Algebraic Expressions Learning Outcomes © After completing this chapter, you will be able to : define and identify an algebraic expression identify terms and factors of a term of an algebraic expression differentiate between like and unlike terms identify and differentiate between various types of algebraic expressions, define degree of a polynomial and classify polynomials according to their degrees compute the value of an algebraic expression. compute the sum of two or more algebraic expressions. compute the difference of two algebraic expressions. co Count the sticks in the following shapes and generalise the pattern. Qaqqa0u0a | | L Shape 1 Shape 2 Shape 3 Shape 4 Complete the following table and answer the questions that follow : Shape 1 Number of sticks used 4 1. How many sticks will be used in Shape 8? 2. How many sticks will be used in Shape 20?ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION A symbol having a fixed numerical value is called a constant and a symbol which can take various numerical values is called a variable A combination of constants and variables connected by some or all of the four fundamental operations : addition, subtraction, multiplication and division is called analgebraic expression Examples: (i) 2x"y-5x +6 (i) By -8 (il) Pz + yz +7 Terms The different parts of an algebraic expression separated by the sign + or — are called the terms of an expression. Examples : (i) 4 - 5x + 2x¢y is an algebraic expression having three terms, namely 4, ~ 5x and 2x°v. (ii) 2x - 5x is an algebraic expression having two terms, 2x° and ~ 5x. Factors of a Term The algebraic expression 5x° - 7xy consists of two terms, 5x° and -7xy, The term 5x? is a product of 5, x and x. We say that 5, x and x are the factors of the term 52°. Similarly, the term = 7xy is a product of the factors - 7, x and y. Therefore, a term is a product of its factors. We can also represent the terms and factors of the terms of an expression by a tree diagram. Let us draw a tree diagram for the expression 5x” — 7xy. Expression 5x°— 7xy Terms Sy Ty j /\\ EN Exaupue 1: Represent 2x’y ~ 7 by a tree diagram indicating terms and factors. SOLUTION : Expression 2Wy-7 ~~ Fl a Factors 5 x Terms Factors 2 Exampie 2: Represent the terms and factors of the terms of -2xy+7y? by a tree diagram. ‘Sowutio? Expression Day +79 Terms x Factors -2 x ¥ yyy Note : In the tree diagram, we have used dotted lines for factors and continuous lines for terms.Coefficients The coefficient of a term of an algebraic expression may be numerical or variable factor or both. Example : In the term 5x, the numerical coefficient of x is 5 and variable coefficient of 5 is x. In 5x, 5 is the coefficient of the term also. When the coefficient of a term is +1, it is usually omitted. Example : In xy? + 6, the coefficient of 2°y? is 1. Note : The coefficient — 1 is indicated only by the negative sign. Example : ~ 13° is written as ~ 22. Like and Unlike Terms ‘The terms having the same variable factors are called like terms. Like terms may differ in their numerical coefficients. Example : In the expression 3xy ~ 4x + 5yx + 7, the factors of 3xy are 3, x and y. The factors of 5yx are 5, y and x. Thus, their algebraic factors (ie., those contains variabies) are same. Therefore, 3xy and Syx are like terms. ‘The terms not having same variable factors (ie., having different variable factors) are called unlike terms. Example : In the expression 3xy ~ 4x + 5yx + 7, 3xy and ~ 4x have different algebraic factors. Similarly, 5yx and 7 have different algebraic factors. Hence, 3xy and —4x are unlike terms. 5yx and 7 are also unlike terms. TYPES OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS Name Condition Examples 1. Monomial [Contains only one term. |x, 3x, ~Sxy, 4xy, abc, -9 2. Binomial —_|Contains two terms. X= 5, 2 + 3y, 7-7, 4x -y 3. Trinomial [Contains three terms. Op +223, xty-5, 2yzt6+ x 4. Quadrinomial |Contains four terms. 22+ 2+ aye + ID MHD, xt yt 2-6 5. Polynomial _|Contains one or more terms. | Monomials, Binomials, Trinomials 6. Multinomial |Contains two or more terms. | Binomials, Trinomials, Quadrinomials Note : In a polynomial, a variable cannot appear in the denominator. Exaupie 3: Write the coefficient of (i) xin xy (i) xyz in ~Laye (iii) x in -xyz Sowtion: (i) — 2xy = — 2y (x) Hence, the coefficient of x in —2ry is —2y. (i) Zaye = ~Zeayey A 7 Hence, the coefficient of xyz in —5%2 is ~5. (iii) ~ xyz = - yz (a) Hence, the coefficient of x in ~xyz is ~yz.Exampte 4: Sowwtion : Exampie 5 : Exampte 6 : SowwTion : Exampue 7: SowwTion : Write the numerical coefficient of : Oy (i) - 3xy (iti) — 9abe (io) — 5xyz @) xy = 1Gy) The numerical coefficient of xy is 1. (i) - 3xy = - 3@y) « The numerical coefficient of ~ 3xy is -3. (iii) ~ 9abe = ~ 9(abe) ©. The numerical coefficient of - 9abe is -9. (iv) - Suy7z = ~ 5(xy’2) ‘The numerical coefficient of ~ 5xy"z is ~ 5. Write the constant term of the following polynomials %, Yaad () -2"-9 (i) 2? - 5x +6 (i) # +ab-5 (i) The constant term in ~ 2x ~ 9 is ~ 9, (i) The constant term in 2x? ~ 5x + 6 is 6. 2 5 5 (ii The constant term in a +ab—> is —> State whether the given pair of terms are like or unlike terms : 3 @ we (i) 12ab,120°? (iti), -7x,-7y (io) 8xy,12yx (i) Factors of - 4x = - 4, x 2 we Factors of 5x = 5, x 3 Since ~ 4x and. * have same variable factor x, therefore they are like terms. (if) Factors of 12ab = 12, a, b Factors of 120°? = 12, a, a, b, b Since variable factors are different, 12ab and 120°” are unlike terms. (iii) Factors of - 7x = = 7, x Factors of - 7y=- 7, y Since variable factors are different, -7x and —7y are unlike terms. (iv) Factors of 8xy = 8, x, y Factors of 12yx = 12, y, x Since variable factors are same, 8xy and 12yx are like terms. Identify the monomials, binomials, trinomials and quadrinomials in the following : () ety (i) 2x7 +4y-6 (iii) — 5° (iv) x-3 (@) 9x'-arte — (Pi) abe (ii) P+y'+z°-6 (vill) Oxy (iy? (@) 3y-1 (xi) x-y-2z Gi) 7+4x7y’z The monomials have only one term. So, (iif) - 5x°, (vi) 2abe, (viii) 6xy and (ix) x” are monomials.The binomials have two terms. So, (i) x+y, (io) x-3, (®) 3x-1 and (aii) 7+4x*y*z are binomials. The trinomials have three terms. So, (ii) 2x7 +4y-6, (2) 9x" -ax+e and (xi) x-y—2z are trinomials. The quadrinomials have four terms. So, (vii) 2 +y? +26 a quadrinomial Exaupte 8: Write the following cases in the form of algebraic expressions using numbers, Sowwtion : variables and signs of basic operations (The sum of number 7 and x. “ieugrren ime! (i One-third of x. Q. What do you call a bird that (iii) One-fourth of the sum of a and b. doesn't eat? (iv) 3 less than the difference of mand m. |. Polynomial (Poly no meal) (v) 2 less than the quotient of x and y. a4 = (i) The sum of number 7 and x means 7 is added to x, ie, x +7. (ii) One-third of x means 3 is multiplied to x, ie., frst (iii) Sum of a and b= a+b 1 One-fourth of the sum of a and b = 3 of (a+b) = gx(a+b) = tary (iv) Difference of mand n= m —n 3 less than the difference of m and n= (m -n) - 3 (0) The quotient of x and y 2 less than the quotient of x and y = () 2 y Exampue 9: Change the following algebraic expressions to statements in words. Sowution : 3 @) 3@+y) (ij zxx (i) FOOD) (i) Three times the sum of variables x and y. (i) Product of variables z and x. (iii) Three-fourths of the sum of variables x and y. Use Cordova Smart Class Software on the smart board in class to do all the Exercises. (According to NEP Guidelines) (Understanding, Analysing) | 1. Choose the correct options oO Which one of the following statements is true about the expression given below? 14mm? — 17 nt? + An? — 15lm? — (6m — 10n? + 18P me) — 12m? (a) The simplified form is a trinomial -59m°1 — 1m + 1dr? (b) The simplified form is a trinomial ~35m"l — 23m? + 6n?. (9) The simplified form is a polynomial -29nP'l ~ 23m? = 6n? + 6Pnt. (d) The simplified form is a polynomial -29m'l = 11m? + 14x? — 30Pm?.(i) Assertion (A) : The expression 3x + y + z is a linear polynomial. Reason (R) : A linear polynomial has degree 2. (@ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (®) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (Ais true but R is false (@ A is false but R is true. 2. Write all the terms of each of the following algebraic expressions © 5x4 -3x9 42x47 Gi) a +0? + 2ab (ii) @? ~ab+ 8° (2) 12x +5x-8 (2) 3x°-7x7y +7 (vi) 4° y? -7xy 44 3. Write the constant terms in the following expressions : 2 a 1 A @ 2-8 (i xt -4e42 (ii) x+y (i) 3x°-5x-3 4, Identify the monomials, binomials, trinomials and quadrinomials from the following expressions : @ @-0 Gi) 78 Gi) ax’ -bx-c (i) xyz (0) 7x" (oi) 2x+3 (oi) P4y¥-241 (vil) Gab? (x) 2x? 5x47 (@) 30-20 5. Write the coefficient of x in each of the following @ 2% (i) 15xy* (iii) (i) 7- 7 5 @ ~Fe @) ~St7 (vii) dry? +2y*z (Wii) — oxy? 6. Identify the like terms in the following () 3x, ¥,-2,27 (ii) 2ab, be, 6a, — Abe (ili) 3x*z,-437y, -6yx*,x7y” (iv) x?yz, yz”, 2x7y, xy*z, 6xyz? 7. Give the algebraic expressions in the following cases using variables, constants and arithmetic operations (). Sum of the squares of x and y. (ii) Product of x and y subtracted from 9. (iii) 5 less than the product of x and y7. (i) Number 8 added to twice the product of x and y. (0) 6 added to the difference of x and 2y. (vi) 7 added to x multiplied by itself. Logical Reasoning Consider the two expressions given below. P : The product of : and b. Q:: The sum of 5 times b cubed and b squared. Which of these statements is not correct? (@) Expression P formed is a monomial, (b) Expression Q formed is a binomial. (€) The sum of expressions P and Q is a trinomial. (a) The difference of expressions P and Q is not a polynomial.DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL The highest power of the variable in a polynomial is called its degree. If a polynomial consists of more than one variable, then the sum of the powers of variables in its different terms determine its degree. The degree of the polynomial in such case is the highest sum of the powers. Case 1: Polynomial with only one variable i.e, 7x? + dx + 6. This is a polynomial in one variable ie., x and the highest power of x is 2. Hence, the degree of the polynomial is 2. Case 2 : Polynomial with more than one variable, ie, 8xty + 3xy + 4x°y Here, degree of term 8x°y = 2 + 1 = 3, degree of term 3xy = 1 + 1 = 2 and degree of term axye= 3+ Since the highest degree is 5. ’, therefore 5 is the degree of the polynomial. TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS Name Condition Examples 3 1. Linear polynomial Degree ‘1" 2x43, Su Sy 47 2. Quadratic polynomial Degree x? +5x-6,2x* -7,xy +2x-6 3. Cubic polynomial Degree ‘3° xy ¢2xy—5, 2° — 5x? +6, 6x° -7 ExaupLe 10: Write the degree of the following polynomials : SowwTion : (i) =x +5. (ii) 4x? y+ Sxy-4x (iii) 3x* -2xy? - 5xy (In polynomial —x* +5x, highest power is 2, hence, its degree is 2. (ii) In polynomial 4x7y+5xy—4x, there are two variables, x and y. Degree of the term 4xy is 2+ 1 =. Degree of the term Sxy is 1+1=2. Degree of the term —4x is 1 Since highest degree is 3, therefore degree of the polynomial is 3. (iii) In polynomial 3x? -2xy? ~Sxy, the term having highest degree is -2xy? whose degree is 1 + 2 = 3. Hence, degree of the polynomial is 3. Exauete 11: Name the following expressions on the basis of number of terms and degree of the polynomials 1 () 6x2 +2e-5 (i) 33-6 (iii) 4° (i) The algebraic expression 6x*+2x-5 has three terms, 6x", 2x and -5, therefore, it is a trinomial. The degree of the polynomial is 2, hence it is a quadratic polynomial . 1 1 ti (i The algebraic expression >x—6 has two terms, +x and ~ 6, therefore, it is a binomial. The degree of the polynomial is 1, herice it is a linear polynomial. (iii) The algebraic expression 40°b has only one term, therefore, it is a monomial. The degree of the polynomial is 2 + 1 = 3, hence it is a cubic polynomial.FINDING THE VALUE OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION We know that an algebraic expression contains one or more terms. Each term further contains one or more variables and some numerical coefficients. If the values of all variables are known, then on putting the values of these variables in the given expression, we obtain an arithmetic expression which gives the value of the expression on simplification. The process of replacing the variables by their numerical values is called substitution. Exapue 12: If x = 1, y=3 and z =~ 1, find the value of () Sx+3y-mye (i) 2x -7'y +? (iii) 4x°y+3xz-10 Sownon: (i) Sx+3y-xyz = 5(1) + 33) - (1G) = 5 +9 +3 =17 (ii) 2x? -7x°y +2? -6 = (1) - 7(1)' (3) + (AP -6 =2-21+1-6=3-27=-24 (iif) 4x*y+3xz-10 = 4(1)%8) + 3()C1) - 10 = 12-3 10 = 12-13 =-1 Exampce 13: Ifa = - 2, b = -3 and c =~ 4, evaluate the following @) @+h-e (ii) ab ~ Git) a+ B+ 2 + Babe Souution: (i) wc = C2 + 3% 444944217 (ii) ab — (— 2)(- 3) -(- 4) = 6 +4=10 (i) a +b +e +3abe = (- 2) + (3) + C4) + 3-2) 3) 4) 8 - 27 - 64 + 3(- 24) 8-27 -64-72=-171 Exampte 14: If x =-1,y=2andz 2, evaluate : (i) xP=2y? +428 (fi) Bx°y + Say? + 2ayz Sowution: (i) x? = 2y? +429 = (-1)° - 2(2)'+ 4(- 2) = 1 - 2(4) + 4-8) =1-8-32+1-40=~39 M- 1)°2) + 5 12+ 2A- 1))(- 2) = 3(1)2) + (- 5)(4) +8 = 6 - 2048 = 14-20 (ii) 3x?y+Sxy? +2xyz Critical Thinking MB———————— ——————~~~~~~ ~~~ (ety? -ay ty’) ray Evaluate the expression for x= Land y = 2 (According to NEP Guidelines) 1. Choose the correct options (0. The value of the expression, 2(31 — m2) + 2mx n°, is 13. If m =—2 and n = 3, what is the value of x? @-8 ® 3 ©@1 @ 3 axy + byz+ oxy (ii) Which one of the following is the value of the expression - axtby +41 ifa=1,b=2,c=-1,x=-1,y=2, and z=3? (12 ® 10 (oO 13 @u2. Write the degree of the following polynomials: 2 432 1 () 6xy +9xy? -2y? +x (i) aw +70%-1 iil) 7X +BY Ort Sy 22 are e (i) Gx +7 y tory 5 (0) 3x7 =4y? +2x°y—6x (oi) 15x? -2xy+7x? 3, Name the following expressions on the basis of number of terms and degree of polynomials. 1,2 @ 7 (i) 0-9 ii) 545Y (iv) x 45x-11 () -7x?-x (vi) -9x*y 4. Classify the following as linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials () 6u+3b-c (i) 4x? = 2xy + ¥* (iii) 8 - xy +7 2 (47x? - 5x42 (%) 3x7 @i) 7x 5. Evaluate each of the following algebraic expressions, if x =~ 1, y= 2, z= () 2x- (i) 2ay? -3ye4 x2? (Gi) qc 3 (fo) 2x+3y-52 () 544x9-227 6. In the following polynomials, find the degree and like terms : (Sx? -2x°yt yh toy?) 3x8 + 7x- 4x" -x +x (iti) Axy + 6xy? + 9yx-6 (iv) x? -3y 42x? tay +4 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS We know that, an algebraic expression consists of like and unlike terms. The addition or subtraction of algebraic expressions means adding or subtracting like terms. Examples: (i) 5x + 9x = (6 + 9)x = 14x (i) 17x ~ 8x = (17 - 8x = 9x The sum of two or more like terms is a like term whose numerical coefficient is the sum of numerical coefficients of the given like terms. Similarly, the difference of two like terms is a like term whose numerical coefficient is the difference of numerical coefficients of the given like terms. Note : Unlike terms cannot be added or subtracted the way like terms are added or subtracted. Addition or subtraction of algebraic expressions can be done in two ways. Horizontal method : In this method, expressions are written in a row (horizontal line), then the terms are arranged in group of like terms and then added or subtracted. Column method : In this method, each expression is written in a separate row such that their like terms are arranged one below the other in a column. Then the terms are added or subtracted columnwise taking care of the signs. Exampue 15 : Add : (i) 2x+3y+4zand 5x+3y +62 (ii) 2x? 44y?, x7 4 5y? and 3x7 +2?Sowtion: (i) Horizontal Method : Column method: — 2x+3y+4z (2x+3y+4z)+(5x+3y+6z) + Sx+3y +62 : ae + 3y) + (Az + 62) 7x4 6y +102 (i) Horizontal Method : Column method; 2x? +4y? iG? (2x? + 4y?) + (7 +5y?) + (3x? +2y") + 2 + 3x? 4 2y? = (2x? +27 +3n7) + (4y? + 5y? +2y*) ——— : + 6x? + 11y? = 6x7 +11y? ye Exampce 16 : Subtract : (i) 2x = 3y from 4x - 5y (i) @ + b = 3c from 2c = a -2b Sowwtion: (i) Horizontal method : Column method : 4x—5Sy (4x—5y)-(2x-3y) = 4x—5y-2x43y + 2x7 3y = (4x—2x) +(3y—5y) a do 2x-2y = 2x+(-2y) we = 2x-2y (i) Horizontal method : Column method = (2c-a-2b)—(a+b~3c) 2¢~a~2b=~a~2b+2e = 2c-a-2b-a-b+3e ~ a-2b+2c = (2c43¢)+(-a—a)+(-2b-b) neues = 5e+(-20)+(-30) -2a-3b +5¢ = -2a-3b+5e Note : Subtracting a term is the same as adding its inverse. Exampie 17 : From the sum of 3x*—6x+8 and -4x*+7x~6, subtract 6x7 +5x-+4. Sowution : Sum of 3x°-6x+8 and —4x7+7x-6 (3x? 6x +8) + (4x? + 7-6) = (3x? 42°) + (6x +72) + (8-6) =v x42 From (=x? +x+2), we have to subtract (6x? +5x+4) (-¥2 +.x42)-(6x7 +5x4+4) =- 27 +x +2-6x7-5x-4 = (-x7 = 6x7) +(x 5x) + (2-4) = 7x? —4x-2 Exampte 18 : What should be subtracted from p*-7q’ +5p-7 to get q°-2p-6? Sowvrion: Let X to be subtracted, then (p-7q° +5p-7)-X =q°—2p-6 X = (p74 + 5p—7)—(q" ~2p-6) = p74? +5p-7-4 +2p+6= po +(-7q"—q°)+ (Sp + 2p)+(-7 +6) (Collecting like terms together) = p+ (-8q) +7 p+ (-1) = po -8q? +7p—1 Hence, p? ~8q +7p~Ishould be subtracted. (According to NEP Guidelines) | (Understanding) 1, Add the following algebraic expressions. (i) t= Ate, 26 + 6tz (iii) 5x — 7y, 3y - 4x + 2, 2x - 3xy - 5 () 3x +11 +82, 5x-7 (vii) x-yy-z2-% 2. Subtract : (i) = 5x? from x2 (iii) 2 + Sxy + 4 from 4x2 - 3xy + 8 (@) 4pq - 59? - 3p? from Sp? + 2q° - pq (ii) Zxy, Bxy, Bxy, ~ 2xy (io) me? — WP 1, ® 1 — mt, 1 me (oi) ab + ab + ab?, -ab + 2ba + 20°? (ii) (@ = b) from (a +b) (io) 5x2 — xy + 5y? from 3xy ~ 2x? - 247 (vi) x2 + 10x = 5 from 5x = 10 3. What should be subtracted from 7x ~ 8y to get x+y + 2? 4, What should be added to 2p + 6 to get 3p -q + 6? (concert MAP 2 aN an algebraic expression. Algebraic Expression A combination of constants and variables connected by some or all of the four fundamental operations is called oc. 4 Terms ‘The different parts of an algebraic expression separated by the sign + or ~ are called the terms of anexpression. ‘The terms having the same variable factors | |are called like terms. The terms not having, |_| same variable factorsare called unlike terms. Types of Algebraic Expressions 1. Monomial —Containsonly one term. 2. Binomial —Contains two terms. 3. Trinomial— Contains three terms. 4, Quadrinomial - Contains four terms. 5. Polynomial Contains one or moreterms. 6. Multinomial—Containstwoormore terms. | | Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic |_| Expressions The addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions means adding or subtracting like terms, The sum (or difference) of two or more like termsis alike term whose numerical coefficient| is the sum (or difference) of numerical coefficients ofthe given like terms. Degree of a Polynomial The highest power of the variable in a polynomial is called itsdegree. Types of Polynomials 1. Linear Polynomial : degree = 2. Quadratic Polynomial :degree=2 3. Cubic Polynomial :degree=3.Mental Maths Corner M- Fill in the blank: 1. A symbol which takes various numerical values is called a 2. The terms not having same variable factors are called 3. The degree of non-zero constant polynomial is .. 4, A linear polynomial is a polynomial of degree 5. A polynomial of degree three is called a 6. A binomial has .. . terms. 7. Review E: [EX Multiple Choice Questions : 1. The degree of the polynomial ab + 6ab? + 52°b? is (According to NEP Guidelines) (Understanding, Applying, Analysing) @ 3 ®2 (5 @1 2. The value of expression — for x = -2 is 7 wo o 3 (4) infinite 3. The statement, “4 times a number p is added to 3 times a number q” is expressed in algebraic expression as, (@) (+p)++q) — @) 4p+3q (9 3p+4q (@) None of these 4, The expression 22—5x+7y is a (@) binomial () trinomial (c) monomial (a) cubic polynomial 5. Coefficient of x° in -5x* is (a) 5x ) (0) -Sx @) 6. 7¢y isa (a) cubic polynomial (®) quadratic polynomial (© linear polynomial (@) none of these 7. If p =-10, then p* ~ 2p + 100 is @ 20 - 20 (©) 180 @ -20 [ilAssertion Reason Based : In the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answers to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (6) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (co) Ais true but R is false. (@)_ A is false but R is true. 1. Assertion (A) : The expression 2xy + 3 is in two variables. Reason (R): The variables in the expression 2xy + 3 are 2 and 3.2. Assertion (A) : 2x° + 3x2 + 4x — 2 is a cubic polynomial. Reason (R): It contains 3 terms with variable factors. 3. Assertion (A): The value of x - 2x + 1 when x = 1 is zero. Reason (R): Forx=1,=1=1. 4. Assertion (A) : ab + a + b is a trinomial. Reason (R): —_ An algebraic expression with three terms is called a Solve : 1. Write the degree of the following polynomials @ 6x*y-2x°y? — xy 47 (ii) xyz? +6x7 2. Simplify : 5x7 +7 -2x+3x7 44x41 3. Find the value of the expression © 22 45x-2 forx--3 (i) OS op q=2,b=-1 3 ath 4. Add: (7x 42x? -5x-7 and ~5x7 +x" +4x-5 (i) 3x22 41, 2x and 1434 5. Subtract, () -10x+8y from 2y-5x (ii) 90° -7a? +5a+7 from - 4a? +50? -3a-2 What should be added to 7x*-5r+1 to get -3x° +4x+7? Subtract 2x + 6 from the sum of x? +4x+6 and 8~x? +6x. What should be subtracted from 17x? -8x" +11 to obtain 14x° + 8x7 -5x +6? If P= x°+6, Q= 3x°-x+2 and R = x°-4x, then find P + Q-R. eens 10. Evaluate 7x 2y bay 4a? for x = -1and y=2. Case Based Questions One day Mohit goes to a sports shop. He buys a cricket bat, a ball with a pair of gloves. He also buys a hockey stick and a football for his sister. 1. How much money does he spend in total? 2. If he has % (20x? + 12x — 4) in total in his wallet, how much money is left after buying all those items? Real Life Connect » A taxi service charges %8 per km and levies a fixed charge of 250. Write an algebraic expression for the above situation, if the taxi is hired for x km.Answers Bi Exercise 5.1 LM WO 2. (i) Sx*,-3x*, 2x,7 (ii) (iit) «,—ab, 8 2a (io) 1207, 5x,-8 (0) 3x°,-73°y?,7 (oi) 4x°y?, —7xy,4 74 3. -8U) 5 Gi) F (io) - 4. () binomial (iii) trinomial (2) monomial (vii) quadrinomial (ix) trinomial (i), monomial (i) monomial (vi) binomial (viii) monomial (x) binomial 5-2 Gory Gin ~Z¥e? Gy 3 Za (oi -3y (oil) 4° (itt) - 6y? 6 (ji) be, Abe (ii) 4x y, ~6y3* ‘ye, By; yz? 6xy2? 7% O8sy I Gi) AF-5 (iv) 2xy+8 (@) (x-2y) +6 (vi) P47 Exercise 5.2 LOO WM@ 2 (4 (3 @ip2 ay @4 (3 3. (i) monomial, quadratic polynomial (ii) binomial, linear polynomial © NCERT Exemplar Problems (ii) binomial, linear polynomial (io) trinomial quadratic polynomial (0) trinomial, cubic polynomial (vi) monomial, cubic polynomial. 4. (linear (i) quadratic (iii) cubic (iv) cubic (@) linear ——_(@) cubic 5. () 2 (ii) 0 (i) : @®)7@7 6 (3, (2xy, 6yx’) (ii) 4, (3x, 2°), (7x, - a) (iit) 3, xy, 9yx) (io) 2, (2, 2°) Mental Maths Corner 1. variable 2 unlike terms 3, zero 4. one 5, cubic polynomial 6. two se WF Review Exercise ALQ 2@ 30 40 B® 6@ 7@) BLO 20H 30 4@ C1053 1 1 2 B+ 2x48 3.) - 23.) 1 4 () 8-3-1 12 (i) Sx +2 5. (i) 5x -6y (ii) -13a° + 120 - 8a - 9 6. 10x? + 9x +6 7. 8x+8 8. 3x - 16x? + Sx + 5 9,3 + 3x48 10. -> Exampue : ‘The sum of first m natural numbers is given by da stn Find the sum of first 11 natural numbers. 1.1 So.urion : Sum of first m natural numbers = 57° +57 Lape 1 1 Sum of first 11 natural numbers = 5(11)’ +5(11)=5(121) +> (11) 1 1 (121 +11) = =(132) = 66 (lat +11) = 5132)