Microsoft Office 365 Outlook 2019 Comprehensive Corinne Hoisington Full Chapter

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Brief Contents
Outlook 2019
MODULE 1: Managing Email Messages with Outlook��OUT 1-1
MODULE 2: Managing Calendars with Outlook��OUT 2-1
MODULE 3: M
anaging Contacts and Personal Contact Information
with Outlook��OUT 3-1
MODULE 4: Creating and Managing Tasks with Outlook��OUT 4-1
MODULE 5: Customizing Outlook��OUT 5-1
Index��IND-1
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203 v
Contents
Microsoft Outlook 2019 Identifying Calendar Items OUT 2-4

Navigating the Calendar OUT 2-8
MODULE ONE Creating and Editing Appointments OUT 2-14
Managing Email Messages with Outlook Creating Appointments in the
What Is Outlook? OUT 1-1 Appointment Area OUT 2-14
Project: Composing and Sending Email Messages OUT 1-2 Organizing the Calendar with Color Categories OUT 2-16
Setting Up Outlook OUT 1-3 Creating Appointments Using the Appointment
Parts of an Email Address OUT 1-4 Window OUT 2-19
The Navigation Pane and Navigation Bar OUT 1-6 Setting Appointment Options OUT 2-21
Composing and Sending Email Messages OUT 1-10 Creating Recurring Appointments OUT 2-23
How Email Messages Travel from Sender Using Natural Language Phrasing OUT 2-28
to Receiver OUT 1-14 Editing Appointments OUT 2-30
Working with Incoming Messages OUT 1-15 Scheduling Events OUT 2-32
Opening Attachments OUT 1-17 Scheduling Meetings OUT 2-39
Using the Outlook People Pane OUT 1-20 Printing Calendars in Different Views OUT 2-47
Responding to Messages OUT 1-22 Saving and Sharing the Calendar OUT 2-51
Message Formats OUT 1-25 Summary OUT 2-54
Checking Spelling and Grammar OUT 1-27 Apply Your Knowledge OUT 2-55
Saving and Closing an Email Message OUT 1-29 Extend Your Knowledge OUT 2-56
Organizing Messages with Outlook Folders OUT 1-36 Expand Your World OUT 2-57
Outlook Quick Steps OUT 1-39 In the Lab 1 OUT 2-58
Working with the Mailbox OUT 1-41 In the Lab 2 OUT 2-59
Summary OUT 1-43 In the Lab 3 OUT 2-61
Apply Your Knowledge OUT 1-44
Extend Your Knowledge OUT 1-45 MODULE THREE
Expand Your World OUT 1-46 Managing Contacts and Personal
In the Lab 1 OUT 1-47 Contact Information with Outlook
In the Lab 2 OUT 1-48 Introduction to Outlook Contacts OUT 3-1
In the Lab 3 OUT 1-50 Project: Contact List with Groups OUT 3-1
Creating a Contact List OUT 3-2
MODULE TWO Contacts - Outlook Window OUT 3-3
Managing Calendars with Outlook Editing a Contact OUT 3-8
Introduction to the Outlook Calendar OUT 2-1 Viewing and Sorting a Contact List OUT 3-15
Project: Appointments, Events, and Using Search to Find a Contact OUT 3-17
Meetings in Calendar OUT 2-2 Creating and Editing a Contact Group OUT 3-22
Configuring the Outlook Calendar OUT 2-3 Printing Your Contacts OUT 3-31
Using the Calendar Window OUT 2-3 Summary OUT 3-36
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203 vii
viii Contents Shelly Cashman Series® Microsoft® Office 365® & Outlook® 2019 Comprehensive
Apply Your Knowledge OUT 3-37 In the Lab 1 OUT 4-39

Extend Your Knowledge OUT 3-38 In the Lab 2 OUT 4-40
Expand Your World OUT 3-39 In the Lab 3 OUT 4-41
In the Lab 1 OUT 3-40
In the Lab 2 OUT 3-41 MODULE FIVE
In the Lab 3 OUT 3-42 Customizing Outlook
Introduction to Customizing Outlook OUT 5-1
MODULE FOUR Project: Adding a New Email Account
Creating and Managing Tasks and Customizing Options OUT 5-1
with Outlook Adding New Email Accounts OUT 5-2
Introduction to Outlook Tasks OUT 4-1 Customizing Email Messages OUT 5-4
Project: Managing Tasks OUT 4-1 Creating Signatures and Stationery OUT 5-12
Creating a Task OUT 4-2 Managing Junk Email Options OUT 5-22
To-Do List Window OUT 4-3 Working with Rules OUT 5-25
Creating a To-Do List OUT 4-3 Customizing the Calendar OUT 5-34
Categorizing Tasks OUT 4-13 Working with RSS Feeds OUT 5-39
Categorizing Email Messages OUT 4-20 Summary OUT 5-43
Managing Tasks OUT 4-22 Apply Your Knowledge OUT 5-44
Choosing Display and Print Views OUT 4-31 Extend Your Knowledge OUT 5-45
Using Notes OUT 4-32 Expand Your World: Cloud and Web Technologies OUT 5-46
Summary OUT 4-35 In the Labs OUT 5-47
Apply Your Knowledge OUT 4-36
Index IND-1
Extend Your Knowledge OUT 4-37
Expand Your World OUT 4-38
1 Managing Email
Messages with Outlook
Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
• Add a Microsoft account to Outlook • Check spelling as you type an email
message
• Set language preferences and Sensitivity
levels • Attach a file to an outgoing email
message
• Apply a theme
• Forward an email message
• Compose, address, and send an email
message • Copy another person when sending an
email message
• Open, read, print, and close an email
message • Create and move messages into a folder
• Preview and save a file attachment • Delete an email message
• Display the People Pane • View the mailbox size
• Reply to an email message
What Is Outlook?
The Office application, Microsoft Outlook, helps you organize and manage your
communications, contacts, schedules, and tasks. Email (short for electronic mail) is the
transmission of messages and files between computers or smart devices over a network.
An email client, such as Microsoft Outlook, is an app that allows you to compose, send,
receive, store, and delete email messages. Outlook can access mail servers in a local
network, such as your school’s network, or on a remote network, such as the Internet.
Finally, you can use Outlook to streamline your messages so that you easily can find and
respond to them later.
To use Outlook, you must have an email account. An email account is an electronic
mailbox you receive from an email service provider, which is an organization that
provides servers for routing and storing email messages. Your employer or school could
set up an email account for you, or you can do so yourself through your Internet service
provider (ISP) or using a web application such as a Microsoft account, Google Gmail,
Yahoo! Mail, or iCloud Mail. Outlook does not create or issue email accounts; it merely
provides you with access to them. When you have an email account, you also have an
email address, which identifies your email account on a network so you can send and
receive email messages.
Project: Composing and Sending Email
Messages
The project in this module follows the general guidelines for using Outlook to
compose, open, and reply to email messages, as shown in Figure 1–1. To communicate
with individuals and groups, you typically send or receive some kind of message.
Texting, tweeting, and email are examples of ways to communicate a message. Email
is a convenient way to send information to multiple people at once.
(a) Compose a Message
michaeljung/Shutterstock.com
(b) Display the Inbox
(c) Reply and Attach a File to a Message
Figure 1–1
Jackson Torborg, an intern at the Disrupt Rockland Code Squad, uses Outlook
to connect with the youth in the Rockland area to educate them about career pathways
in coding. This module uses Microsoft Outlook to compose, send, read, reply to, and
forward email messages regarding an upcoming field trip to a major tech company.
OUT 1-2
Jackson has been asked by Dr. Chloe Pauley, the director of Disrupt Rockland, to
coordinate the tech giant field trip. Using Outlook, Jackson reads email messages
from his director and local youth regarding the field trip and coding workshop
opportunities. He replies to email messages and includes a document containing a flyer
about the field trip. To organize messages, he also creates folders and then stores the
messages in those folders.
In this module, you will learn how to perform basic email messaging tasks. You
will perform the following general activities as you progress through this module:
1. Configure the account options.
2. Compose and send an email message.
3. View and print an email message.
4. Reply to an email message.
5. Attach a file to an email message.
6. Organize email messages in folders.
To Start Outlook
If you are using a computer to step through the project in this module and you
want your screens to match the figures in this book, you should change your screen’s
resolution to 1366 × 768.
The following steps, which assume Windows 10 is running, use the Start menu
to start Outlook based on a typical installation. You may need to ask your instructor
how to start Outlook on your computer.
1 Click the Start button on the Windows 10 taskbar to display the Start menu.
2 Scroll to and then click Outlook in the apps list to run Outlook.
3 If the Outlook window is not maximized, click the Maximize button on its title bar to
maximize the window.
Setting Up Outlook
Many computer users have an email account from an online email service provider
such as Outlook.com or Gmail.com and another email account at work or school. You
can add many types of email accounts to Outlook, including an Office 365 account
as shown in Figure 1–2, and Gmail, Yahoo, iCloud, and Exchange accounts. Instead
of using a web app for your online email account and another app for your school
account, you can use the Outlook client (installed version of Outlook) to access all of
your email messages in a single location. Outlook provides cloud storage for storing
information like emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks. When you access your email in
Outlook, you can take advantage of a full set of features that include social networking,
translation services, and having Outlook read your email aloud to you. You can read
your downloaded messages offline and set options to organize your messages in a way
that is logical and convenient for you.
OUT 1-3
OUT 1-4 Outlook Module 1 Managing Email Messages with Outlook
What should you do if you do not have an email address?

CONSIDER THIS
Use a browser such as Microsoft Edge to go to the Outlook.com or Gmail.com website. Look for a Create an Account link or
button, click it, and then follow the instructions to create an account, which includes creating an email address.
Enter an
email address
Figure 1–2
Parts of an Email Address

An email address is divided into two parts. The first part contains a user name,
which is a combination of characters that identifies a specific user. The last part is a
domain name, which is the name associated with a specific Internet address and is
assigned by your email service provider. A user name must be different from other user
names in the same domain. For example, the outlook.com domain can have only one
user named Jackson.Torborg. An email address contains an @ (pronounced at) symbol
to separate the user name from the domain name. Figure 1–3 shows an email address
for Jackson Torborg, which would be read as Jackson dot Torborg at outlook dot com.
jackson.torborg@outlook.com
user name domain name
Figure 1–3
To Add an Email Account

You can add one or more of your email accounts to Outlook. For most accounts,
Outlook automatically detects and configures the account after you type your name,
email address, and password. Add an email account to Outlook when you are working
on your personal or home computer only. You do not want your personal information
or email messages on a public computer. Although most people add an email account
the first time Outlook runs, you can add email accounts at any time. This module
Managing Email Messages with Outlook Outlook Module 1 OUT 1-5
Outlook Module 1
assumes you already set up an email account in Outlook. If you choose to add an email BTW
account to Outlook, you would use the following steps. The Ribbon and
Screen Resolution
1. Click the File tab, and then click Add Account. Outlook may change how the
2. Click the Email Address text box, and then type your full email address to groups and buttons within the
groups appear on the ribbon,
associate your email address with the account. depending on the computer
3. Click the Connect button and then select the type of account, such as Outlook. or mobile device’s screen
resolution. Thus, your ribbon
com, in the Advanced setup window.
may look different from the
4. Click the Password text box, and then type your password to verify the password ones in this book if you are
to your email account. using a screen resolution
other than 1366 × 768.
5. Click the Retype Password text box, and then type your password again to
confirm your password.
6. Click the Finish button to add your email account.
To Change from the Simplified Ribbon to the Classic Ribbon You may see a
When you first open Microsoft Outlook, the Simplified ribbon (single-row) different ribbon using
is displayed to dedicate more screen space to viewing your email than the traditional Office 2019 rather
Classic ribbon as shown in Figure 1–4. The Simplified ribbon includes the most than Office 365.
frequently used features. You can expand it to access the full set of commands on the
Classic three-line ribbon. This module uses the full Classic ribbon. If you need to
change the Simplified ribbon to Classic ribbon, you would use the following steps.
1. Click the Switch Ribbons arrow on the right side of the Simplified ribbon to
display the Classic ribbon.
Switch Ribbons
arrow
(a) Simplified Ribbon
(b) Classic Ribbon Switch Ribbons

arrow
Figure 1–4
How do you remove an email account in Outlook?

CONSIDER THIS
• Click the File tab on the ribbon.

• Click the Account Settings button, and then click Account Settings to display the Account Settings dialog box.
• Click the account you want to remove, and then click Remove.
• In the Account Settings dialog box, click the Yes button.
The Navigation Pane and Navigation Bar

The Navigation pane appears on the left side of the Outlook window and is how
you switch between the different areas of Outlook, such as Mail, Calendar, Contacts,
Tasks, and Notes. The lower-left corner of the screen provides a Navigation bar that
displays small icons representing Mail, Calendar, Contacts, and Tasks as shown in
Figure 1–5.
Navigation
pane
Navigation
bar
Tasks
Mail
People
Calendar Figure 1–5
If the left pane in your Outlook window is not expanded as it is in Figure 1–5,
click the Expand the Folder Pane button, which is a small arrow button to the left of
today’s date in the Outlook window.
To Open an Outlook Data File

Microsoft Outlook uses a special file format called a personal storage table (.pst file) to save your email
files, calendar entries, and contacts. The email messages with which you work in this module are stored in a
personal storage table file named SC_OUT_1-1.pst, which is located with the Data Files. To complete this
assignment, you will be required to use the Data Files. Please contact your instructor for information about
accessing the Data Files. In this example, SC_OUT_1-1.pst contains a Jackson mailbox and is located in the
Module folder in the Outlook1 folder in the Data Files folder. The following steps open the SC_OUT_1-1
.pst file in Outlook, display the Inbox for the Jackson mailbox, and then make your Jackson mailbox match the
figures in this module. Why? Importing a .pst file allows you to move your email and other Outlook information to
another computer.
Outlook Module 1
1 Open & Backstage view
Export tab
• Click File on the
ribbon to open
Backstage view. Note: To help you locate screen
Open gallery elements that are referenced in the
step instructions, such as buttons and
• Click the Open commands, this book uses red boxes to
& Export tab in point to these screen elements.
Backstage view to
display the Open
gallery (Figure 1–6).
Open Outlook
Data File
Figure 1–6
2
• Click Open Outlook Data File to
display the Open Outlook Data
File dialog box.
• Navigate to the mailbox location
(in this case, the Module folder in Module folder
the Outlook1 folder in the Data

Files folder) (Figure 1–7).
SC_OUT_1-1.pst file
Open button
Figure 1–7
3
• Click SC_OUT_1-1.pst to select the file, and then click OK (Open Outlook Data File dialog box) to open the mailbox
in your Outlook window.
• If necessary, click the white triangle next to the Outlook Data File mailbox in the Navigation pane to expand the
folders.
• Click the Inbox folder below the Outlook Data File heading in the Navigation pane to view Jackson’s Inbox
(Figure 1–8).
What is the Inbox?

Q&A
The Inbox is the Outlook folder that contains incoming email messages.
The contact photo shown in Figure 1–8 does not appear in my Outlook window. What should I do?
Outlook needs to synchronize the contact photos with the email addresses in the Jackson mailbox. Click the Close
button to close Outlook, restart it, and then expand the Outlook Data File in the Navigation pane to have the
photos appear. You also might need to import the Data File rather than opening it. In Step 2 on this page, click
Import/Export instead of Open Outlook Data File. The pictures are also part of the student files.
Inbox – Outlook
Data File – Outlook
File tab Inbox folder window
title bar
ribbon
InfoBar
Mail
folder
pane;
the order
and
names
of your
folders
may
differ
message list; your
messages might show
dates instead of times
Navigation pane
Mail
button
Navigation pane message pane

Figure 1–8
How do I change the language preferences, for example from Spanish to English?
CONSIDER THIS
• Click File on the ribbon to open Backstage view.

• Click the Options tab in Backstage view to display the Outlook Options dialog box.
• In the left pane, click Language (Outlook Options dialog box) to display the Language options.
• Click the ‘[Add additional editing languages]’ arrow to display a list of editing languages that can be added to Outlook.
• If necessary, scroll the list and then click English (United States) to set the default editing language. Otherwise, click the ‘[Add
additional editing languages]’ arrow again to close the list.
To Set the Sensitivity Level for All New Messages

The Sensitivity level of a message advises the recipient on how to treat the contents of the message.
Sensitivity levels are Normal, Personal, Private, and Confidential. Changing the Sensitivity setting in the
Outlook Options dialog box changes the default Sensitivity level of all messages created afterward. Why? For
example, if you set the Sensitivity level of a message to Confidential, the information should not be disclosed to anyone except
the recipient. The following steps set the default Sensitivity level.
Outlook Module 1
1 Backstage
view
• Click File on the ribbon to open
Backstage view (Figure 1–9).
Options tab
ArtOfPhotos/Shutterstock.com
Figure 1–9
2
• Click the Options tab in Backstage view to display the Outlook Options dialog box.
• In the left pane, click Mail (Outlook Options dialog box) to display the Mail options.
• Drag the scroll bar to display the Send messages area (Figure 1–10).
Mail Outlook Options

category dialog box
Send
messages ‘Default Sensitivity
area level’ arrow
Figure 1–10
3
• Click the ‘Default Sensitivity level’
arrow to display a list of Sensitivity
levels (Figure 1–11).
4 Normal sensitivity
• If necessary, click Normal to set level set by default
the default Sensitivity level of all

new messages.
• Click OK to close the Outlook
Options dialog box.
OK button
Figure 1–11
Composing and Sending Email Messages

Composing an email message is the most frequent personal and business task you
perform in Microsoft Outlook. Composing an email message consists of four basic
steps: open a new message window, enter message header information, enter the
message text, and add a signature. When composing an email message, it is best to
keep your message text concise and to the point. If you must write a longer, detailed
message, break up your message into bullet points or into separate emails each with a
clear summary of action.
An email message is organized into two areas: the message header and the
message area. The information in the message header routes the message to its
recipients and identifies the subject of the message. The message header identifies
the primary recipient(s) in the To box. If you have multiple recipients in the To box,
you can separate each email address with a semicolon. Recipients in the Cc (courtesy
copy or carbon copy) and Bcc (blind courtesy copy) boxes, if displayed, also receive the
message; however, the names of the recipients in the Bcc box are not visible to other
recipients. The subject line states the purpose of the message.
The message area, where you type an email message, consists of a greeting line
or salutation, the message text, an optional closing, and one or more signature lines as
shown in Table 1–1.
Outlook Module 1
Table 1–1 Message Area Parts
Part Description
Greeting line or salutation Sets the tone of the message and can be formal or informal, depending on the
nature of the message. You can use a colon (:) or comma (,) at the end of the
greeting line.
Message text Informs the recipient or requests information.
Closing Informs the recipient or requests information. A closing line is an end to the
message using courtesy words such as Thank you or Regards. Because the
closing is most appropriate for formal email messages, it is optional.
Signature line(s) Identifies the sender and may contain additional information, such as a job
title, business name, and phone number(s). In a signature, the name usually is
provided on one line followed by other information listed on separate lines.
To Compose an Email Message

An email message from Jackson Torborg, the intern at Disrupt Rockland Code Squad, requests
information about the tech field trip from the director named Chloe Pauley. The following steps compose
a new email message. Why? Composing email messages is a direct and efficient method to connect with personal and
professional contacts.
1 Untitled – Message (HTML) window
• Click the New Email

button (Home tab |
New group) New
to open the Email
button
Untitled –
Message (HTML)
window
(Figure 1–12).
insertion point
in To text box
Figure 1–12
2
• Type chloe
.pauley@outlook
.com (with no
spaces) in the To
text box to enter the
email address of the
recipient.
• Click the Subject text recipient email address
box, and then type

Tech Giant Field
Trip to enter the email message subject line
subject line.
• Press tab to move
the insertion point
into the message
area (Figure 1–13). message area
insertion point
Figure 1–13
3
• Type Dear Ms.
Pauley, as the
greeting line.
• Press enter to move
the insertion point
to the beginning of
the next line.
• Press enter again
to insert a blank
line between the greeting line
greeting line and
the message text
blank line inserted
(Figure 1–14).
My message text
Q&A
insertion point
includes paragraph
and space marks.
Figure 1–14
How can I hide
them?
Click Format Text on the ribbon, and then click the Show/Hide button (Format Text tab | Paragraph group) to hide
the paragraph and space marks.
4
• Type Please send
me the details
about the Tech
Giant Field Trip
event so I can
begin inviting
our local youth.
to enter the message
text.
• Press enter two times
to insert a blank line
below the message
text (Figure 1–15).
blank line inserted
message
text
insertion point
Figure 1–15
5
• Type Thanks, to enter the closing for the message.
• Press enter to move the insertion point to the next line.
• Type Jackson Torborg as the first line of the signature.
• Press enter to move the insertion point to the next line.
• Type Disrupt Rockland Code Squad as the second line of the signature.
Outlook Module 1
• Press enter to move
the insertion point
to the next line.
• Type Intern as
the third line of
the signature
(Figure 1–16).
closing
signature lines
Figure 1–16
Other Ways
1. Click Inbox folder, press ctrl+n
To Apply a Theme
An Outlook theme can give an email message instant style and personality. Each theme provides a unique
set of colors, fonts, and effects. The following steps apply a theme to the message. Why? Themes give your
organization’s communications a modern, professional look using subtle styles.
1
• Click Options on the ribbon to display the Options tab.
• Click the Themes button (Options tab | Themes group) to display the Themes gallery (Figure 1–17).
Options tab
Themes
button
Themes
gallery
Slice
theme
Figure 1–17
2
• Click Slice in the
Themes gallery to
change the theme
of the message
(Figure 1–18).
Send
button
Slice theme is applied

to message text
Figure 1–18
To Send an Email Message

The following step sends the completed email message to the recipient. Why? After you complete a message,
you send it to the recipient, who typically receives the message in seconds.
1
• Click the Send button in the message header to send the email message and close the message window.
What happened to the email message?
Q&A
Outlook automatically sends email messages to their recipient(s) when you click Send in a new message window if
you have your own email account set up.
Why did I get an error message that stated that ‘No valid email accounts are configured. Add an account to send
email’?
If you do not have an email account set up in Outlook, you cannot connect to the Internet to send the email.
Click Cancel to close the error message.
Other Ways
1. Press alt+s
How Email Messages Travel from Sender to Receiver

When you send someone an email message, it travels across the Internet to
the computer at your email service provider that handles outgoing email messages.
This computer, called the outgoing email server, examines the email address on
your message, selects the best route for sending the message across the Internet,
and then sends the email message. Many outgoing email servers use SMTP
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), which is a communications protocol, or set of
Outlook Module 1
rules for communicating with other computers. An email program such as Outlook
contacts the outgoing email server and then transfers the email message(s) in its
Outbox to that server. If the email program cannot contact the outgoing email
server, the email message(s) remains in the Outbox until the program can connect
to the server.
As an email message travels across the Internet, routers direct the email
message to a computer at your recipient’s email service provider that handles
incoming email messages. A router is a device that forwards data on a network.
The computer handling incoming email messages, called the incoming email
server, stores the email message(s) until your recipient uses an email program such
as Outlook to retrieve the email message(s). Some email servers use POP3, the
latest version of Post Office Protocol (POP), a communications protocol for
incoming email. Figure 1–19 shows how an email message may travel from a sender
to a receiver.
How an Email Step 1 Step 2

Message May Using an email program, Your email program contacts software on
you create and send your service provider’s outgoing mail server.
Travel from a a message.
Sender to
a Receiver Step 3
Software on the outgoing
mail server determines the
best route for the data and
sends the message, which
travels along Internet routers
to the recipient's incoming
mail server.
ING MA
IL SERV
ER Internet router
INCOMM
Steve
Laenz/Shutterstock.com
Ed
Ann
Jean
Ted
Sally
Fred
Joe
Step 4 Louie
When the recipient uses an email program to check Internet service

for email messages, the message transfers from the provider’s incoming
incoming mail server to the recipient’s device. mail server Internet router
Figure 1–19
BTW
Know the Sender
If you receive an email
Working with Incoming Messages message from someone you
do not know, you should
not open it because it might
When you receive email messages, Outlook directs them to your Inbox and displays
trigger a virus. Unsolicited
them in the message pane, which lists the contents of the selected folder (Figure 1–20). email messages, known as
The list of messages displayed in the message pane is called the message list. An spam or junk email, are
unread (unopened) email message in the message list includes a blue vertical bar in email messages sent from
an unknown sender to many
front of the message and displays the subject text and time of arrival in a blue bold email accounts, usually
font. The blue number next to the Inbox folder shows how many unread messages advertising a product or
are stored in the Inbox. The email messages on your computer may be different from service such as low-interest
loans or free credit reports.
those in Figure 1–20. Do not click a hyperlink in
an email message from an
unknown sender. A hyperlink
is a word, phrase, symbol, or
picture in an email message
or on a webpage that, when
clicked, directs you to another
document or website.
number of unread
messages in the
Inbox folder
blue bold
text indicates
unread
message
blue vertical
bar indicates
unread
message
message list in the

message pane
Figure 1–20
You can read incoming messages in three ways: in an open window, in the
Reading Pane, or as a hard copy. A hard copy (printout) is information presented on a
physical medium such as paper.
To View an Email Message in the Reading Pane

The Reading Pane appears on the right side of the Outlook window by default and displays the contents of a
message without requiring you to open the message. An advantage of viewing messages in the Reading Pane is that if a
message includes content that could be harmful to your computer, such as a malicious script or an attachment containing
a virus, the Reading Pane does not activate the harmful content. An attachment is a file such as a document or picture
you send along with an email message. The attached document can be a file saved to your local computer or from
OneDrive, as long as you have Microsoft’s cloud service account connected. The events director Chloe Pauley has sent a
response to Jackson concerning the next Code Squad workshop. The following step uses the Reading Pane to display an
email message from a sender. Why? You use the Reading Pane to preview message in your Inbox without opening them.
1
• Click the message
header from Chloe
Pauley in the Inbox
message list to
select the email
message and display
its contents in
the Reading Pane
file
(Figure 1–21). attachment
What happens
Q&A
to the message
header when I select

another message?
Outlook
automatically marks Chloe Pauley
message header
messages as read
after you preview
the message in the
Reading Pane and Figure 1–21
select another message
to view. A read message is displayed in the message list without a vertical blue line or bold text.
Outlook Module 1
To Open an Email Message in a Window
The following step displays an email message from a sender in a window. Why? To fully evaluate an email
message and use additional Outlook tools for working with messages, you display the email message in a window.
1
• Double-click the
Chloe Pauley
message in the
message list to
display the selected
email message in
identifying information
its own window
(Figure 1–22). attachment
greeting line
signature
message text
Figure 1–22
Opening Attachments
Email messages that include attachments are identified by a paper clip icon in
the message list. Users typically attach a file to an email message to provide additional
information to the recipient. An attachment in a message can appear in a line below
the subject line or in the message body. To help protect your computer, Outlook does
not allow you to receive files as attachments if they are a certain file type, such as
.exe (executable) or .js (JavaScript), because of their potential for introducing a virus
into your computer. When Outlook blocks a suspicious attachment in a message, the
blocked file appears in the InfoBar at the top of your message. An InfoBar is a banner
displayed at the top of an email message that indicates whether an email message has
been replied to or forwarded.
The Attachment Preview feature in Outlook allows you to preview an
attachment you receive in an email message from either the Reading Pane in an
unopened message or the message area of an opened message. Outlook has built-in
previewers for several file types, such as other Office programs, pictures, text, and
webpages. Outlook includes attachment previewers that work with other Microsoft
Office programs so that users can preview an attachment without opening it. These
attachment previewers are turned on by default. To preview an attached file created
in an Office application, you must have Office installed on your computer. For
example, to preview an Excel attachment in Outlook, you must have Excel installed.
If an attachment cannot be previewed, you can double-click the attachment to open
the file. If you suspect an attachment is not safe or decide it is not necessary, you can
delete the attachment by right-clicking it in the message window, and then clicking
Remove Attachment on the shortcut menu.
To Preview and Save an Attachment

Why? When you receive a message with an attachment, you can preview the attached file without opening it if
you are not sure of the contents. A common transmission method of viruses is by email attachments, so be sure
that you trust the sender before opening an attached file. The following steps preview and save an attachment
without opening the file. You should save the attachment on your hard disk, OneDrive, or a location that is
most appropriate to your situation. These steps assume you already have created folders for storing your files,
for example, a CIS 101 folder (for your class) that contains an Outlook1 folder with a Module folder (for your
assignments). Thus, these steps save the attachment in the Module folder in your desired save location.
1
• Click the fieldtrip
.docx file
attachment in the
message header attachment is
displayed in
of the opened message window
email from Chloe file attachment
Pauley to preview
the attachment
within Outlook
(Figure 1–23).
YAKOBCHUK VIACHESLAV/Shutterstock.com
Figure 1–23
2 Attachment Tools
Close button
Save As button
• Click the Save As Attachments tab
button (Attachment
Tools Attachments tab
Save Attachment
| Save to Computer dialog box
group) to display the
Save Attachment
dialog box.
Save to
• Navigate to the Computer group
desired save location
(in this case, the
Module folder in
your Outlook1 folder

or your class folder
on your computer or
OneDrive).
Save button
• Change the file

name to SC_
OUT_1_Fieldtrip,
and, if requested by
your instructor, add
your last name to
the end of the file name (Figure 1–24). Figure 1–24
Outlook Module 1
3
• Click the Save button (Save Attachment dialog box) to save the document in the selected folder in the selected
location with the entered file name.
• Click Close to close the attachment preview window and email message (Figure 1–25).
file attachment
blue bar no longer Chloe Pauley
appears in read message header
message Reading Pane
Figure 1–25
To Open an Attachment
If you know the sender and you know the attachment is safe, you can open the attached file. The following
steps open an attachment. Why? By opening a Word attachment in Microsoft Word, you can edit the document with the
full features of Word.
document opens in Microsoft
1 Word in Protected View Close button
• If necessary, click
the message header
from Chloe Pauley in
the Inbox message
list to select the
email message and Enable Editing button
display its contents
in the Reading Pane.
• Double-click the
document
attachment in contents
the Reading Pane
to open the file
attachment in
Microsoft Word
in Protected View
(Figure 1–26).
2 depending on Microsoft
Word settings, Navigation Figure 1–26
pane might appear
• Click Close to close
the Word file.
To Print an Email Message

Occasionally, you may want to print the contents of an email message. Why? A hard copy of an email message
can serve as reference material if your storage medium becomes corrupted and you need to view the message when your
computer is not readily available. A printed copy of an email message also serves as a backup, which is an additional
copy of a file or message that you store for safekeeping. You can print the contents of an email message from an
open message window or directly from the Inbox window.
You would like to have a hard copy of Chloe Pauley’s email message for reference about the upcoming
tech field trip. The following steps print an email message.
1
• If necessary, click Home on the ribbon to display
the Home tab.
Quick Print
• In the message list, right-click the Chloe Pauley command
message header to display a shortcut menu that

presents a list of possible actions (Figure 1–27).
2
• Click the Quick Print command on the shortcut
menu to send the email message to the
currently selected printer.
message shortcut
menu
Chloe Pauley
message header
Figure 1–27
Using the Outlook People Pane

Outlook provides a means of viewing email history, attachments, and meetings
associated with each sender in the Reading pane. The People Pane accesses
information about each of your contacts. The People Pane can display the photos and
contact information of the email sender and recipient at the bottom of the Reading
Pane in one location.
To Change the View of the People Pane

By default, the People Pane is not displayed in the Reading Pane. By changing the People Pane to the
Minimized setting, the contact information is displayed as a one-line bar below an open email message and does
not take up a lot of room in the Reading Pane or open message window. To view more details, you can change
the People Pane view to Normal. Why? When you are reading a message in Outlook, you can use the People Pane to
view more information about the contacts associated with the message, such as the senders and receivers of the message. The
following steps change the view of the People Pane.
Outlook Module 1
1
• Click View on the ribbon to display the View tab.
• Click the People Pane button (View tab | People Pane group) to display the People Pane gallery (Figure 1–28).
People Pane
View tab button
Normal
command
People Pane
gallery
Figure 1–28
2
• Click Normal in the People Pane
gallery to display the People Pane
in Normal view below the email
message in the Reading Pane
(Figure 1–29).
michaeljung/Shutterstock.com; ArtOfPhotos/Shutterstock.com
People Pane in
Normal view
contact
pictures
Figure 1–29
Experiment
• Double-click the first contact picture in the People Pane. A contact card opens that displays the contact information.
When you are finished, click Close to close the contact card.
• Click the People Pane button (View tab | People Pane group) to display the People Pane gallery.
• Click Minimized in People Pane

button
the People Pane
gallery to collapse
the People Pane into
a single line below
the Reading Pane People Pane
(Figure 1–30). michaeljung/Shutterstock.com; group
arrow also
expands and
collapses
People Pane collapsed People Pane
to single line contact
pictures
Figure 1–30
How do I reposition the Reading Pane using the Tell me what you want to do search tool?
CONSIDER THIS
• Click the ‘Tell me what you want to do’ text box, and then type Reading Pane.
• Click the Reading Pane matching text option to display the Reading Pane options.
• Click Bottom in the Reading Pane options to place the Reading Pane for all mail folders at the bottom of the window.
• Using the ribbon, click the Reading Pane button (View tab | Layout group) to display the Reading Pane gallery.
• Click Right in the Reading Pane gallery to return the Reading Pane to the right side of the Outlook window for all mail
folders.
Responding to Messages
When you receive a message, you can send a reply to the sender. You also have the
option to forward the message to additional people.
How should a formal business response differ from a close friend’s response?
CONSIDER THIS
• An email response you send to an instructor, coworker, or client should be more formal than the one you send to a close
friend. For example, conversational language to a friend, such as “Can’t wait to go out!” is not appropriate in professional
email messages.
• A formal email message should be businesslike and get to the point quickly. An informal email is more conversational and
friendly.
• Most professionals are required to sign a contract with their employer that states that the company has the right to access
anything on the employee’s work computer, so do not send personal email messages using company email services.
• All standard grammar rules apply, such as punctuation, capitalization, and spelling, no matter the audience.
Outlook Module 1
When responding to email messages, you have three options in Outlook: Reply,
Reply All, or Forward. Table 1–2 lists the response options and their actions.
Table 1–2 Outlook Response Options

Response Option Action
Reply Opens the RE: reply window and sends a reply to the person who sent the
message.
Reply All Opens the RE: reply window and sends a reply to everyone listed in the message
header.
Forward Opens the FW: message window and sends a copy of the selected message to
additional people, if you want to share information with others. The original
message text is included in the message window.
You reply to messages you already have received. You can forward an email
message to additional recipients to share information with others. Based on the
situation, you should request permission from the sender before forwarding a message,
in case the sender intended the original message to remain private. When forwarding,
you send the message to someone other than the original sender of the message. A
reply sends the message to the person who sent the message.
To Reply to an Email Message

When you reply to an email message, the email address of the sender is inserted in the To box
automatically. If you select Reply All, the To box automatically includes the sender and the other people who
originally received the message (except for those who originally received a Bcc message).
In an email message, a local teen named Zion Gibson has requested that Jackson send him information
about the tech field trip. The following steps reply to an email message. Why? When replying to a colleague,
responding in a professional manner in an email message indicates how serious you are about your role and enhances your
reputation within the organization.
1
• Click Home on the ribbon to display the Home tab.
• Click the Zion Gibson message header in the message list to select it and display its contents in the Reading Pane
(Figure 1–31).
Home tab Reply button
Respond
group
message displayed
in Reading Pane
wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com
Zion Gibson
message header
Figure 1–31
2
• Click the Reply
Pop Out button;
button (Home tab | yours might appear
Respond group) to in a different
location
reply to the message
in the Reading Pane
(Figure 1–32).
RE: represents reply
original message
wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com
Figure 1–32
RE: Field Trip Information –
3 Message (HTML) window
• Click the Pop Out

button to display
the RE: Field Trip
Information –
Message
(HTML) window
(Figure 1–33).
Why does RE: appear

Q&A
at the beginning of
the subject line and
in the title bar?
The RE: indicates this
message is a reply original message
header
to another message.
The subject of the
original message
appears after
the RE:.
Figure 1–33
4
• If necessary, click the message area below the message header to position the insertion point at the top of the
message area.
• Type Zion, as the greeting line.
• Press enter two times to insert a blank line between the greeting line and the message text.
Outlook Module 1
• Type As you requested, I have attached a flyer that Ms. Pauley recently
sent me about the Tech Field Trip in January. to enter the message text.
• Press enter two times to insert a blank line between the message text and the closing.
• Type Thanks for your interest, as the closing, and then press enter to move the insertion point to
the next line.
• Type Jackson
Torborg as
signature line 1, and
then press enter to
move the insertion
point to the next
line.
wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com; ArtOfPhotos/Shutterstock.com
• Type Disrupt
Rockland Code
Squad as signature
line 2, and then press
enter to move the
insertion point to the message
reply text
next line.
• Type Intern as
signature line 3
(Figure 1–34).
line separates reply

from original message
Figure 1–34
Message Formats BTW

Dictating Email
As shown in Figure 1–34, Outlook’s default (preset) message format is HTML Messages
(Hypertext Markup Language), which is a format that allows you to view pictures When you’re signed in to
and text formatted with color and various fonts and font sizes. Formatting refers to your Office 365 account,
turn on your microphone
changing the appearance of text in a document such as the font (typeface), font size, and use the Dictate tool to
color, and alignment of the text in a document. write your email messages.
Before you send an email message, reply to an email message, or forward an The Dictate tool is available
to capture your voice in
email message, consider which message format you want to use. A message format multiple languages (Message
determines whether an email message can include pictures or formatted text, such as tab | Dictate group).
bold, italic, and colored fonts. Select a message format that is appropriate for your Punctuation can be inserted
by saying the name of the
message and your recipient. Outlook offers three message formats: HTML, Plain punctuation mark.
Text, and Rich Text, as summarized in Table 1–3. If you select the HTML format,
for example, the email program your recipient uses must be able to display formatted
messages or pictures. If your recipient does not have high speed connectivity, a Plain
Text format is displayed quickly, especially on a device such as a smartphone. Reading
email in plain text offers important security benefits, reducing the possibility of a virus
within the email.
Table 1–3 Message Formats

Message Format Description
HTML HTML is the default format for new messages in Outlook. HTML lets you include pictures and basic formatting, such
as text formatting, numbering, bullets, and alignment. HTML is the recommended format for Internet mail because
the more popular email programs use it.
Plain Text Plain Text format is recognized by all email programs and is the most likely format to be allowed through a
company’s virus-filtering program. Plain Text does not support basic formatting, such as bold, italic, colored fonts, or
other text formatting. It also does not support pictures displayed directly in the message.
Rich Text Rich Text Format (RTF) is a Microsoft format that only the latest versions of Microsoft Exchange (a Microsoft
message system that includes an email program and a mail server) and Outlook recognize. RTF supports more
formats than HTML or Plain Text; it also supports hyperlinks. A hyperlink can be text, a picture, or other object that is
displayed in an email message.
To Change the Message Format

Why? You want to make sure that your reply message is not blocked by an antivirus program, so you will change the
message format to Plain Text. The following steps change the message format to Plain Text.
1 Format Text tab
• Click Format Text on the ribbon

in the message window to display
the Format Text tab (Figure 1–35).
Figure 1–35
2 Plain Text
button
• Click the Plain Text button (Format Format Text tab
Text tab | Format group) to select

the Plain Text message format,
which removes all formatting in
the message.
• When the Microsoft Outlook
Compatibility Checker dialog box
is displayed, click the Continue Format group
button to change the formatted
text to plain text (Figure 1–36).
What happened to the line

Q&A
separating the existing message

and the new message?
When Plain Text is selected as the
message format, all formatting
such as text color, font type, lines,
line separating the reply
themes, and size is removed. from the original message
is removed
Figure 1–36
Outlook Module 1
Checking Spelling and Grammar BTW
Misspelled Words in
Outlook checks your message for possible spelling and grammar errors as you an Email Message
type and flags any potential errors in the message text with a red, green, or blue wavy When you misspell words in
underline. A red wavy underline means the flagged text is not in Outlook’s main a professional email message,
your clients may think you
dictionary because it is a proper name or misspelled. A green wavy underline indicates are just sending a quick
the text may be incorrect grammatically. A blue wavy underline indicates the text may message and not giving the
contain a contextual spelling error such as the misuse of homophones (words that are email your full attention
when responding.
pronounced the same but have different spellings or meanings, such as one and won).
Although you can check the entire message for spelling and grammar errors at once,
you also can check these flagged errors as they appear on the screen.
A flagged word is not necessarily misspelled. For example, many names,
abbreviations, and specialized terms are not in Outlook’s main dictionary. In these
cases, you instruct Outlook to ignore the flagged word. As you type, Outlook also
detects duplicate words while checking for spelling errors. For example, if your email
message contains the phrase to the the store, Outlook places a red wavy underline below
the second occurrence of the word, the.
BTW
Original Message in Replies
Many email users prefer to reply to a message without including the original email message along with their
response. To remove the original message from all email replies, click File to open Backstage view, and then
click the Options tab. Click Mail to display the Mail options. In the Replies and forwards section, click the ‘When
replying to a message box’ arrow, select the ‘Do not include original message’ option, and then click OK.
To Check the Spelling of a Correctly Typed Word

Jackson adds one more sentence to his email message, recalling that Zion is interested in attending the
beginner’s code squad camp. In the message, the tech mentor with the last name of Malick has a red wavy
line below it even though it is spelled correctly, indicating the word is not in Outlook’s main dictionary. The
following steps ignore the error and remove the red wavy line. Why? The main dictionary contains most common
words, but does not include most proper names, technical terms, or acronyms.
1
• Click after the first sentence in the email message to Zion to place the insertion point, and then press spacebar to
insert a space.
• Type I understand that Rhea Malick, the tech mentor, is personally teaching
at the next coding event. to enter a second sentence in the message text, and then click a blank spot
in the window to have Outlook mark a spelling error (Figure 1–37).
Why does a red wavy

Q&A
line appear below

Malick even though
the last name is
spelled correctly?
Outlook places a red
wavy line below any correctly spelled
proper name is
word that is not in flagged
its main dictionary.
Figure 1–37
2
• Right-click the red wavy line below the proper
name to display a shortcut menu that presents
a list of suggested spelling corrections for
the flagged word (in this case, the last name)
(Figure 1–38).
What if Outlook does not flag my spelling and

Q&A
red wavy line

grammar errors with wavy underlines?
wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com;
To verify that the check spelling and grammar
as you type features are enabled, click the
Ignore All
File tab on the ribbon to open Backstage view command
shortcut menu
and then click Options to display the Outlook
Options dialog box. Click Mail (Outlook Options
dialog box) and click the Editor Options button
to display the Editor Options dialog box. In the
‘When correcting spelling in Outlook’ section,
ensure the ‘Check spelling as you type’ check Figure 1–38
box contains a check mark. Click OK two times
to close each open dialog box.
3
• Click Ignore All on the shortcut menu to ignore this flagged error, close the shortcut menu, and remove the red
wavy line beneath the proper name.
To Check the Spelling of Misspelled Text

In the following steps, the word event is misspelled intentionally as evnt to illustrate Outlook’s check
spelling as you type feature. If you are performing the steps in this project, your email message may contain
different misspelled words, depending on the accuracy of your typing. The following steps check the spelling of
a misspelled word. Why? The way you present yourself in email messages contributes to the way you are perceived, so you
should be sure to proofread and check the spelling of all communications.
1
• Click after the second sentence in the email message to Zion to place the insertion point, and then press spacebar to
insert a space.
• Type Let Ms.
Pauley know if
you have any
questions about
the field trip
evnt. to complete
the message text,
and then press
spacebar so that
flagged
a red wavy line misspelled word
appears below the

misspelled word
(Figure 1–39). Figure 1–39
Outlook Module 1
2
• Right-click the flagged word (evnt, in this case)
to display a shortcut menu that presents a list of
suggested spelling corrections and contextual flagged word
definition for the flagged word (Figure 1–40).
What should I do if the correction I want to use

Q&A
is not listed on the shortcut menu? suggested

correct spelling
You can click outside the shortcut menu to and definition
wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com;
close it and then retype the correct word.
shortcut menu
Figure 1–40
3
• Click the correct
spelling on the
shortcut menu (in
this case, event)
to replace the
misspelled word in
the email message
with the correctly red wavy line removed
and misspelled word
spelled word corrected
(Figure 1–41). Figure 1–41
Other Ways
1. Click Review tab (message window), click Spelling & Grammar button 2. Press f7
(Review tab | Proofing group)
Saving and Closing an Email Message

Occasionally, you begin composing a message but cannot complete it. You may
be waiting for information from someone else to include in the message, or you might
prefer to rewrite the message later after you have time to evaluate its content. One
option is to save the message, which stores the message in the Drafts folder for your
email account until you are ready to send it. The Drafts folder is the default location
for all saved messages. Later, you can reopen the message, finish writing it, and then
send it.
To Save and Close an Email Message without Sending It

The tech field trip information that Zion Gibson requested has been drafted, but Jackson is not ready
to send it yet. The following steps save a message in the Drafts folder for completion at a later time. Why? If
you are in the middle of composing a lengthy or important email and get called away, you can save your work so you can
resume it later.
Quick Access
1 Toolbar Close button
• Click the Save

button on the Quick
Access Toolbar to
save the message
in the Drafts folder
(Figure 1–42).
How does Outlook

Q&A
know where to store

the saved message?
By default, Outlook Save button
stores saved
messages in the
Drafts folder for
Figure 1–42
your email account.
Can I save the message to a location other than the Drafts folder?
To save the message to the Outlook student folder, click the File tab on the ribbon to open Backstage view, and
then click Save As in Backstage view to display the Save As dialog box. Navigate to the Outlook student folder. In
the File name text box, type the name of the message file and then click the Save button. The message is saved with
the extension .msg, which represents an Outlook message.
What should I do if Outlook did not save the message in the Drafts folder?
Click the Home tab, click the Move button, click Other Folder, select the Drafts folder for Jackson Torborg’s Outlook
Data File, and then click OK.
2
• Click the Close
button on the
title bar to close
the RE: Field Trip
Information –
Message (Plain
Text) window
Draft
(Figure 1–43). message
How do I know
Q&A
when a message is a
draft rather than an
incoming message?
The message
appears in the
message list with
number of messages
[Draft] displayed in the Drafts folder
in red.
Figure 1–43
To Open a Saved Email Message

The following steps open the message saved in the Drafts folder. Why? By default, Outlook saves any email
message in the Drafts folder every three minutes. You can also save a message and reopen it later.
Outlook Module 1
1
• Click the Drafts folder in the Navigation pane to
display the message header for the Zion Gibson
email message in the message list (Figure 1–44).
What should I do if the message does not

Q&A
message header
appear in my Drafts folder?
If the message does not appear in the Drafts
folder, return to the Inbox, and then click the
message header in the message pane.
Drafts
folder
Draft
message
Figure 1–44
2
• Double-click the Zion Gibson
message header in the Drafts
folder to open the email message
(Figure 1–45).
wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com; ArtOfPhotos/Shutterstock.com
saved message opened
from Drafts folder
Figure 1–45
To Attach a File to an Email Message

To share a file such as a photo, flyer, or business document through email, you attach the file to an email
message. Outlook does not have a predefined file size limit for attachments, but an email service provider may
restrict the size of incoming attachments or the size of the email mailbox. Very large email attachments may be
rejected by the recipient’s email service provider and returned to the sender as undeliverable. Consider storing
large files in OneDrive and sharing a link to the file within an email.
Before you send the email message to Zion, you need to attach a file of a flyer describing the informational
meeting about the field trip. The file may be listed on a Recent Items listing when the Attach File button is
clicked, or you can browse web locations or the local PC for the file attachment(s). The following steps attach a
file to an email message. Why? Attaching a file to an email message provides additional information to a recipient.
1 Insert File
dialog box Message tab Attach File
• Click the Attach File button button
(Message tab | Include group) to

display a listing of Recent Items.
• Click Browse This PC and navigate
to the folder containing the Data
Files for this module (in this case,
the Module folder in the Outlook1 Include group
folder in the Data Files folder)

(Figure 1–46).
Outlook1 > Module
folder
Figure 1–46
2
• Click the document SC_OUT_1_
Fieldtrip.docx to select the file
to attach.
• Click the Insert button (Insert File
dialog box) to attach the selected
file to the email message and
close the Insert File dialog box
(Figure 1–47).
What should I do if I saved the

Q&A
field trip document to include my

Word document
last name in the filename? file attachment
Select that document and then
click the Insert button.
Figure 1–47
To Set Message Importance and Send the Message

Outlook provides the option to assign an importance level to a message, which indicates to the recipient
the priority level of an email message. Why? When you have a message that requires urgent attention, you can send
the message with a high importance level. The default importance level for all new messages is normal importance,
but you can change the importance level to high or low, depending on the priority level of the email message.
A message sent with high importance displays a red exclamation point in the message header and indicates to
the recipient that the message requires a higher priority than other messages he or she might have received. The
low importance option displays a blue arrow and indicates to the recipient a low priority for the message. The
following steps set the high importance option for a single email message and to send the message.
Outlook Module 1
1 Close button
Message tab
High Importance
• Click the High button
Importance button
(Message tab | Tags
group) to add a
high importance
level (a red
exclamation point)
to the email message
(Figure 1–48). Tags group
When does a
Q&A
red exclamation
point appear in a
message with high Send button
importance?
Figure 1–48
The red exclamation
point appears in the message header when the message is received.
How would I set a low importance to an email message?

Click the Low Importance button (Message tab | Tags group).
2
• Click the Send button in the message header to send the email message.
• If necessary, click Cancel to close the Microsoft Outlook dialog box and then click Close to close the message
window.
A message appeared that states ‘No valid email accounts are configured. Add an account to send email’. What does
Q&A
this mean?
The SC_OUT_1-1.pst Data File is an Outlook Data File, which cannot send an email message. If you are using the
SC_OUT_1-1.pst Data File, the sent message remains in the Drafts folder unless you configure an email account. You
can set up and configure your own email address in Outlook to send an email message.
What happens to the actual email message after I send it?

After Outlook closes the message window, it stores the email message reply in the Outbox folder while it sends the
message to the recipient. You might not see the message in the Outbox because Outlook usually stores it there only
briefly. Next, Outlook moves the message to the Sent Items folder. The original message in the message list now
shows an envelope icon with a purple arrow to indicate a reply was sent.
Can you place a tag in an email message that requests the recipient to respond within a certain time
period? CONSIDER THIS
• If you are sending an email message that requires a timely response, you can click the Follow Up button (Message tab | Tags
group) to insert a flag icon indicating that the recipient should respond within a specified period of time.
• Based on your expected response time, you can select the Follow Up flag for Today, Tomorrow, This Week, Next Week, No
Date, or Custom.
To Forward an Email Message

When you forward an email message, you resend a received or sent email message to another recipient.
Yumi Mori, the Community Outreach coordinator, sent Jackson an email message requesting that she forward
Ms. Pauley’s email message about the field trip to advertise on their website. Jackson adds Ms. Pauley as a
courtesy copy (cc) recipient to make her aware that Yumi is receiving a copy of her email message. The following
steps forward a previously received email message. Why? Forwarding sends an email to someone who was not on the
original recipient list.
1
• Click the Inbox folder to display the Inbox messages.
• Double-click the Yumi Mori message header and read her message requesting information about the tech field trip.
• Click the Chloe Pauley message header in the message list to select the email message (Figure 1–49).
Why do my message headers show times instead of dates?
Q&A
Outlook shows today’s messages with times in the headers and messages prior to today with dates in the headers.
Home tab Forward button
Yumi Mori
message header
Inbox
folder
your message list might show
dates instead of times
Chloe Pauley
message header
Figure 1–49
2
• Click the Forward
button (Home tab |
Respond group) to
display the message
in the Reading Pane
(Figure 1–50).
To text box
Cc (Courtesy
copy) text box
FW: for
forward
file attached
automatically
original message
Figure 1–50
Outlook Module 1
3
• Click the To text
box, and then
type yumi.mori@
outlook.com
(with no spaces) as
the recipient’s email
address.
• Click the Cc text
box, and then type To and Cc email
addresses
chloe.pauley@
outlook.com (with
no spaces) to send
a courtesy copy to
reply area above
inform the original original message
sender that you
are forwarding
her email message
(Figure 1–51).
Figure 1–51
Why does the
Q&A
original message appear in the message area of the window?

By default, Outlook displays the original message below the new message area for all message replies and forwards.
Experiment
• Click the Bcc button (Message tab | Show Fields group) to display the Bcc (Blind carbon copy) text box. When you
are finished, click the Bcc button (Message tab | Show Fields group) again to hide the Bcc text box.
• Click the message area above the original message text, type Yumi, as the greeting line, and then press spacebar.
• If necessary, right-click Yumi and then click Ignore All to remove the red wavy line.
• Press enter two times to enter a blank line before the message text.
• Type Per your request, I am forwarding the email and field trip flyer from Ms. Pauley
about the tech field trip event. to enter the message text.
• Press enter two
times to place a
blank line between
the message text
and the signature
lines.
• Type Jackson
Torborg as
signature line 1,
and then press
enter to move the
Send
insertion point to button
the next line.
• Type Disrupt greeting, message,
Rockland Code and signature
entered
Squad, and then
press enter.
• Type Intern as
the third line of
the signature to
represent his title (Figure 1–52). Figure 1–52
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Recent Science
(Nineteenth Century Review, December, 1900).
Dr. Patrick Manson, of London, is credited with the final

formulation of the mosquito-malarial theory; but the proofs by
which it has been established have come from a number of
investigators, who have patiently traced the singular
life-history of the parasite, throughout its passage from man
to the mosquito and from the mosquito back to man, as a
vehicle of disease. Among the latter, prominence is given to
Major Ronald Ross, who lectured on the subject in London in
September, 1900, and was reported in "The Times" as follows:
"They first carried on their life in man—the intermediary

host—and later in the mosquito, the definitive host. These
Hæmamœbidæ began as spores which entered a blood corpuscle,
grew and became amœbæ. The nuclear matter divided, the
corpuscle containing it burst, the spores scattered, and each
spore then attached itself to a fresh corpuscle. The access of
the typical fever began with this scattering of the spores,
and thus the periodicity of the fever was accounted for.
Besides this neutral proliferation there was proliferation by
gametes. The blood of a fever patient exhibited the first
forms of the gametocytes. The spore grew inside the blood
corpuscle, and in that species which caused malignant fever it
grew until it had almost eaten the whole of the host. It was
then technically called a crescent. If this crescent were
examined under the microscope a wonderful development might be
observed to take place in a few moments. The crescent swelled
and became first oval, then spherical, and in about 15 minutes
after the drawing of the blood the microgametes made their escape
and were to be seen wriggling about in the 'liquor sanguinis.'
Ultimately they entered the macrogametocytes and produced
zygotes, which was nothing but a perfect example of the sperm
and the ovum process. "The whole process could be watched
under the microscope. The mosquito, having bitten a person in
whose blood these gametocytes were present, would take perhaps
100 of them into its own system, where the zygotes acquired a
power of movement, edging towards the wall of the mosquito's
stomach. About 12 hours afterwards they would be found
adhering to the walls of the stomach, through which they
passed and to which they finally attached themselves on the
outside. This process was accomplished in about 36 hours. The
zygotes then grew until they had increased to about eight
times their original diameter and were almost visible to the
naked eye. As the zygote increased it divided into meres
containing nuclear matter, which went to the surface. The
process here seemed to be closely similar to spermato-genesis,
and Professor Ray Lankester declared that the process was the
first known example of audrocratic parthenogenesis. When the
final development was reached the cells burst and the blasts
escaped and were immediately carried into all parts of the
insect. They made their way to the salivary gland, with the
evident purpose of seeking the blood of a fresh human host;
and the injection of the secretion of the mosquito's salivary
gland caused the bump which marked the mosquito's bite. A very
large series of experiments had shown conclusively that
malarial infection was caused by the bite of the mosquito.
"The parasites which infested human blood were carried only by

one genus of mosquito—'Anopheles'; the genus 'Culex' was
harmless. The two genera could be readily distinguished. For
example, 'Anopheles' rested on walls with their tails stuck
out perpendicular to the wall; 'Culex' attached themselves
with tails hanging downwards. 'Culex' bred in the water in
pots and tubs; 'Anopheles' in pools. The larvæ of 'Culex,' if
disturbed, sank to the bottom; the larvæ of 'Anopheles'
skimmed along the surface. It was doubtful whether the eggs of
'Anopheles' would live for more than a few days after
desiccation. The eggs were laid in an equilateral triangular
pattern; they were soon hatched, and the larvæ then began to
feed on the green scum in the water. A still evening, just
before or after rain, was the time most favourable for the
hatching out from the pupæ. As to the adults, he believed that
they could live for a year; at any rate, they had been kept
alive in tubes for more than a month; and it was certain that
in England and Italy they hibernated. The female of
'Anopheles' alone was the biter, and though the favourite
feeding time was at night, in West Africa the insects had been
found to bite all day. While 'Culex' could be detected by its
humming, 'Anopheles' was silent, and it was possible to be
bitten without knowing of it at the moment. He had found that
a blood diet was always necessary to the maturing of the eggs.
He had kept many thousands of mosquitoes under observation and
had never known one to lay eggs except after a meal of blood.
Malarial infection was derived chiefly from the native
children, who swarmed everywhere, and whose blood was full of
the infecting parasites."
An expedition sent out to West Africa by the Liverpool School

of Tropical Medicine, to pursue investigations there, reported
in December, 1900, that its observations confirm the
conclusion "that the blood parasite which gives rise to
malarial fever in man is carried by the mosquito from the
native to the European—and more especially from the native
children.
{446}
The examination of the blood of hundreds of native children
revealed the interesting fact that between 50 and 80 per cent.
of those under five years, between 20 and 30 per cent. of ages
between five and ten years, and a small percentage over ten
years contained malarial parasites, often in very large
numbers. The breeding places of the 'Anopheles' were found to
be chiefly the dug-out native canoes in the regions of the
mangrove swamps, claypits and puddles in the forested
district, and at Lokoja puddles and ditches on and alongside
the roads and footpaths. It was particularly noticed
everywhere how carelessness in the construction of roads and
footpaths, and more especially in the laying out of the areas
surrounding the factories of the European traders, was
accountable for the production of a large number of breeding
places for mosquitoes, which could easily have been avoided.
In fact, it is certain that in West Africa such conditions are
far more dangerous and more common than the proximity of a
marsh or swamp, which is often noted as a cause of fever. …
The two methods upon which alone any reliance can be placed as
measures for prevention are—(l) segregation of Europeans from
natives of all sorts, at a distance of about half a mile; and
(2) complete and efficient surface drainage of the whole
district in the immediate neighbourhood of European quarters."
The detection of the mosquito as a carrier of one disease drew

suspicion on the pestilent insect of other kindred crimes, and
strong evidence of its agency in propagating yellow fever has
been gathered already. A board of medical officers, which went
from the United States to Cuba in the summer of 1900 to study
the matter, reported in October that their investigations
tended quite positively to that conclusion. The board was
composed of Dr. Walter Reed, surgeon, United States Army, and
Dr. James Carroll, Dr. A. Agramonte, and Dr. Jesse W. Lazear,
all acting assistant surgeons of the United States Army. Two
months later, so much confirmation had been obtained that
Major-General Wood, Military-Governor of Cuba (himself a
medical man) was reported, on the 29th of December, to have
issued a general order directed to his post commanders,
"reciting that the chief surgeon of the Department of Cuba has
reported that it is now well-established that malaria, yellow
fever and filarial infection are transmitted by the bites of
mosquitoes. Therefore the troops are enjoined to observe
carefully two precautions: First—they are to use mosquito bars
in all barracks, hospitals and field service whenever
practicable. Second—They are to destroy the 'wigglers,' or
young mosquitoes, by the use of petroleum on the water where
they breed. Permanent pools or puddles are to be filled up. To
the others is to be applied one ounce of kerosene to each
fifteen square feet of water twice a month, which will destroy
not only the young but the old mosquitoes. This does not
injure drinking water if drawn from below and not dipped out.
Protection is thus secured, according to the order, because
the mosquito does not fly far, but seeks shelter when the wind
blows, and thus each community breeds its own mosquitoes."
This was followed in April, 1901, by an order from the chief

surgeon at Havana, approved by Surgeon-General Sternberg, U.
S. A., which says: "The recent experiments made in Havana by
the Medical Department of the Army having proved that yellow
fever, like malarial fever, is conveyed chiefly, and probably
exclusively, by the bite of infected mosquitoes, important
changes in the measures used for the prevention and treatment
of this disease have become necessary. So far as yellow fever
is concerned, infection of a room or building simply means
that it contains infected mosquitoes, that is mosquitoes which
have fed on yellow fever patients. Disinfection, therefore,
means the employment of measures aimed at the destruction of
these mosquitoes. The most effective of these measures is
fumigation, either with sulphur, formaldehydes or insect
powder. The fumes of sulphur are the quickest and the most
effective insecticide, but are otherwise objectionable.
Formaldehyde gas is quite effective if the infected rooms are
kept closed and sealed for two or three hours. The smoke of
insect powder has also been proved useful; it readily
stupefies mosquitoes, which drop to the floor and can then be
easily destroyed. The washing of walls, floors, ceilings and
furniture with disinfectants is unnecessary."
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL:

Recent advances in surgery.
"In no department of surgery has greater progress been made

than in the treatment of diseases of the abdominal organs. …
At the present time no abdominal organ is sacred from the
surgeon's knife. Bowels riddled with bullet-holes are
stitched up successfully; large pieces of gangrenous or
cancerous intestine are cut out, the ends of the severed tube
being brought into continuity by means of ingenious
appliances; the stomach is opened for the removal of a foreign
body, for the excision of a cancer, or for the administration
of nourishment to a patient unable to swallow; stones are
extracted from the substance of the kidneys, and these organs
when hopelessly diseased are extirpated; the spleen, when
enlarged or otherwise diseased, is removed bodily; gall-stones
are cutout, and even tumours of the liver are excised. The
kidney, the spleen, and the liver, when they cause trouble by
unnatural mobility, are anchored by stitches to the abdominal
wall; and the stomach has been dealt with successfully in the
same way for the cure of indigestion. Besides all this, many
cases of obstruction of the bowels, which in days not very
long gone by would have been doomed to inevitable death, are
now cured by a touch of the surgeon's knife. The perforation
of the intestine, which is one of the most formidable
complications of typhoid fever, has in a few cases been
successfully closed by operation; and inflammation of the
peritoneum, caused by the growth of tuberculous masses upon
it, has been apparently cured by opening the abdominal cavity.
Among the most useful advances of this department of surgery
must be accounted the treatment of the condition known as
'appendicitis,' which has been to a large extent rescued from
the physician, with his policy of 'laissez faire,' and placed
under the more resolute and more efficient government of the
surgeon. A New York surgeon not long ago reported a series of
100 cases of operation for appendicitis, with only two deaths.
…
{447}
"That surgery could ever deal with the abdominal organs in the
manner just described would have seemed to our predecessors in
the earlier part of the Queen's reign the baseless fabric of a
vision. But the modern surgeon, clad in antisepsis, as the Lady
in 'Comus' was 'clothed round with chastity,' defies the
'rabble rout' of microbes and dares things which only a short
time ago were looked upon as beyond the wildest dreams of
scientific enthusiasm. It is scarcely twenty years since the
late Sir John Erichsen declared in a public address that
operative surgery had nearly reached its furthest possible
limits of development. He pointed out that there were certain
regions of the body into which the surgeon's knife could never
penetrate, naming the brain, the heart, and the lung as the
most obvious examples of such inviolable sanctuaries of life.
Within the last fifteen years the surgeon has brought each of
these organs, which constitute what Bichat called the 'tripod
of life,' within his sphere of conquest. … It must, however,
be admitted that the results of brain surgery, though
brilliant from the operative point of view, have so far been
somewhat disappointing as regards the ultimate cure of the
disease. In certain forms of epilepsy, in particular, which at
first seemed to be curable by removal of the 'cortical
discharging centre' in the brain which is the source of the
mischief, the tendency to fits has been found to return after
a time, and the last state of the patient has been worse than
the first. Still, the mere fact that the brain has been proved
to be capable of being dealt with surgically with perfect safety
is in itself a very distinct progress. …
"Other parts of the nervous system have been brought within

the range of surgical art. The vertebral column has been
successfully trephined, and fragments of bone pressing on the
cord have been taken away in cases of fractured spine; tumours
have also been removed from the spinal cord by Mr. Horsley and
others. There is a steadily increasing record of cures of
intractable neuralgia, especially of the face, by division or
removal of the affected nerve trunks. … The ends of cut nerves
have also been re-united, and solutions of their continuity
have been filled up with portions of nerve taken from animals.
… The heart naturally cannot be made so free with, even by the
most enterprising surgeon, as the brain or the lung. Yet
within the past twelve months a Norwegian practitioner has
reported a case which encourages a hope that even wounds of
the heart may not be beyond surgical treatment. … Tuberculous
and inflammatory diseases of bones and joints, formerly
intractable except by the 'ultima ratio' of the amputating
knife, are now cured without mutilation. Deformities are
corrected by division of tendons, the excision of portions of
bone, and the physiological exercise of muscles, without
complicated apparatus. The healing of large wounds is assisted
by the grafting of healthy skin on the raw surface; wide gaps in
bones and tendons are filled up with portions of similar
structures obtained from animals." …
Malcolm Morris,
The Progress of Medicine during the Queen's Reign
(Nineteenth Century, May, 1897).
See, also, X RAYS, below.
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE:
International cataloguing.
On the 22d of March, 1894, the Secretaries of the Royal

Society of London addressed the following communication to
various institutions and societies: "The Royal Society of
London, as you are probably aware, has published nine quarto
volumes of 'The catalogue of scientific papers,' the first
volume of the decade 1874-1883 having been issued last year.
This catalogue is limited to periodical scientific literature,
i. e., to papers published in the transactions, etc., of
societies, and in journals; it takes no account whatever of
monographs and independent books, however important. The
titles, moreover, are arranged solely according to authors'
names; and though the Society has long had under consideration
the preparation of, and it is hoped may eventually issue, as a
key to the volumes already published, a list in which the
titles are arranged according to subject-matter, the catalogue
is still being prepared according to authors' names. Further,
though the Society has endeavored to include the titles of all
the scientific papers published in periodicals of acknowledged
standing, the catalogue is, even as regards periodical
literature, confessedly incomplete, owing to the omission of
the titles of papers published in periodicals of little
importance, or not easy of access.
"Owing to the great development of scientific literature, the

task of the Society in continuing the catalogue, even in its
present form, is rapidly increasing in difficulty. At the same
time it is clear that the progress of science would be greatly
helped by, indeed, almost demands, the compilation of a
catalogue which should aim at completeness, and should contain
the titles of scientific publications, whether appearing in
periodicals or independently. In such a catalogue the titles
should be arranged not only according to authors' names, but
also according to subject-matter, the text of each paper and
not the title only being consulted for the latter purpose. And
the value of the catalogue would be greatly enhanced by a
rapid periodical issue, and by publication in such a form that
the portion which pertains to any particular branch of science
might be obtained separately. It is needless to say that the
preparation and publication of such a complete catalogue is
far beyond the power and means of any single society.
"Led by the above considerations, the president and council of

the Royal Society have appointed a committee to inquire into
and report upon the feasibility of such a catalogue being
compiled through international co-operation."
Library Journal,
March, 1895.
The movement thus initiated received cordial support and led

to the convening of an International Conference in London, in
1896. The Conference was opened on Tuesday, July 14, at
Burlington House. "The 42 delegates, representing nearly all
the governments of civilized countries and most of the leading
scientific societies of the world, were welcomed by Sir John
Gorst, as provisional president. … It was decided that
English, German and French should be the official languages of
the conference. … The conference closed on Friday, July 17,
the need of an international catalogue having been fully
recognized, and a plan for its preparation mapped out. It was
decided 'That it is desirable to compile and publish by means
of some international organization a complete catalogue of
scientific literature, arranged according both to
subject-matter and to authors' names. That in preparing such a
catalogue regard shall, in the first instance, be had to the
requirements of scientific investigators, to the end that
these may, by means of the catalogue, find out most easily
what has been published concerning any particular subject of
inquiry.'
{448}
"The preparation of the catalogue is to be in charge of an

international council, to be appointed, and the final editing
and publication shall be conducted by a central international
bureau, under the direction of the international council. Any
country that is willing to do so shall be entrusted with the
task of collecting, provisionally classifying, and
transmitting to the central bureau, in accordance with rules
laid down by the international council, all the entries
belonging to the scientific literature of that country. 'In
indexing according to subject-matter regard shall be had, not
only to the title (of a paper or book), but also to the nature
of the contents.' The catalogue shall comprise all published
original contributions—periodical articles, pamphlets,
memoirs, etc.—to the mathematical, physical, or natural
sciences, … 'to the exclusion of what are sometimes called the
applied sciences—the limits of the several sciences to be
determined hereafter.' …
"The central bureau shall issue the catalogue in the form of

'slips' or 'cards,' the details of the cards to be hereafter
determined, and the issue to take place as promptly as
possible. … It was also decided that the central bureau shall
be located in London, and that the Royal Society appoint a
committee to study all undecided questions relating to the
catalogue and to report later. … No system of classification
was adopted and the subject was turned over for consideration
to the committee of organization, which should also suggest
'such details as will render the catalogue of the greatest
possible use to those unfamiliar with English.' January 1,
1900, is fixed as the date for the beginning of the
catalogue."
Library Journal,
August, 1896.
A second international conference, to consider further the

plans previously outlined, was held October 11-13, 1898, at
Burlington House, London. "The attendance was a representative
one, including delegates from Austria, Belgium, France,
Germany, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden,
Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States
(represented by Dr. Cyrus Adler), Cape Colony, India, Natal,
New Zealand, and Queensland. Russia, Spain and Italy were the
only large continental countries unrepresented. …
"Professor Forster having formally presented the report of the

Committee of the Royal Society, copies of which were forwarded
in April last to the several governments represented at the
conference, the discussion of the recommendations was opened,
and it was resolved: 'That the conference confirms the
principle that the catalog be published in the double form of
cards and books. That schedules of classification shall be
authorized for the several branches of science which it is
decided to include in the catalog. That geography be defined
as limited to mathematical and physical geography, and that
political and general geography be excluded. That anatomy be
entered on the list as a separate subject. That a separate
schedule be provided for each of the following branches of
science: Mathematics, Astronomy, Meteorology, Physics,
Crystallography, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology (including
Petrology), Geography, mathematical and physical,
Paleontology, Anatomy, Zoology, Botany, Physiology (including
Pharmacology and Experimental Pathology), Bacteriology,
Psychology, Anthropology. That each of the sciences for which
a separate schedule is provided shall be indicated by a
symbol.'" Resolutions were then adopted providing for the
regulations to be observed in the preparation of cards or
slips, and for the organization of the work through Regional
Bureaus.
"The following recommendations of the Royal Society providing

for international conventions in connection with the catalog
were adopted: 'Each region in which a Regional Bureau is
established, charged with the duty of preparing and
transmitting slips to the Central Bureau for the compilation
of the catalog, shall be called a constituent region. In 1905,
in 1910, and every tenth year afterwards, an international
convention shall be held in London (in July) to reconsider,
and, if necessary, revise the regulations for carrying out the
work of the catalog authorized by the international convention
of 1898. Such an international convention shall consist of
delegates appointed by the respective governments to represent
the constituent regions, but no region shall be represented by
more than three delegates. The rules of procedure of each
international convention shall be the same as those of the
international convention of 1898. The decisions of an
international convention shall remain in force until the next
convention meets.'
"The following recommendations of the Royal Society relating

to the constitution of an International Council, which shall
be the governing body of the catalog, were adopted: 'Each
Regional Bureau shall appoint one person to serve as a member
of a body to be called The International Council. The
International Council shall, within the regulations laid down
by the international convention, be the governing body of the
catalog. The International Council shall appoint its own
chairman and secretary. It shall meet in London once in three
years at least, and at such other times as the chairman, with
the concurrence of five other members, may specially appoint.
It shall, subject to the regulations laid down by the
convention, be the supreme authority for the consideration of
and decision concerning all matters belonging to the Central
Bureau. It shall make a report of its doings, and submit a
balance sheet, copies of which shall be distributed to the
several Regional Bureaus, and published in some recognized
periodical or periodicals in each of the constituent
regions.'"
Library Journal,
December, 1898.
The third international conference on a catalog of scientific

literature was held in London, June 12, 1900, under the
auspices of the Royal Society. "Unfortunately the United
States finds no place in the list [of delegates]. This was
owing to the failure to secure from Congress the necessary
appropriation enabling the United States to join in the
enterprise; and as the call to the conference required that
delegates be charged with full powers, it was impossible for
any representative of the United States to be in attendance. …
"The general results of the conference are reviewed by

Professor Henry E. Armstrong, in 'Nature,' as follows: 'There
can be little doubt that the ultimate execution of this
important enterprise is now assured. … Everyone was of opinion
that if a fair beginning can once be made, the importance of the
work is so great; it will be of such use to scientific workers
at large; that it will rapidly grow in favor and soon secure
that wide support which is not yet given to it simply because
its character and value are but imperfectly understood.
Therefore, all were anxious that a beginning should be made.
{449}
"'It has been estimated that if 300 sets or the equivalent are
sold the expenses of publication will be fully met. As the
purchase of more than half this number was guaranteed by
France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, and the United
Kingdom, the conference came to the conclusion that the number
likely to be taken by other countries would be such that the
subscriptions necessary to cover the cost of the catalog would
be obtained. The resolution arrived at after this opinion had
been formed, That the catalog include both an author's and a
subject index, according to the schemes of the Provisional
International Committee, must, in fact, be read as a
resolution to establish the catalog.
"'Of the countries represented at the various conferences,

excepting Belgium, not one has expressed any unwillingness
eventually to co-operate in the work. Unfortunately, neither
the United States nor Russia was officially represented on the
present occasion. The attempts that have been made to induce
the government in the United States to directly subsidise the
catalog have not been successful: but that the United States
will contribute its fair share, both of material and pecuniary
support, cannot be doubted. There as here private or corporate
enterprise must undertake much that is done under government
auspices in Europe. As to Russia, the organization of
scientific workers there has been so little developed that it
is very difficult to secure their attention, and probably our
Russian colleagues are as yet but very imperfectly aware of
what is proposed. … A Provisional International Committee has
been appointed, which will take the steps now necessary to
secure the adhesion and co-operation of countries not yet
pledged to support the scheme.
"'Originally it was proposed to issue a card as well as a book

catalog, but on account of the great additional expense this
would involve, and as the Americans in particular have not
expressed themselves in favor of a card issue, it is resolved
to publish the catalog, for the present, only in the form of
annual volumes.
"'From the outset great stress has been laid on the

preparation of subject indexes which go behind the titles of
papers and give fairly full information as to the nature of
their contents. Both at the first and the second International
Conference this view met with the fullest approval. Meanwhile,
the action of the German government has made it necessary to
somewhat modify the original plan. In Germany, a regional
bureau will be established, supported by a government
subvention, and it is intended that the whole German
scientific literature shall be cataloged in this office; no
assistance will be asked from authors or editors or corporate
bodies. In such an office it will for the present be
impossible to go behind titles; consequently, only the titles
of German papers will be quoted in the catalog. In the first
instance, some other countries may prefer to adopt this course
on the ground of economy. But in this country, at least, the
attempt will be made to deal fully with the literature, and
the co-operation of authors and editors will be specially
invited. …
"'The catalog is to be published annually in seventeen

distinct volumes. The collection of material is to commence
from January 1, 1901. As it will be impossible to print and
issue so many volumes at once, it is proposed to publish them
in sets of four or five at quarterly intervals.'"
Library Journal,
September, 1900.
The fourth Conference was held at London, December 12-13,

1900, when "all arrangements were completed for the definitive
commencement of the work on January 1. … The responsibility
for publication and for the initial expenditure is undertaken
by the Royal Society. … A comprehensive and elaborate system
of classification has been devised with the assent of all the
countries interested. This uniformity in a region where
diversity of a perplexing kind has hitherto ruled is in itself
a great boon to scientific workers everywhere. It may be
anticipated that the scheme will by degrees be adopted in all
collections of scientific works. As to the nothing aspects of
this important undertaking, larger more need be said at
present than that the scientific cataloguing of all scientific
work most appropriately celebrates the opening of the
twentieth century."
[Transcriber's note: In the previous sentence the words

"nothing" and "larger" appear interchanged.]
London Times,
December 14, 1900.
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE:
In the Nineteenth Century.
See (in this volume)

NINETEENTH CENTURY: DOMINANT LINES.
----------Scientific Literature: End--------
----------SCOTLAND: Start--------
SCOTLAND: A. D. 1900.
Union of the Free and United Presbyterian Churches.
"In the ecclesiastical world only one event of the first

importance has happened [in Scotland, in 1900], the
consummation of the union between the Free and United
Presbyterian Churches, which has been the subject of
negotiation for six years past. The May meetings of the
leading representative courts of the two denominations were
occupied almost exclusively with the final arrangements for
the formal act of union, which was fixed to take place on
October 31. An attempt by a number of lay office-bearers of
the Free Church to postpone the final step, on the ground that
the congregations had not been directly and fairly consulted,
failed of its object. On October 30 the General Assembly of
the Free Church and the Synod of the United Presbyterian
Church held their last meetings in Edinburgh as independent
bodies. On the following day they formally constituted
themselves the United Free Church of Scotland in the Waverley
Market, the largest public hall in Scotland, in presence of an
audience computed to number 6,000 persons. The union has, as
is the rule in Scotland, been accompanied by a 'disruption.'
The minority of the Free Church, which on October 30 resolved
to remain outside the United Free Church, is very small in
number and is financially weak, but it claims to be the true
Free Church of Scotland, it is asserting itself vigorously in
the Highlands and islands, where Free Church
'constitutionalism' has always been strongest, and it has
taken the first step in a process of litigation for the
purpose of discovering whether it or the United Free Church is
legally entitled to the property of the original Free Church
founded in 1843. But for this secession, the strength of which
is not accurately estimable, the new denomination would,
according to the latest official returns, have opposed about
1,680 congregations and about 530,000 members to the 1,450
congregations and 650,000 members of the Church of Scotland."
London Times,
December 27, 1900.
{450}
SEA POWER.
NAVIES OF THE SEA POWERS.
SEAL-KILLING DISPUTES.

BERING SEA QUESTIONS.
SEGAN FU,
SI-NGAN-FU,
The Chinese Imperial Court at.

CHINA: A. D. 1900 (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER).
SEMINOLES,
United States Agreement with the.

INDIANS, AMERICAN: A. D. 1893-1899.
SENEGAL; A. D. 1895.
Under a French Governor-General.

AFRICA: A. D. 1895 (FRENCH WEST AFRICA).
SENOUSSI, The Sect of the.

NIGERIA: A. D. 1882-1899.
SERAPEION, Discovery of the.

ARCHÆOLOGICAL RESEARCH: EGYPT:
DISCOVERY OF THE SERAPEION.
SERVIA: A. D. 1894-1901.
Abolition of the constitution by royal proclamation.
Final exile and death of ex-King Milan.

BALKAN AND DANUBIAN STATES (SERVIA).
SERVIA: A. D. 1901 (April).

Promulgation of a new constitution.
A new constitution for Servia was promulgated by King

Alexander, at Belgrade, on the 19th of April, 1901. Of the
character of the instrument, the King had previously given
intimations in an interview conceded to the editor of the
"Revue d'Orient," the account of which, translated for the
"London Times," is partly as follows: "Our three Constitutions
of 1869, 1888, and 1901 differ from each other in important
matters of principle. That of 1869 practically amounted to
absolutism, if I may thus qualify any Constitution. It is true
that the executive power retained but few prerogatives, but
that was deceptive, as the rights of the Legislature were
surrounded by exceptions and restrictions which made it easy
to paralyse and annihilate them at any moment. The
Constitution of 1888 had the contrary defects. It subordinated
the executive power to that of the Legislature, only leaving to
the former an altogether insufficient sphere of action. It had
another great fault. It was excessively doctrinaire and
theoretical, affecting to foresee everything and to regulate
everything, so that the legislative power was bound hand and
foot and could not legislate freely. The Constitution which
will be promulgated on April 19, the anniversary of the day
when the fortress of Belgrade was finally evacuated by the
Turks in 1867, is a charter similar to those which organize
the public powers in several countries of Europe, as, for
instance, in England and in France. It settles the form of
government, the powers of the King and of the State, the
rights of subjects, the working of the national
representation, &c. But it leaves to the Legislature the
settlement of all details. What more particularly
distinguishes the Constitution of 1901 from that of 1869 is
that it prevents the use and abuse of ordinances by the
Executive, which will be obliged to frame special laws in
every case—that is to say, laws accepted and approved of by
the King, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies. Thus
legality will henceforth be the regulating wheel in the
machinery of government. The Chamber of Deputies will be much
better organized, as the enlightened classes will be much more
numerously represented. The Constitution of 1901 will also
present great advantages over that of 1888. The Legislature
will control the acts of the Government as far as can possibly
be desired. At the same time the constitutional regime as
established in the new Constitution will give the King all the
power that he ought to retain in a country that is still new,
like Servia, without diminishing any of the inviolable
liberties of the nation.
"I attach very great importance to the new political

institution with which I am going to endow Servia—namely, an
Upper Chamber. Considering that it already exists, not only in
monarchical countries, but also in most Republics, as, for
instance, in France and the United States, I cannot admit that
it should be regarded as involving the slightest aristocratic
tendency or idea. I know my country well enough to be sure
that I shall find a sufficient number of high-class
politicians to recruit the Senate, and that enough will remain
for the Chamber of Deputies. I am likewise fully persuaded
that the legislative task of the Parliament will be much
better performed when the Chamber of Deputies is conscious
that above it there exists a Senate whose business it is to
revise and improve the laws which it has elaborated, of course
for the greater benefit of the nation. Then, again, the Senate
will form a moderating element which was much wanting in our
Legislature. What Servia is suffering from is not any lack of

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