VANESSA GARCÍA

ORIGINS OF ISLAM
EXPANSION AND GOVERNANCE
THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE
THE GOLDEN AGE
ISLAMIC ART AND CULTURE
THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
KEY BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
ISLAMIC HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS
END OF THE GOLDEN AGE
LEGACY AND INFLUENCE
Origins of Islam:
ISLAM ORIGINATED IN THE 7TH CENTURY IN THE
ARABIAN PENINSULA, WITH THE REVELATION OF THE
PROPHET MUHAMMAD.
MUHAMMAD PREACHED A MONOTHEISTIC MESSAGE,
PROCLAIMING ALLAH AS THE ONLY GOD AND
EMPHASISING TOTAL SUBMISSION TO HIS WILL.
THE COMPILATION OF HIS TEACHINGS AND
REVELATIONS FORMED THE QUR'AN, THE HOLY BOOK
OF ISLAM.

Expansion &
Goverment
AFTER MUHAMMAD'S DEATH IN 632, HIS FOLLOWERS,
CALLED MUSLIMS, EXPANDED RAPIDLY, CONQUERING
VAST TERRITORIES.
THEY ESTABLISHED A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
BASED ON ISLAMIC LAW, CALLED SHARIA, WHICH
GOVERNED ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE, FROM THE
POLITICAL TO THE PERSONAL.
The Islamic
Empire:
THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE REACHED ITS HEIGHT IN
THE 8TH AND 9TH CENTURIES, STRETCHING
FROM SPAIN TO THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT.
IT WAS A COSMOPOLITAN AND DIVERSE
EMPIRE, FOSTERING CULTURAL EXCHANGE
AND RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE.
The Golden Age:
THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM, WHICH TOOK
PLACE ROUGHLY BETWEEN THE 8TH AND
13TH CENTURIES, WAS A PERIOD OF GREAT
INTELLECTUAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
FLOWERING.
IMPORTANT ADVANCES WERE MADE IN
AREAS SUCH AS MATHEMATICS, MEDICINE,
PHILOSOPHY, LITERATURE AND
ARCHITECTURE.
Islamic art and
culture:
ISLAMIC ART IS CHARACTERISED BY ITS
RICH ORNAMENTATION, USE OF
GEOMETRIC AND FLORAL PATTERNS, AS
WELL AS THE PROHIBITION OF
FIGURATIVE REPRESENTATION.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IS
PARTICULARLY OUTSTANDING, WITH
MAGNIFICENT MOSQUES, PALACES AND
MADRASAHS THAT DISPLAY AN
IMPRESSIVE COMBINATION OF DESIGN
AND FUNCTIONALITY.

HTTPS://WWW.PANDOTRIP.COM/TOP-10-ARABIC-ARCHITECTURE-10059/
 The five pillars of Islam:

SAWM (FASTING DURING THE HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA):

SALAT (PRAYER): SALAT IS ZAKAT (ALMSGIVING): ZAKAT IS MONTH OF RAMADAN): DURING THE HAJJ IS THE ANNUAL
SHAHADA (PROFESSION OF
THE RITUAL OF PRAYER THAT THE PRACTICE OF GIVING A THE MONTH OF RAMADAN, PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY CITY
FAITH): THE SHAHADA IS THE
MUSLIMS PERFORM FIVE SPECIFIC PART OF ONE'S MUSLIMS PRACTICE SAWM, WHICH OF MECCA IN SAUDI ARABIA. IT
FUNDAMENTAL DECLARATION OF
TIMES A DAY. THESE WEALTH TO THE NEEDY, AS A IS FASTING FROM SUNRISE TO IS MANDATORY FOR EVERY
FAITH IN ISLAM. IT CONSISTS OF
PRAYERS ARE PERFORMED AT WAY OF PURIFYING WEALTH SUNSET. ADULT MUSLIM WHO IS
AFFIRMING WITH CONVICTION
SPECIFIC TIMES OF THE DAY: AND HELPING THE LESS PHYSICALLY AND FINANCIALLY
AND SINCERITY THAT "THERE IS
DAWN, NOON, AFTERNOON, FORTUNATE. ABLE TO MAKE THE JOURNEY AT
NO GOD BUT ALLAH AND
EVENING, SUNSET AND LEAST ONCE IN HIS OR HER
MUHAMMAD IS HIS PROPHET".
NIGHT. LIFETIME.
Main beliefs and
practices:
IN ADDITION TO THE FIVE PILLARS, MUSLIMS BELIEVE IN THE
ONENESS OF GOD, PREVIOUS PROPHETS, ANGELS, REVEALED
BOOKS AND THE FINAL JUDGEMENT.
DAILY PRAYER, CHARITY AND THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE
ARE IMPORTANT PRACTICES IN A MUSLIM'S LIFE.

Islamic holidays and

festivals:
AJOR ISLAMIC FESTIVALS INCLUDE EID AL-FITR, WHICH
MARKS THE END OF THE MONTH OF RAMADAN, AND EID AL-
ADHA, WHICH COMMEMORATES THE SACRIFICE OF
ABRAHAM.
THESE HOLIDAYS ARE OCCASIONS FOR CELEBRATION,
PRAYER AND CHARITY.
End of golden
age
THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM CAME TO
AN END DUE TO A COMBINATION OF
FACTORS, INCLUDING INTERNAL
CONFLICTS, EXTERNAL INVASIONS
AND POLITICAL CHANGES.
FROM THE 13TH CENTURY ONWARDS,
THE ISLAMIC WORLD ENTERED A
PERIOD OF RELATIVE DECLINE
COMPARED TO EUROPE.
Legacy and
influence:
DESPITE HISTORICAL CHANGES, THE
LEGACY OF ISLAM ENDURES TODAY,
INFLUENCING AREAS SUCH AS
SCIENCE, ARCHITECTURE,
PHILOSOPHY, LAW AND CULTURE
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
THE SPREAD OF ISLAM LEFT A LASTING
MARK ON GLOBAL HISTORY, SHAPING
SOCIETIES AND LEAVING A RICH
CULTURAL LEGACY.
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RANDOM HOUSE.
2. KENNEDY, H. (2006). HISTORIA DEL ISLAM. EDITORIAL CRÍTICA.
3. ARMSTRONG, K. (2002). ISLAM: A SHORT HISTORY. MODERN LIBRARY.
4. HODGSON, M. G. S. (1974). THE VENTURE OF ISLAM: CONSCIENCE AND HISTORY IN A WORLD
CIVILIZATION (VOL. 1-3). UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS.
5. ROBINSON, F. (ED.). (1996). THE CAMBRIDGE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
6. HILLENBRAND, R. (1999). ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE. THAMES & HUDSON.