TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF

REVEALING
PAST TO PRESENT
PAST TO PRESENT
PRESENT to FUTURE
• The term “generation gap” is attributed mainly to the
changes brought by technology.

• These changes were brought about by the interplay of

different factors but essentially, it was brought about by
science and technology.
 TWO TIMELINES IN HISTORY

BCE CE

2000 BC = 2000 BCE 2000 CE = AD 2000

2000 BC = 2000 BCE = 3950 BP ≈ 4000 BP 2000 CE = AD 2000 = -50 BP ≈ -100 BP

Human Condition
Before Common Era (BCE)
The Human Condition Before Common Era
(BCE)

 Our early ancestors’ primal need to survive paved way for the
invention of several developments. Difficult but in a remarkably
distinct way
The Human Condition
Before Common Era (BCE)

Homo erectus Homo sapiens

• “upright man”
• “wise man”
• Lived: Between about 1.89
• Lived: From Paleolithic Age
million and 143,000 years
(Stone Age) About 200,000
ago
years ago
• Used fire to cook
• Used stone as simple machine
The Ages
Before Common Era (BCE)
1. Stone Age
• Palaeolithic (old stone age)- first use of stone tools
 c. 2.8 million BP – 12,800 BCE
• Mesolithic (middle stone age) - development of technology
 c. 12,500 – 9,500 BCE
• Neolithic (new stone age) – technological and social
development; Homo sapiens sapiens emerged
 c. 9,400 – 7,000 BCE
• Chalcolithic (copper age) – transitional period where copper
metallurgy appeared alongside use of stone tools
 c. 3,700 – 3,000 BCE
2. Bronze Age
 c. 2,000 – varies in every region
3. Iron Age
 varies in every region
Technology in the Stone Age

The Wheel

• used to move
more quickly
through the use
of chariots and
other wheeled
vehicles
Technology in the Stone Age

Flint knapping

• Used to shape
stones for the
creation of tools
• Created by
chipping the stone
away to create an
edge
Technology in the Stone Age

Fire
• Continued using
fire for to control
their environment,
socialization, and
cooking.
• Also used fire
for hunting to
scare animals
toward kill sites.
Technology in the Stone Age

Bow and Arrow

• Allowed humans
to kill their target
from longer
ranges, helping to
keep them safe.
Technology in the Stone Age

Bow and Arrow

Petroglyphs from around the world depict early use of weapons.

Cave art in Spain and France - dating from 10,000 to 5,000 BC -
show men fighting with bow and arrow
VENUS FIGURE

• Depicts a rudimentary carving of a voluptuous woman out of ivory or

stone during the paleolithic period.
Technology in the Metal Age
Technology in the
Metal Age: Bronze and Iron Age

Weaponry
• Allowed cities to
achieve more
successful warfare
and defense
• More efficient
unlike Neolithic
Age
Technology in the
Metal Age: Bronze and Iron Age

Tools

• Used to prepare,
contain, cut, and
cook foods
• Also used as
personal grooming
tool
Technology in the
Metal Age: Bronze and Iron Age

Clothing

• Used fur and

animal skin for
comfort against
harsh winds and
environmental
conditions.
Technology in the
Metal Age: Bronze and Iron Age

Chariot
• Supreme military
weapon primarily
used in battles.
• Two standing
persons, a driver
and a fighter using
bow-arrows or
javelin
Technology in the
Metal Age: Bronze and Iron Age

Chariot

Chariots and horse skeletons found in China which the

archaeologists believe the tomb was dug as part of the funeral rites
of a minister or other nobleman during the Eastern Zhou dynasty
period,
Technology
Before Common Era vs Common Era

CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES

Egyptian pyramids Eiffel tower in Paris

Technology
Before Common Era VS Common Era

WATER TRANSPORTATION MODES

Egyptian depiction Titanic ship circa 1912

Technology
Before Common Era VS Common Era

WAY OF COOKING

Igniting two stones to produce fire Cooking food using microwave

Technology
Before Common Era VS Common Era

AGRICULTURE

Egyptian depiction of Agriculture Modern Tool for Agriculture

The Human Condition in the Common Era
(CE)

HOLOCENE EXTINCTION Also called

Anthropocene
extinction, or “Sixth
extinction”
100,000-200,000 years
up to present
Pertains to the
ongoing extinction of
several species-both
flora and fauna- due
to human activity.
 EXTINCTION
The elimination of a species from Earth.
The Sixth Extinction:
Holocene Extinction

• 1.5 million species have already been

discovered on Earth to date.
• Actual amount of species is estimated between
10 and 100 million, that we don’t know of.
• Approx. 150-270 species are erased from
existence everyday, including today.
• If we keep up what we’re doing now (pollution,
deforestation), it will lead to the extinction of
half of all plant and animal species by year
2100.
HOLOCENE EXTINCTION
Causes of Holocene Extinction

1. Primal need to survive

Causes of Holocene Extinction

2. Growing population
- More demand, less supply
Causes of Holocene Extinction

3. Formation of Community
- Habitat destruction & Urbanization
Causes of Holocene Extinction

4. Illegal Wildlife Trade/

Overexploitation
Causes of Holocene Extinction

5. Global Warming and Pollution

The Rise of Economy

• People had a new objective– gather as much

as possible.
• “those who have many, live comfortably”.
• A self-sufficient community has to
accommodate their depleting resources,
leading them to be reliant to other
communities’ products
• Humanity’s primary goal was changed; from
surviving to live a good life
Advent of Technology

Advancements in medicine, technology, health,

and education.

1. Mortality rate
• Due to technology,
lesser women and
children die during
birth.
• Advance medical
care for premature
infants.
Advent of Technology

2. Average Lifespan
• Science has able
to prolong lives by
enhancing living
status
• Distribution of
remedies &
medicine is more
easier
Advent of Technology

3. Literacy rate
• Access to
education to more
individuals has
made easier.
Advent of Technology

4. Gross domestic
product
• Higher country
income is
brought by high
productivity,
which indicates
the presence of
technology
The Essence of Technology
The Essence of Technology

 Good Life
 Achieve growth
Martin
Heidegger
• Argued that its
“essence” or
“purpose” and being
are different from
each other.
Technology

• A means to achieve man’s end.

• It constitutes human activity, each

period reveals a particular character
regarding man’s being.
TECHNOLOGICAL REVELATION

One of the many ways to

perceive the world. Because of
the technology, we view the
world as a field of resource.
TECHNOLOGICAL REVELATION

NATURE HUMANS
• Renewable and • are reduced into
Non-renewable the amount of
productivity they
are able to render
during their
lifetime
GOOD LIFE

•Is one which is practical in essence; a life

which makes use of our labor and which
we get paid fairly
SCIENCES

 Ultimately, technology aided the

human being in revealing the truth.
Danger!

!
•Because humans rely too much on
technology, they lost sight of things
that matter, reducing nature to their
economic value.
Backtracking the Human Condition
Because of TECHNOLOGY

• Human condition improved

• Improvement was measured by:
• level of comfort
• various scientific breakthroughs
• improved lifestyles (luxury)
DIFFERENT MACHINERIES AID

 Assisting those with

 Exploring the universe places we can thrive
disabilities

 Honing efficiency in industrial

workplaces
Things did not really much differ from before until the present

diseases
and tribe
wars
lack of
competitions
habitable
on resources Some territories
places
in the
world
are still
battling
for
survival
People still wage wars on the basis of races, belief, and
abundance of resources and territory
Pandemic diseases Wars

Lack of resources Lack of habitable territories

RELIGION OR SCIENCE

RELIGION SCIENCE

 A lot of people still  Most of the people

subscribe to religion in especially today depend
explaining the things that on the scientific
they do not know explanation of things that
they do not know
RELIGION OR SCIENCE
People are still trying to discover and
rediscover things that would give meaning
to their lives

Whether it be:
 Honor
 Strength
 Merit

Technology does little aid them

in their pursuit of life’s meaning
Technological advancements

 seemingly occurring in a rapid

pace that our morality cannot quite
keep up

 it offered us one compelling notion

of the truth and the good
The End!
WHAT DOES IT REALLY MEAN
TO LIVE A GOOD LIFE?
 The need to understand the world
and reality was bound with the
need to understand the self and the
good life
 PLATO
The task of understanding
the things in the world runs
parallel with the job of truly
getting into what will make
the soul flourish.

In attempt to understand
reality and the external
world, man must seek to
understand himself too.
 Aristotle
• “TRUTH” is the aim of the theoretical
sciences, the “GOOD” is the end goal
of practical ones
ARISTOTLE AND HOW WE aspire FOR
GOOD LIFE
• Aristotle – the first philosopher who
approached the problem of reality as
“scientific” lens

• The first thinker who dabbled into the

complex problematization of the end
goal of life: happiness
PLATO
Thought that things in this world
are not real and are only copies of
the real in the world of forms.

Change - a process and a

phenomenon that
happens in the world
- constant

Claims that despite the reality of

change, things remain and they
retain their ultimate ‘whatness’
CHANGE
PLATO
• Plato recognized changed as a process and as a
phenomenon that happens in the world, that in
fact, it is constant. However, Plato also claims
that despite the reality of change, things remain
and they retain their ultimate “whatness”: that
you remain to be you despite the pimple that
now sits atop your nose
PLATO
• Plato was convinced that reality is full of these
seemingly constraining manifestations of change and
permanence.
• For Plato, this can only be explained by postulating
two aspects of reality, two worlds if you wish: the
world of forms and the world of matter.
 TWO REALITIES
World of forms World of Matter
The entities are only Things are
copies of the ideal changing and
and the models and impermanent
the forms are the
only real entities.
 Aristotle disagreed with his teacher’s position. He
forwarded the idea that there is no reality over and
above what the senses can perceive, it is only by
observation of the external world that one can truly
understand what reality is all about.
Change – process that is inherent in things
 We all start as a potentialities and move toward
actualities.
Every action that emanates from a human person is
a function of the purpose (telos) that the person has.
Every human person aspires for an end. This end is
happiness or human flourishing.
 All other entities in the world
Potentialities Actualities
Seed Plant

Aspire
HAPPINESS AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE
HAPPINESS
AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE
HAPPINESS AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE
Happiness
No individual- young or old, fat or skinny, male
or female – resists happiness. We all want to be
happy. Aristotle claims that happiness is the be
all and end all of everything that we do. We may
not realize it but the end goal of everything is
happiness.
 What Aristotle actually means is human
flourishing?
• A kind of contentment in knowing that
one is getting the best out of life.
• A kind of feeling that one has maxed out
his potentials in the world, that he has
attained the crux of his humanity.
 Happiness as the Goal of a Good Life
JOHN STUART MILL
• Declared the Greatest Happiness
Principle by saying that an action is right
as far as it maximizes the attainment of
happiness for the greatest number of
people.
• The happiness of each individual should
be prioritized and collectively dictates
the kind of action that should endorsed.
•Man has constantly struggled with the external
world in order to reach human flourishing
•History has given birth to different schools of
thought, all of which aim for the good and
happy life.
SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

•Materialism
•Hedonism
•Stoicism
•Theism
•Humanism
MATERIALISM
MATERIALISM
a person who considers material
possessions and physical comfort as
more important than spiritual values.
 THE FIRST MATERIALISTS

Leucippus Democritus
MATERIALISM
• First Materialists were the atomists in Ancient
Greece.
• Democritus and Leucippus lead a school whose
primary belief is that the world is made up of and is
controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world
called atomos or seeds.
• Atomos simply comes together randomly to form the
things in the world. As such, only material entities
matter.
MATERIALISM
For Democritus,the world, including human beings, is
made up of matter. There is no need to posit
immaterial entities as source of purpose. Atomos
simply comes together randomly to form the things in
the world. As such, only material entities matter. In
terms of human flourishing, matter is what makes us
attain happiness.
HEDONISM
HEDONISM
•Is a term most often used to
describe the philosophy that
pleasure is the most important
pursuit of humanity.

•the pursuit of pleasure; sensual

self-indulgence.
HEDONIST
•a person who believes that pleasure is
the most important thing in life; a
pleasure-seeker.
•comes from the Greek
word hedone "pleasure" and is related
to hedys, which means "sweet."
“ EAT , DRINK AND BE MERRY FOR
TOMORROW WE DIE ”
STOICISM
STOICISM
• Another school led by Epicurus.

• Apatheia original term, means to

be indifferent.

• Spoused the idea that to generate

happiness, one must learned to
distance oneself and be apathetic.
STOICS
•Describes any person,
action, or thing that
seems emotionless and
almost blank
STOICISM
•happiness can only be
attained by a careful
practice of apathy.
•We should adopt the fact
that some things are not
within our control. The
sooner we realize this, the
happier we can become.
THEISM
THEISM
Most people find the meaning of their lives using God as a
fulcrum of their existence. The Philippines, as a predominantly
catholic country, is witness to how people base their life goals on
beliefs that hinged on some form of supernatural reality called
heaven. The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the
communion with God. The world where we are in is only just a
temporary reality where we have to maneuver around while
waiting for the ultimate return to the hands of God.
THEISM
• Do you believe in the existence of at least one god?
If you do ,your fall under theism.

• Does not pertain to how many gods you believe in,

is how you define them, or how you worship them.
Its merely the belief that at least one being of higher
power exist and influence our lives here on earth
TYPES OF THEISM
• Have you ever met someone that
believed in only a single god or
worship multiple gods.
Monotheism
• - is the belief that there is only one
being of higher power. This idea is
associated , Christianity, Judaism, and
Islam, who worship only one god
TYPES OF THEISM
Polytheism
• -is the belief in many gods. A
good example of this is the
religion known to be Hinduism.
Hindu believe in one supreme
god, but also have millions of
other gods and goddess that
they recognize.
HUMANISM
HUMANISM
•As another school of thought espouses
the freedom of man to carve his own
destiny and to legislate his own laws
free from the shackles of a God that
monitors and controls
HUMANIST
• Man is literally the captain of his own ship.
• See themselves not merely as stewards of the creation
but as individuals who are in control of themselves and
the world outside them.
• As a result of the motivation of the humanist scientist
turned to technology in order to ease the difficulty of life
• Scientists of today are ready to confront more
sophisticated attempts at altering the world for the
benefit of humanity.
SOCIAL MEDIA
EXAMPLES
Social Media in communication between two people from two
continents.
EXAMPLES
Technology allowed us to change our
sexuality:
Male individuals can now undergo
medical operation like Breast
implants.
• Whether or not we agree with these
technological advancements, these are all
undertaken in the hopes of attaining the
good life.
• The balance, however, between the good life, ethics,
and technology has to be attained
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
 WHEN
TECHNOLOGY
AND
HUMANITY
CROSS
Technological Devices:
 Television Sets
 Mobile Phones
 Computers / Laptops
 A. Television Sets
According to Kantar Media:
92 % of urban homes & 70 % of
rural homes own at least one
television set
 the current count of household
with TV Set already reached
15.135 million (Noda, 2012)
TELEVISION
A. Television Sets(People Behind)
 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow(1800s)
 a German student, was successful
in his attempt to send images
through wires with aid of a rotating
metal disk that had 18 lines of
resolution, called
“Electric Telescope”.
A. Television Sets(People Behind)
 Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton and
Boris Rosing (1907)
created a new system of TV
by using the cathode ray tube
in addition to the mechanical
scanner system.
Types of TV System:
a. Mechanical TV
b. Electronic TV
 A. Television Sets(People Behind)

Alan Archibald Boris Rosing

Campbell-Swinton
 B. Mobile Phones
 Global Research Agency Synovate
(2010)
67% product ownership in the
country
 Ipsos Media Atlas Philippines
Nationwide Urban 2011-2012
30% of the PH urban population
nationwide said that mobile phones
are necessities in life.
 Mobile Phones(People Behind)
 Martin Cooper
 on April 3, 1973,
 a senior engineer at Motorola
 made the world’s first mobile
phone call
 weighed 1.1 kg and measured 228.6 x
127 x 44.4 mm
 capable of 30 mins. talk and 10 hours
to charge
In 1983, Motorola made their 1st
commercial mobile phone available to
the public Motorola DynaTAC 8000X
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (1983)
Martin Cooper
 C. Computers / Laptops
 In 2010
 3.6 trillion was the total value
output of all manufacturing
establishments
5.4% of the total value output
came from computers and
peripheral equipment and
accessories (PSA, 2013)
C. Computers / Laptops
 Charles Babbage
•Designed the
Analytical Engine
which was used
as the basic
framework of
computers
C. Computers / Laptops
 Laptops
 the first portable computer
 released in April 1981

Osborne 1
Percentage of Household Owns at
least Four Devices:
 89% - mobile phones
 53% - smartphone
 14% - tablet
 39% - desktop
 37% - laptop / netbooks
 4% - smart TV
is mainly used as a platform for
advertisements and information
dissemination.
They are used for
communication like texting
and calling.
  Cell phones

 They use it for different purposes other than for

communication.
 More than half of the Filipinos own a cell phones.
The fact remains that there
are several dilemmas
faced by these
“necessities”
Ethical
Dilemma
These devices make
children lazy, unhealthy,
and develop sickness.
people fixated to technological
devices become unhealthy because they
sometimes skip meals and lack
exercise or any bodily movements.
Alienation
people become reclusive because of
these devices. They became dependent
on these and they no longer take time
to get out and mingle with others.
MOral Dilemma
children can easily search the web and go
to different websites without
restrictions which allows them to read,
see and hear things not suitable for
their age.
appropriate theory which can be
used on these dilemmas that
focuses on the positive rather
than negative.

WH AT IS RESPONSIBILTY?
It can be said that the agents using the
devices are the ones to be blamed for
the undesirable consequences.
 People in the scientific world nor the
children are to blameworthy because
children are not yet capable of rationally
deciding for themselves what is good and
what is bad.
ROBOTICS AND
HUMANITY
ROBOTICS
is the science and the
study of robots.
 A robot is an actuated mechanism
programmable in two or more axes with a
degree of autonomy, moving within its
environment, to perform intended task
 Autonomy in this context means the ability to
perform intended task based on current state
and sensing without human intervention
Full Autonomy
ROLES PLAYED BY
ROBOTICS
SERVICE ROBOT INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
Service robots
is a robot that
performs useful tasks
for humans or
equipment excluding
industrial automation
application.
A personal service robot or
a service robot for personal
use is a service robot used
for noncommercial task,
usually by laypersons.
A professional service robot or a service
robot for professional use- is a service
robot used for commercial task, usually
operated by a properly trained operator.
Examples:
 Cleaning robot for
public places
 delivery robot in
offices or hospitals
 fire fighting robot
 rehabilitation robot
 Surgery robot in
hospitals
 Germany was one of the first
countries to develop service robots. As
part of the German Federal Ministry
of Education and Research’s
“Service Robotics Innovation Lead
Initiative,” it sponsored a collaborative
project called DESIRE (Deutsche
Servicerobotik Initiative-Germany
Service Robotics Initiative) which
was launched on October 1, 2005.
 DESIRE’s Objectives:
 To achieve a technological edge toward attaining
key functions and components that are suited for
everyday use
 To create a reference architecture for mobile
manipulation
 To promote the convergence of technologies
through integration into a common technology
platform
 To conduct pre-competition research and
development activities for new products and
technology transfer in start-up enterprises in the
field of service robotics
 3000 B.C – earliest conception of robots
 Unimate – the earliest robots as people know
them were created in the early 1950s by
George Devol
 Unimate from the words
“Universal Automation”
 Roles played Laws formulated
by robotics by Isaac Asimov

Robots are Law one A robot may not injure a human

being
primarily used to Law two A robot must obey the orders
ease the workload except orders that would conflict law one

of mankind Law Three A robot must protect its own

existence as long as protection does
Robots are made not conflict with
law.
the first and second

for pleasure
They entertain
people
Roles Played by Robotics:
 Law one
A robot may not injure a human being
or, through inaction, allow a human
being to come to harm.
 Law Two
A robot must obey the orders
given it by human beings
except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law
 Law Three:
A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such
protection does not in
conflict with the First and
Second Law
 Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by
Robotics
- Safety. Who should be held
accountable if someone’s safety is
compromised by a robot?
- Emotional Component. What if robots become
sentient should they be granted robot rights?
Should they have their own set of rights to be
upheld, respected, and protected by humans?
Group Skit. Form groups with equal number of
members depending on the class size. Each group
should choose a unique topic and its perceived effects
and the dilemma it entails. Show your stand on a
technological dilemma through a skit. Do not forget to
show the role or roles played by the technological
advancement in the lives of the people. Suggested
topics:
a. Robots that are capable of having emotions
b. Google and stupidity
c. Filipinos’ addiction to different technologies
d. Waze application
e. etc.