1.

Vertical Center of Gravity (VCG):

Definition: The point through which the total weight of a body or object acts
vertically downward.
Formula: VCG = Σ(m * y) / Σm
Where:

 VCG is the vertical center of gravity,

 m is the mass of each component of the object,
 y is the vertical distance of each component's center of gravity from a reference
point (usually the baseline), and
 Σ denotes summation.

2. Longitudinal Center of Gravity (LCG):

Definition: The point along the length of a vessel through which the total weight of the
vessel acts longitudinally.
Formula: LCG = Σ(m * x) / Σm
Where:

 LCG is the longitudinal center of gravity,

 m is the mass of each component of the vessel,
 x is the longitudinal distance of each component's center of gravity from a
reference point, and
 Σ denotes summation.

3. Transverse Center of Gravity (TCG):

Definition: The point across the width of a vessel through which the total weight of the
vessel acts transversely.
Formula: TCG = Σ(m * z) / Σm
Where:

 TCG is the transverse center of gravity,

 m is the mass of each component of the vessel,
 z is the transverse distance of each component's center of gravity from a
reference point, and
 Σ denotes summation.

4. Vertical Center of Buoyancy (VCB):

Definition: The point through which the total buoyancy force of a floating object acts
vertically upward.
Formula: VCB = Σ(V * y) / ΣV
Where:

 VCB is the vertical center of buoyancy,

 V is the volume of each submerged section of the object,
 y is the vertical distance of each section's center of buoyancy from a reference
point, and
 Σ denotes summation.
 5. Longitudinal Center of Buoyancy (LCB):

Definition: The point along the length of a vessel through which the total buoyancy
force of the vessel acts longitudinally.
Formula: LCB = Σ(V * x) / ΣV
Where:

 LCB is the longitudinal center of buoyancy,

 V is the volume of each submerged section of the vessel,
 x is the longitudinal distance of each section's center of buoyancy from a
reference point, and
 Σ denotes summation.

6. Transverse Center of Buoyancy (TCB):

Definition: The point across the width of a vessel through which the total buoyancy
force of the vessel acts transversely.
Formula: TCB = Σ(V * z) / ΣV
Where:

 TCB is the transverse center of buoyancy,

 V is the volume of each submerged section of the vessel,
 z is the transverse distance of each section's center of buoyancy from a
reference point, and
 Σ denotes summation.

7. Mass Displacement (Δ):

Definition: The change in mass of a floating body due to addition or removal of mass.
Formula: Δ = ρ * ∇
Where:

 Δ is the mass displacement,

 ρ is the density of the fluid in which the body is floating, and
 ∇ is the volume displacement.

8. Volume Displacement (∇ ):

Definition: The volume of fluid displaced by a floating body.

Formula: ∇ = V_submerged = V_total - V_above_water
Where:

 ∇ is the volume displacement,

 V_submerged is the volume of the body submerged in the fluid,
 V_total is the total volume of the body, and
 V_above_water is the volume of the body above the waterline.

9. Longitudinal and Transverse Centre of Floatation:

Definition: The point at which a floating vessel experiences zero moments in

longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively.
Formula: Not easily expressible in a single formula. It involves complex calculations
based on the shape and distribution of buoyant and gravitational forces.

10. Metacentre (M):

 The metacentre is a point in a floating body (such as a ship) where its center of
buoyancy intersects with the centerline when the body is tilted. It's a crucial
parameter in stability analysis of floating vessels.

11. Metacentric Height (GM):

 Metacentric height is the distance between the metacentre (M) and the center of
gravity (G) of a floating body. It's a measure of stability; a greater metacentric
height indicates greater stability.

Formula:

GM = BM - KG

GM = Metacentric Height
BM = Distance between the center of buoyancy and the metacentre
KG = Distance between the center of gravity and the keel

12. Metacentric Radius (BM):

The metacentric radius, also known as the "distance of the metacentre," is the
distance between the center of buoyancy and the metacentre. It's a key parameter in
stability calculations.

13. Moment to Change Trim 1 cm (MCTC):

Moment to Change Trim 1 cm is a measure of the vessel's longitudinal stability. It

represents the moment required to change the trim (the change in the angle of
inclination at the bow or stern) of the vessel by 1 centimeter.

Formula:

MCTC = (W ⋅ L ) / (100⋅ 2240)

W = Weight of the vessel in tonnes

L = Distance between perpendiculars in feet

14. Tonnes per cm Immersion (TPC):

Tonnes per cm Immersion refers to the weight (in tonnes) that needs to be loaded
onto a vessel to submerge it by 1 centimeter.

Formula:

TPC = (Displacement in tonnes)/(Draft in cm)