechanics -II”

Lecture-10 RTT- Angular Momentum Equation

Visit WWW.OZISACADEMY.COM To get Discount

 Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)

 Deriving Angular Momentum Equation using RTT

 Problem based on Linear and Angular Momentum

 RTT for Moving and Deforming CV

Visit WWW.OZISACADEMY.COM To get Discount

Visit WWW.OZISACADEMY.COM To get Discount

This equation is a vector relation. u(x, y, z, t)

Similarly For y and z - direction

Visit WWW.OZISACADEMY.COM To get Discount

For 1-D multiple inlets and outlets

Change in moment of fluid momentum around an axis can result in

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For steady state  F   mɺiVi    mɺiVi 

1830  Rx  29.8  253.5  Rx  2113 N

Visit WWW.OZISACADEMY.COM To get Discount

Visit WWW.OZISACADEMY.COM To get Discount

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For moving CV:

The RTT is the same just replacing velocity vector V with

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