CHAPTER-1.

INTRODUCTION :-

1.1 BACKGROUND :-
Sawai Man Singh Hospital is the major hospital of Jaipur and Rajasthan state of India. The
construction of the hospital building began in 1934. The hospital is named after Sawai Man
Singh II, then King of Jaipur. The hospital also provides practical training to the students of
the Sawai Man Singh Medical College. SMS hospital is under pressure due to a large
number of patients and rare disease patients from across the state as it is one of the few
government super specialty hospitals.
Sawai Man Singh Hospital is the major hospital of Jaipur and Rajasthan state of India. This
government hospital is staffed with 1500 doctors and 4000 nurses with 6251 beds in 43
wards and daily more than 10000 OPD. Infact it surpassed AIIMS Delhi in terms of number
of patients in OPD and surgeries. There are more than 25 departments in SMS hospital.
Considering the ongoing pressure and amount of patient influx there is a dire need to
increase the number of beds and state of the art technology in medical treatment and
infrastructure. Also there are many other departments have been included under various
sponsored schemes and various budget announcement by Honorable Chief Minister, space
for the same is also to be required in the hospital campus. Apart from IPD tower and
institute of cardiology there is also Construction of new mortuary of double the capacity of
the existing mortuary and development of medical martyr memorial to pay gratitude to the
doctors, para medics, health workers who laid their life in service of humanity.
In view the foregoing, an agreement was entered into between the Directore- Sawai Man
Singh Hospital, jaipur and Jaipur Development Authority, jaipur for construction of IPD
Tower and institute of Cardiology center in SMS campus.

1
1.2THE PROPOSED ADVANCE IPD TOWER :-

The Center would aim to provide state of the art facilities in hospital functioning and
treatment. It will suffice the shortage of beds and improve the diagnosis with advance
mechanism, additional facilities that would be provided shall include air ambulance,
advance diagnostic treatment, VIP suites etc. It will also act as a face of SMS hospital and
its supreme legacy.
The proposed IPD tower is going to be state of the art building which not only would be an
example in the field of hospital architecture but would also set standards for the engineering
and technology integration into operations of building. Being a highly advanced and
technical processed based function, the building will be equipped with complete IBMS
system, smart sensing technology, state of the art, fire-fighting systems. As the building is
proposed to be a vertical tower of approximately 100 m height, the vertical transportation
system would require almost 18 elevators including bed elevators, service elevators and
visitor elevators. Special provision is also being given for elevators to cater to the air
ambulance service on the rooftop.
The project will have all inbuilt facilities including in house F & B services, laundry and
other support systems required for an international class IPD tower. The project has also
considered highway connectivity to all the existing blocks of the SMS hospital including
connectivity to the trauma hospital across the road.
The project requirements are summarized as under :

2
1.2 PROPOSED FACILITIES FLOOR WISE:-

SINCERE ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. 42, LSJ COLONY, JAIPUR-302018

Name of Work: Construction of IPD Tower and Institute of Cardiology
Building at SMS Hospital, Jaipur
AREA CALCULATION IPD BLOCK
FLOOR LEVELS USE AREA(SQM) NO. OF
BEDS
BASEMENT-3 PARKING & SERVICES 5778.20 -
BASEMENT-2 PARKING & SERVICES 3214.90 -
BASEMENT-1 PARKING / SERVICES / 6115.54 -
MORTUARY
GROUND FLOOR RESISTRACTION / 5892.63 -
FOODCOURT / ADMIN
BLOCK
1st FLOOR OPD / SEMINAR ROOM 5223.15 -
/MEDICAL SCIENCE
GALLARY
2nd FLOOR DIAGNOSTIC / HEALTH 3666.91 -
CENTRE / LAB
3rd FLOOR ICU FLOOR 3609.84 98.00
4th FLOOR OPERATION THEATRE / 3609.84 32.00
SICU
5th FLOOR OPERATION THEATRE / 3609.84 32.00
SICU
6th FLOOR WARDS 2234.65 96.00
7th FLOOR WARDS 2234.65 96.00
8th FLOOR WARDS 2234.65 96.00
9th FLOOR WARDS 2167.45 96.00
10th FLOOR WARDS 2234.65 96.00
11th FLOOR WARDS 2234.65 96.00
12th FLOOR WARDS 2167.45 96.00
3
 13th FLOOR WARDS 2234.65 96.00
14th FLOOR DELUX ROOMS 2079.61 28.00
15th FLOOR DELUX ROOMS 2079.61 28.00
16th FLOOR PREMIUM ROOMS 1766.15 24.00
17th FLOOR PREMIUM ROOMS 1766.15 24.00
18th FLOOR PREMIUM ROOMS 1766.15 24.00
19th FLOOR PRESIDENTIAL ROOMS 1331.84 18.00
20th FLOOR PRESIDENTIAL ROOMS 1374.04 18.00
21th FLOOR PRESIDENTIAL ROOMS 1374.04 18.00
TERRACE FLOOR
TOTAL(A) 72001.24 1112.00
Table No.: 1.1
AREA CALCULATION CARDIOLOGY BUILDING
FLOOR USE AREA(SQM) NO.
LEVELS OF
BEDS
GROUND EMERGENCY/OPD/DIAGNOST 1993.75 7.00
FLOOR IC/REGISTRATION
1st FLOOR CCU/CATH LAB 1993.75 29.00
2nd FLOOR OT/SICU 1644.25 29.00
3rd FLOOR ICU 1644.25 32.00
4th FLOOR RESEARCH CENTRE 724.00 34.00
TERRACE
FLOOR
TOTAL(B) 8000.00 131.00
Table No. : 1.2
AREA CALCULATION (IPD TOWER AND INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY)
PERTICULAR AREA (SQM) AREA (SQFT) BEDS
TOTAL (A+B) 80001.24 860813.34 1243.00
Table No.: 1.3

4
CHAPTER-2. SITE CONNECTIVITY AND LOCATION :-

Figure: 2.1
5
2.1 WIND STUDY:-
Wind Rose

Figure: 2.2
The wind rose for Jaipur shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the
indicated direction. Example SW: Wind is blowing from South-West (SW) to North-East
(NE). Cape Horn, the southernmost land point of South America, has a characteristic strong
west-wind, which makes crossings from East to West very difficult especially for sailing
boat.

6
2.2 SUN PATH STUDY :-

Figure: 2.3 (JAIPUR, INDIA - Sun Path Diagram)

7
Figure 2.4 (JAIPUR ,INDIA - Season Graph and Earth’s Orbit)

8
CHAPTER-3. SITE ANALYSIS :-

3.1 Sustainable Design :-

a) Sustainable design concepts have been incorporated in different aspects of the building
design starting from sustainable site planning to simulation and analysis of various
alternatives, leading to optimization of building envelope, thereby reducing external
solar gains.
b) All the design and documents prepared for Civil, Structural, MEP, HVAC, and
c) Firefighting Systems etc. have been in conformity to sustainable aspects.
d) Incorporates principles of energy efficiency and sustainability
e) Incorporated renewable energy measures like
Roof Top Solar Panels
Rain Water Harvesting
STP- Use of Recycled Water

9
3.2 Strategies To Achieve Sustainable Design :-
(a) Water Management
(b) Electric Management
(c) Waste Management

(a) Water Management :-

By Planning Water Catchment Areas to harness Rainwater.
By STP treated water which can be used for Irrigation, flushing.

Figure: 3.1
Balancing these two sources to target a self-sustaining system.
Drip Irrigation Methods.
Super-efficient use of water .
No runoff water, No Evaporation, No Wastage.
(b) Electric Management :-

Figure: 3.2

10
Well Insulated Buildings
Use Of DGU - Double Glass Units.
Minimise Heat Gain.
Provision of Thermal Insulation on roof slabs.

Figure: 3.3

Figure: 3.4 Figure: 3.5

11
(C) Waste Management :-
ACHIEVING SUSTAINBILITY - WASTE MANAGEMENT

Covered waste circulation system inside the hospital

Discreet entry/ exit for Hospital Waste Collection
Separate inflection control block
Segregation of waste of source
Kitchen waste collection
Composting at site - Organic waste convertors
Bio Hazardous waste to be outsource to certified vendors

Figure: 3.7

12
CHAPTER-4. MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION:-

4.1 CEMENT :-
a) If the Contractor is instructed to supply cement, then the following points shall be
applicable:
i) Unless otherwise specified the cement shall be Ordinary Portland cement in 50 kg bags
of 43/53 Gr. as applicable. The use of bulk cement will be permitted only with the approval
of Engineer-in-Charge. For this the contractor will be required to construct proper storage
facility.
ii) A certified report attesting to the conformance of the cement to IS specifications by the
cement manufacturer's chemist shall be furnished to Engineer-in-Charge, if demanded.
Cement held in storage for a period of ninety (90) day or longer shall be tested. Should at
any time Engineer-in- Charge have reasons to consider that any cement is defective, then
irrespective of its origin, and/or manufacturers test certificate, such cement s hall be tested
immediately at contractor's cost at a National Test Laboratory/approved laboratory and until
the results of such tests are found satisfactory, it shall not be used in any work. Contractor
shall not be entitled to any claim of any nature on this account.
b) If the cement is supplied by the Engineer-in-Charge
i) Contractor will have to make his own arrangements for the storage of minimum 10000
bags of cement. If supplies are arranged by Engineer-in-Charge, cement will be issued in
quantities to cover work requirements o f one month or more, as deemed fit by Engineer
and it will be the responsibility of contractor to ensure adequate and proper storage. Cement
in bulk may be stored in bins or silos, which will provide complete protection f rom damp
ness contamination and minimize caking and false set. Cement bags shall be stored in a dry
enclosed shed (storage under tarpaulins will not be permitted), well away from the outer
walls and insulated from the floor to avoid contact with moisture from ground and so
arranged as to provide ready access damaged or reclaimed or partly set cement will not be
permitted to be used and shall be removed from the site. The storage bins and storage
arrangements shall be such that there is no dead storage. Not more than 12 bags shall be
stacked in any tier. The storage arrangement shall be approved by Engineer-in-Charge.
Consignments of cement shall be stored as received and shall be consumed in the order of
their delivery. Different types of cement shall not be mixed together. Incase more than one
13
type of cement is used in any work; a record shall be kept showing the location and the
types of cement used.

Figure:4.1(Storage Of Cement)

4.2 AGGREGATES :-

Aggregates are coarse particulate rock-like material consisting of a collection of particles

ranging in size from < 0.1 mm to > 50 mm. It includes gravel, crushed rock, sand, recycled
concrete, slag, and synthetic aggregate.

Aggregate is a granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-
cement concrete, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a hydraulic cementing medium to
produce either concrete or mortar. Types of aggregates include Coarse aggregate and fine
aggregate. The aggregate of each type is further sub-divided into many types and
classification based on its size. The technique of Sieve Analysis is used for gradation of
aggregate for use in concrete and for other applications.

14
Aggregate is called bound material when it is mixed with cement or binding materials and
referred to as unbound material when used without cement or binding materials.

TYPES OF AGGREGATES :-

(A) Coarse Aggregates :-

Those particles that are predominantly retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and will pass
through 3-inch screen, are called coarse aggregate. The coarser the aggregate, the more
economical the mix. Larger pieces offer less surface area of the particles than an equivalent
volume of small pieces. Use of the largest permissible maximum size of coarse aggregate
permits a reduction in cement and water requirements. Using aggregates larger than the
maximum size of coarse aggregates permitted can result in interlock and form arches or
obstructions within a concrete form. That allows the area below to become a void, or at best,
to become filled with finer particles of sand and cement only and results in a
weakened area.

Figure: 4.2

15
(b) Fine Aggregates :-

The other type of aggregates are those particles passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve, almost
entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, and predominantly retained on the 75 µm (No.
200) sieve are called fine aggregate. For increased workability and for economy as reflected
by use of less cement, the fine aggregate should have a rounded shape. The purpose of the
fine aggregate is to fill the voids in the coarse aggregate and to act as a workability agent.

Figure: 4.3

4.3 WATER :-
Unless otherwise stated the water quality & requirements for concrete will be in conformity
with IS:456 -1978.
a) Water used for both mixing and curing shall be free from injurious amounts of
deleterious materials. Potable waters are generally satisfactory for mixing and curing
concrete.
16
b) In case of doubt, the suitability of water for making concrete shall be ascertained by the
compressive strength and initial setting time test specified in IS-456. The sample of water
taken for testing shall be typical of the water proposed to be used for concreting, due
account being paid to seasonal variation. The sample shall not receive any treatment before
testing other than that envisaged in the regular supply of water proposed for use in concrete.
The sample shall be stored in a clean container previously rinsed out with similar water.
c) Average 28 days compressive strength of at least three 15 cm concrete cubes prepared
with water proposed to be used shall not be less than 90% of the average strength of three
similar concrete cubes prepared with distilled water.
d) The initial setting time or test block made with the appropriate set cement and the water
proposed to be used shall not be less than 30 minutes and shall not differ by more than.
e) It has been observed that certain common impurities in water affect the quality of mortar
or concrete. Many times in spite of using best material i.e. cement, coarse sand, coarse
aggregate etc. in cement concrete, required results are not achieved. Most of
Engineers/Contractors think that there is something wrong in cement, but they do not
consider quality of water being used. Some bad effects of water containing impurities are
following.

i. Presence of salt in water such as Calcium Chloride, Iron Salts, inorganic salts and
sodium etc. are so dangerous that they reduce initial strength of concrete and in some
cases no strength can be achieved. There is rusting problem in steel provided in RCC.
ii. Presence of acid, alkali, industrial waste, sanitary sewage and water with sugar also
reduce the strength of concrete.
iii. Presence of silt or suspended particle in water has adverse effect on strength of
concrete. Presence of oil such as linseed oil, vegetable oil or mineral oil in water above
2 % reduces the strength of concrete up to 25 %.
iv. Presence of algae/vegetable growth in water used for mixing in cement concrete
reduce of the strength of concrete considerably and also reduce the bond between
cement paste and aggregate.

17
4.4 Reinforcement Steel :-

a) All MS reinforcing bars shall conform strictly to IS:432- 1982 and high strength
deformed steel (Tor Steel/TMT) bars IS:1786-2008. All reinforcement shall be clean and
free from loose mill scales, cost, loose rust, coats of paints, oil or other coatings, which may
destroy or reduce bond.
b) All reinforcing bars shall conform to drawings and dimensions shown on the drawing or
where required to carry out intent of drawings or specifications. Reinforcement shall not be
bent or straightened in a manner injurious to the materials.
Bars containing cracks or splits shall be rejected. They shall be bent cold, except bars of
over 25mm in diameter which may be bent hot if specifically approved by the Engineer-in-
Charge. Bars which depend for their strength on cold working, shall not be bent hot. Bars
bent hot shall not be heated beyond cherry red color (not exceeding 845 ℃ ) and after
bending the same shall be allowed to cool slowly without quenching. No reinforcement
shall be bent when in position in the work without approval, whether or not it is partially
embedded in hardened concrete. Bars with kinks or bends not shown on drawings shall not
be used.
Reinforcing bars supplied bent or in coils, shall be straightened before they are cut to size.
Straightening of bars shall be done in cold and without damaging the bars. This is
considered as a part of reinforcement bending fabrication work.
Laps and splices for reinforcement shall be as shown on the drawings. The locations of all
splices except those specified on the drawings shall be approved by the Engineer- in-
Charge. Reinforcement shall not be spliced at points of maximum stresses. Splices shall
have sufficient lap, to transfer the full stress by bond. Unless otherwise stated laps for bars
in tension shall have minimum length of 45 times diameter and for those in compression
shall have minimum length of 35 times diameter. Wherever possible, laps shall be staggered.
Reinforcing bars shall be held rigidly in position before concreting and ensure correct
clearances as indicated on the drawings. All end hooks and anchorage bends shall be
dimensioned in accordance with IS:2502-1963. Welding of reinforcement shall not be
permitted unless authorized by the Engineer-in-Charge.
The Contractor shall see that the reinforcement is laid out correctly. Bars intended to be in
contact at crossing points shall be securely bound together at all such points with number 16
gauge annealed soft iron wire. The vertical distances required between successive layers of
18
bar in beams or similar members shall be maintained by the provision of spacer bars at such
intervals that the main bars do not perceptibly sag between adjacent spacer bars. The
contractor shall provide any temporary gang- ways, platforms, other means of access which
may be necessary to prevent men walking on the reinforcement bars. Fully cured concrete
chairs or blocks not leaner than 1:2 part of cement and sand shall be used to obtain the
correct cover to the reinforcing bars. Brick, timber block, pebble or stone shall not be used
for this purpose. Erected and secured reinforcement shall be inspected and approved by the
Engineer-in-Charge prior to placement of concrete. 49
c) The payment for reinforcement shall be based on weight. The weight shall be derived
from the sizes and corresponding weights given in I.S. hand book. The quantities for
binding wires, chairs, supports, spacer-bars, laps, wastage etc. shall not be measured nor
paid for separately except for laps indicated on the drawings. However, only for
reconciliation purpose the measurement of chairs, supports, spacer bars, etc. shall be
considered.

Figure: 4.4

19
4.5 Mixing Of Cement Concrete :-

The quantities of cement shall be determined by weight. Ordinary Portland cement shall be
taken to weight 1442 kg/m3.The quantities of fine and coarse aggregates shall be
determined either by volume for ordinary concrete and by weight for controlled one. The
proportions of volume or weights specified are based on dry aggregates, due allowance is to
be made for bulking or variation in weight of aggregates according to IS:2386 (Part-III)-
1963.
All concrete shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer until there is uniform distribution of the
materials, and the mass is uniform in color and consistency, but in no case shall the mixing
be done for less than two minutes. Hand mixing shall not be allowed for any concreting
work on the job.
Concrete mix design is the process of finding right proportions of cement, sand and
aggregates for concrete to achieve target strength in structures. So, concrete mix design can
be stated as Concrete Mix = Cement:Sand:Aggregates. The concrete mix design involves
various steps, calculations and laboratory testing to find right mix proportions. This process
is usually adopted for structures which requires higher grades of concrete such as M25 and
above and large construction projects where quantity of concrete consumption is huge..
Benefits of concrete mix design is that it provides the right proportions of materials, thus
making the concrete construction economical in achieving required strength of structural
members. As, the quantity of concrete required for large constructions are huge, economy
in quantity of materials such as cement makes the project construction economical.

Figure: 4.5

20
CHAPTER-5. SAMPLING AND TESTING CONCRETE IN
THE FIELD :-

a) . Facilities required for sampling materials and concrete in the field shall be provided by
the Contractor at no extra cost. The following equipment withoperator shall be made
available at Engineer-in-Charge's request (all must be inserviceable condition)
(i) . One concrete cube testing machine suitable for 15 cm cubes of 100-ton capacitywith
proving calibration ring.
(ii). Six cast iron cube moulds of 15 cm size
(iii). One Lab. balance to weigh up to 5 kg with sensitivity of 10.
(iv). One set of sieves for coarse and fine aggregates.
(v). One set of slump cone complete with tamping rod.
(vi). A set of measures from 0.1 litre to 5 litre.
(vii). One electric oven with thermostat upto120C⁰
(viii). One flakiness gauge
(ix). One elongation index gauge
(x). One sedimentation pipette.
(xi). One Pycnometer.
(xii). Two calibrated glass jar of 1litre capacity

21
5.1 Test of Aggregates :-

5.1.1 CRUSHING STRENGTH TEST:

Standard: 15: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 Methods of test for aggregate for concrete Part IV
Mechanical Properties.
Equipment used:
● Steel Cylinder
●. Sieves (12.5mm,10m)
●. Cylindrical metal care
●. Tamping Rod
●. Balance (0-10kg)
●. Oven (3000)
●. Compression testing Machine (2000KN)

Procedure:
1. The cylindrical steel cup is filled with 3 equal layers of aggregate and each layer
istamped 25 strokes by the roundel end of tamping rod and the surplus aggregatestruck off,
using the tamping d as a straight edge
2. The net weight of aggregate in the cylindrical steel cup is determined to the nearestgram
(WA) and this weight of aggregate is used for the duplicate test on the samematerial.
3. The cup is fixed firmly in position on the base of the machine and the whole of thetest
sample is added in thirds, such third being subjected to 25stokes from tampingrod.
4. The surface is leveled and the plunger is inserted so that it rests horizontallyon the
surface. The whole assembly is then placed between the platens of testingmachine and
loaded at a uniform rate so as to reach a load of 40 tones in 10minutes.
5. The load is then released and all aggregate is removed from the cup and sieved on2.36 IS
sieve until no further significant amount passes in one minute.
6. The fraction passing the sieve is weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 (WB) Aggregate
Crushing Value: (WB/WA) "100.

22
 Figure :5.1

5.1.2 IMPACT TEST :-

Standard:15: 2386 (Part IV)- 1963

Equipment's used:-
The equipments as per IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 consists of
●. A testing machine weighing 45 to 60 kg and having a metal hise with a painted lower
surface of not less than 30 cm in diameter. It is supported on level and plane concretefloor
of minimum 45 cm thickness. The machine should also have provisions for fixingits base
●. A cylindrical steel cup of internal diameter 102 mm, depth 50 mm and n
minimumthickness 6.3 mm.
●. A metal hammer or top weighing 13.5 to 14.0 kg the lower end being cylindrical inshape,
30 mm long, 100.0 mm in diameter, with a 2 mm chamfer at the lower edge andcase
hardened. The hammer should slide freely between vertical guides and beconcentric with
the cup Free fall of hammer should be within 380+5 m
● A cylindrical metal measure having internal diameter 75 mm and depth 50 mm
● For measuring aggregates.
● Tamping rod 10 mm in diameter and 230 mm long, rounded at one end
● A balance of capacity not less than 500g readable and accurate up to 0.1 g.
23
Procedure :-

1. Test sample consist of aggregates sized 100 mm 125 mm. Aggregatesmay be dried by
heating at 100-110°C for a period of 4 hours and cooled
2. Sieve the material through 12.5 mm and 100 IS sieves. The aggregates passing through
12.5mm sieve and retained on 10.0mm sieve comprises the testmaterial.
3. The aggregates to fill about just 1/3 rd depth of measuring cylinder compact the material
by giving 25 gentle blows with the rounded end of thetamping.
4. Two more layers in similar manner, so that cylinder is full.
5. Strike off the surplus aggregates.
6. Determine the net weight of the aggregates to the nearest gram (W).
7. Bring the impact machine to rest without wedging or packing up on the level plate, block
or floor, so that it is rigid and the hammer guide columns are vertical.
8. Fix the cup firmly in position on the base of machine and place whole of thetest sample
in it and compact by giving 25 gentle strokes with tamping rod
9. Raise the hammer until its lower face is 380 mm above the surface of aggregatesample in
the cup and allow it to fall freely on the aggregate sample. Give 15 such blows at an interval
of not less than one second between successive falls.
10. Remove the crushed aggregate from the cup and sieve it through 2.36 mm ISsieves until
no further significant amount passes in one minute. Weigh the fraction passing the sieve to
an accuracy of 1 gm. Also, weigh the fraction retained in thesieve.

Observation :-
Description Sample Sample2Total weight of dry sample (W1 gm)Weight of portion passing
2.36 mm sieve (W2 gm)Aggregate Impact Value (percent) W2/WIX 100.

24
 Figure: 5.2

5.1.3 LOS ANGELES ABRASION VALUE TEST :-

Standard:IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963

Equipment’s used:
The apparatus as per IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 consists of:
●. Los Angeles Machine: It consists of a hollow steel cylinder, closed at boththe ends with
an internal diameter of 700 mm and length 500 mm andcapable of rotating about its
horizontal axis. A removable steel shaft projecting radially 88 mm into cylinder and
extending full length (ie 500mm) is mounted firmly on the interior of cylinder. The shelf is
placed at adistance 1250 mm minimum from the opening in the direction of rotation.
●. Abrasive charge: Cast iron or steel balls, approximately 48mm in diameter and each
weighing between 390 to 445g: six to twelve balls are required
●. Sieve: 1.70, 236,4.75.63.10.12.5.20.25.40.50,63,80 mm IS Sieves.
●. Balance of capacity 5kg or 10k
●. Drying oven
●Miscellaneous like tray
25
Procedure:

1. The test sample consists of clean aggregates dried in oven at 105-110°C.The sample
should conform to any of the grading shown in table I.
2. Select the grading to be used in the test such that it conforms to the gradingto be used in
construction, to the maximum extent possible.
3. Take 5 kg of sample for grading A, B, C & D and 10 kg for grading E., F &G.
4. Choose the abrasive charge as per Table 2 depending on grading of aggregates
5. Place the aggregates and abrasive charge on the cylinder and fix the cover
6. Rotate the machine at a speed of 30-33 revolutions per minute. The number of
revolutions is 500 for grading A, B, C & D and 1000 for grading E, F &G The machine
should be balanced and driven such that there is uniform peripheral speed.
7. .The machine is stopped after the desired number of revolutions and materialis
discharged to a tray.
8. The entire stone dust is sieved on 1.70 mm IS sieve.
9. The material coarser than 1.7mm size is weighed correct to one gram

Observations:
Original weight of aggregate sample = W1 g
Weight of aggregate sample retained = W2 g
Weight passing 1.7mm IS sieve- WI-W2g Abrasion Value = (W1 - W2)/W1 X 100

26
Figure: 5.3

27
CHAPTER-6. PROPOSED LAND OF IPD TOWER :-

Figure: 6.1

28
CHAPTER-7. TYPES OF SAFETY HELMET :-

Table No.: 7.1

29
CHAPTER-8. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE :-

8.1 SCAFFOLDING :-
The scaffolding is a temporary structure which is used in building operations to support
platforms for workmen, structural material and appliances required during construction
traised heights normally more than 1.5 meter This temporary form work is useful in
building construction, demolition, maintenance and repair works. Scaffolding is
erectedeither on one or both sides of the wall. For ordinary work scaffolding may be erected
onone side only but for all superior quality works at must be provided on both sides of
wall.The height of the scaffolding can be adjusted with the progress of the work. Mostly
timber scaffolding is used due to economy.Types of scaffolding or scaffold:
• Single scaffolding
• Double scaffolding
• Ladder scaffolding
• Cantilever scaffolding
• Steel scaffolding
• Suspended scaffolding
• Trestle scaffolding
• Wodden scaffolding

FIGURE 8.1

30
8.2 FORMWORK :-
Formwork is temporary or permanent mould its which concrete or similar materials are
poured. In the context of concrete construction, the false work supports the shuttering.

Requirements of Good Formwork:

● It should be carefully designed, so as to be strong enough to resist the pressure of fresh
concrete and the super imposed loads due to men, materials and equipment etc.
●. It should be rigid enough to retain its original shape without undue deformationwhich is
normally restricted to 1/300 th of span in normal cases.
●. It should be tight enough so as not to allow cement and other materials to leak through
the joints.
●. The formwork should not warp, bulge, bend or sink and should remain true to
thedesigned size.
●. The inner surface of the formwork should be smooth so as to give pleasingappearance to
the finished surface.
●. The inner surface is also applied with mould oil to facilitate its removal.

8.3 SHUTTERING :-
Shuttering or form work is the term used for temporary timber, plywood, metal or other
material used to provide support to wet concrete mix till it gets strength for self support. I
provides supports to horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces or also provides support
tocast concrete according to required shape and sure. The form work also produces
desiredfinish concrete surface.
Shuttering or form work should be strong enough to support the weight of wet concretemix
and the pressure for placing and compacting concrete inside or on the top of
formwork/shuttering. It should be rigid to prevent any deflection in surface after laying
cementconcrete and be also sufficient tight to prevent loss of water and mortar form
cementconcrete. Shuttering should be easy in handling.

31
 FIGURE 8.2

Generally there are three types of stuttering

1. Steel Shuttering
2. Wooden Planks Shuttering
3. Temporary Brick Masonry Shuttering

Steel shuttering:-
Steel shuttering plate is the best type of shuttering because this is water tight
shutteringwhich can hear the load of cement concrete placed on it. This shattering can be
used for horizontal vertical or any other shape required for the work. It gives leve lled
surface whichhas good appearance. This shuttering gives good appearance and pattern
work accordingarchitectural drawings. If the plaster is paired, the thickness of plaster will
be less. Beingwater tight shuttering, the strength of concrete with steel shuttering is
comparatively higher
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 Wooden Plank Shuttering:-
Generally wooden planks shuttering is used by contractors because this shuttering is
cheapand commonly available. But this type of shuttering effects the strength of concrete
andhave some disadvantages which are given below.

Temporary Brick Masonry Shuttering :-

In some cases, labor contractor uses Temporary Brick Masonry in mud for vertical support
of sides of beams, fascia etc. This shuttering should be avoided. This type of
shuttering reduces the strength of cement concrete by soaking cement slurry.

Figure: 8.3

Recommended Period for Removal of Shuttering :-

▪ 48 hours for sides of foundations, columns, beans and walls.

▪ 7 days for underside of slab up to 45 meter span.
▪ 14 days for underside of slab, beams, arches above 4.5 meter up to 6 meter span.
▪ 21 days for underside of beams arches above 6 meter span and up to 9 meter span.
▪ 28 slays for underside of beams arches above 9 meter span
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8.4 CENTERING :-
Is a type of false work the temporary structure upon which the stones of an arch or vault
aretied during construction. Until the keystone is inserted an arch has no strength and need
thecentering to keep the voussiers in their correct relative positions. A simple
centeringwithout a truss is called a common centering. The cross piece connecting centering
framesare called a lag.
The centering is normally made of wood timbers, which was a relatively
straightforwardstructure in a simple arch or vault, but with more complex shapes, involving
doublecurvature, which as a small dome or the bottle-shaped flues of the kitchens of some
Norman period houses, clay or sand bound by a weak lime mortar mix could be used.

8.5 STAGING :-
Materials such as wooden ballies, pipes, props, jacks which support both shuttering &
centering are known as Staging.

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CHAPTER 9- FUTURE SCOPE :-

The future scope of a commercial or infrastructure project like a tower depends on various
factors, including economic conditions, market demand, local regulations, and the success
of the project itself. If the IPD Tower in Jaipur is a commercial or mixed-use development,
its success may be influenced by the demand for office space, retail, residential units, or
other services within the building.
To assess the future scope, you might want to consider the following :

1. Economic Conditions :-
The overall economic conditions of the region can impact the demand for commercial
spaces. A growing economy may lead to increased demand for office spaces and other
facilities.

2. Market Trends :-
Understanding current and future market trends in real estate and commercial developments
can provide insights into the potential success of the project.

3. Infrastructure Development :-
If there are plans for further infrastructure development in Jaipur, it could positively affect
the demand for commercial and residential spaces.

4. Community Impact :-
The impact of the project on the local community and whether it aligns with urban planning
and development goals may also play a role.

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10. SITE IMAGES :-

Image : 10.1

Image: 10.2

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Image: 10.3 Image: 10.4

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11.CONCLUSION :-

On concluding the training report, I would like to say that I got a good overview of Jaipur
development authority (JDA). I learnt about the practical knowledge at site such as
brickmasonry, column and beams construction, shuttering and reinforcement. Learnt
aboutmany instruments at the site. I think this training of 45 days will come good in future
use.Apart from my area of project I also got an idea that “How to do work at construction
site”,which is important in my future.

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REFERENCES :-

1. https://www.thestatesman.com/india/cm-lay-foundation-stone-24-storey-ipd-tower-april-
5-jaipur-1503056778.html#google_vignette
2. https://www.tendersontime.com/india/details/construction-ipd-tower-and-institute-
cardiology-sms-hospital-jaipur-engineering-procurement-and-co-345b0a4/
3. https://www.aboutcivil.org/sites/default/files/2017-09/aggregates-applications-uses.jpg
4. https://sunlabtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/hand-cum-compression-testing-
machine-four-pillar-500x500.jpg
5. https://service.jaipurjda.org/eTender/Tender/Details/10244#no-back-button
6. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/one-of-indias-tallest-hospital-
towers-to-be-built-in-jaipur/article65296751.ece
7. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jda-gets-height-nod-for-ipd-tower-at-sms-
hosp/articleshow/92397973.cms
8. IS 516:1959, Bureau of Indian Standards, Methods of tests for strength of concrete.
9. IS 10262: 2009 Bureau of Indian Standards, Concrete Mix Proportioning-Guidelines.
10. IS 8112: 2013 Bureau of Indian Standards, Ordinary Portland Cement 43 Grade-
Specifications.

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THANK YOU

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