Kirchoff voltoqe Lau)

680 4rH.22o, 3O

R=R+ RetRa = 680 +220+ 330= 1230 CSerieg)

330 26v
=IR =8 13X I0
3 Observathion able itpner
WoltageTheorcboacca-NeiGcotio
Jalue(N)NolueNOI
5.44
S-53.

Ye
 Aim:- To verify kirchoff's curcent lauw_and kinchsff's
voltage lauo in DC clreuts.
ObËective To understand distributton ofvoltage und
Current ln a closed electical clrcit

Apparatug! DC Ammeter Co-o mA),Dc voltmeter

Co-lov),Bread board, connecting uoire, Qual Dc
megulated poer supply ReslstoYS etc.
heory
l Kirchoff' Current Law CKe)/Arst Lao:
kcL State that, in aOy electrial cireuit, the
algebrafc Sum of currerts meeting at a point
Cor junction) is zero. In otber ords, total current
or chage enterin a junction or node is exactty
equal tDhe chare leaving the node as it has
ho other place fo go eXCept to leave, as no chaxge
iS lost witbin the node.
+ Serdting 0
2Tentering
Ihis ideo by kinchoff is commonly Knouon a9 the
conservation of chanqe
(ii) kirchoffsVoltage Lau (kv)/second Lauo!
KVL States that, in any clase loop netoork
the total voltage around the loop is equa to
the sum_ofal valtage dmps Loithin the samne loop
which s also equal fo 2eno. In other 0ords, the
 RHSOto
cloV
Yes
LHSVitvytg
yes 2+)a
yes sd28-9
5:44 S-53
n Pracical Fheoretiel
Notage
Observaion
able
2-68V 330= I03 13X =8 -IR 3
ries) 1230.2 330= +220+ 680 t+==R+Re
Rg R
(alculationS:-ea
.(vo-0 oato9IS 23ri0s
30
-N,e
30: Ww *ar,220 680 vit
Law Voltaqe kirchoff
algebral Sum of all the voltaq es oithin the loop
must be equalto 2eo
Corclusion:
We conclude ttat the Kirchoff's Arst law
CAnd kirchoff's ge cond lauo ane verifed.
(kVL)
I=T2tIa (kcL
 tously
circut
acinq,simultanO1)
0
CI1-ID
Short + 3=O
-610L,
40I
-Iz)t5
-5
-720I
=S 330I2
5-220H-34
2330 -TT
2 (e)C)
q578
mA Vais330-2
1
2
esh
0
Appot-290.I
at.meh
KVL
39O 40 sh I)-720
ore -3 A(L
574lm
I-A
m
alone, me m
+ -5.
-6|0I at -
tat (I,
dv;5 340I 83 -Iz
IIj kvL kVL I,
ii) -3.
PPanT, 340
340
2.20n
and Ii: achnq
V
and 220
Apply Apply
(o
=5V V,+5v calculations.Soluing
is +sV
V,
Calculations:
T:Vi
Case
ICaseV, when
when
 Aim: To study and verify Buperpositfon thearem.

Objectve; To understand Superposition tteorem.

Reguivenents: pC Ammeter (oIomA), Devoltmeter
Co-lOv), Bread BoardConnecting uoimes, Dual pc
equlateo pouer Supply,esistors
Theory:In a linear netuorK Cotaini mare ttan
one independent Sources, the resultant current
n any èlement is the algebraic gum of the.
CCUrYents that 0Qukd bè produced by each
nde pendent source acing alone , all other
lndependent sources be e esented by their
respective internad reslstance.
Conclugion:
Superposition theorem has been verified
theoretically and experimentally
I=I +I
cs assumed nthree cases
This theorem is fundam ental to linear clrcuits
analysis. Tt defnes the behaviour of a linear
circuit hence poviding _basis for other
theoremg.
 circuit ion Yes
) p s Toioigi3mÂ
4SoA
ash13 Prachcal 3-75mA
S:SmA 4-25
Short SSoluingmA(e3
nA)C
G ) .
(O is -i20I-390,6EI2),=0;
açhng-aloneN kVLinmehi
2 +c"
n 4-51
mA
mA meh Theoreco 3-83l
A
=12.534 s
Ra
S340
his I
Iz L:
-120
Ci)
and
(1) kVLi
0012SA
Iz IO623
mA
CO)
I
220 ol pply Appy
340
Calculations Paya
Table
Observcioy
I udAand I' I"
: Vis
(3)
I, I
'wnen 9r30
-o it Solving Case HEHHV, 0V
=0N
2)VSV -SV
3)/V
-o
.Obtaln
clruit
RLC I
in an current
I
current
connected is
LacDSS of inclator
R-L alues
co)th
the
Breadboard,
ammeter
ete. called
multimeter,
R indicator potentta
curTent
and the eads
pháge
reSistor RMS USE
EDUCA
FOR
ls across
it teR n Vi
Bas
V
pure Ve= thevoltage
apure IXL
IR
theoPL.
valçe
the voltaqe be
di£ference
pigita a ls is
study oith
Ohen T egistoy ve the
alernatnq
R
and voltaqe
Appardtus!-
To geries Potentia) ag
voltage
heory. uhere
Aim:
Let the he
Sun
 23410A
LCmA)
147:27
j2CnE)
|c
9:8X10:4A
I;19OV
=
Na 74nf
147-2
=
LCiYCuit
8974
|4
XL= H
H
1ol
=0-237
LCA) |·47S
m
10|
CA)
I
-w 237.
VLcv) VcCv)
3A
|-475xI0
t=V QTfxc
R nE27F
L=
XL
Ve
I=y 980V Vecv)
 EDUCATIONAL
USE FOR Sundaram
(L)nduator the ofValue
calclate
the. learnt
to oealso and CiYcuit
R-L about shudied have we
thatCOnclude
casentwe above heFrom
|onclusion
voltage. the behind Lags Curre
nt
clrcuit R-l series For
 LCmt)
236-4
F=lkH2 jo3
25x
1-
Circuit
R-L-C |.851
V
mH
Ne=
2Vrms03ASe
236.4 C=
2-0I9
x0-le
738
=
=02364 Ve
Cu)
-25x ’ve
3)
2)=&51
A Ve
=o.426V
=
IVR IVe 2T
L÷XL 250V
 observation
main concluded
the and clrcuit RLC serìes of
frequency
He
H2 30 Yesonant the obtain kle
Conclusion:
OcCUYS YeSònance
apaciive the to
equal becomeS isthat
crcuit
tilequency the reactance
of inducttve the
varying
the Resonance
by
into bouqht becan clrcuit 9eries RLC heory:A
colres. Connechng
BNCc, board, Bread apactor inducto,
r,ascilloscope, storage Dlibal ments. |Require
resonance study Objectve'
To
couit RLC
s frequency
of resonant he
obtain To
Aim-
 VES
Observation.Theoreticcl-*itsfejto
yore23Fixio3riurs?
pohisqooxoa'cCHel
ioNeuwe
=10O0
R
otheonei
,94002olliazo
roteíe9r
boor
brood
.s43
=
fr eher
Parcm