SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Brought about by gradual

improvements to earlier

The
Emergence of
from different time periods.
Technology

Developments in this field are

not just products of one time
thought process.
Key Historical Transitions
• Paleolithic Period
• Neolithic Period
• Rise of Ancient Civilization
• Industrial Revolution
The Anthropocene
 • The Human Revolution refers to the remarkable and
sudden emergence of language, consciousness and
culture in our species, Homo sapiens sapiens.

The • Historians call the early period of human history as the

Stone Age.

Human • First humans emerged from Africa, and lived

simultaneously with other hominid species. • First humans
emerged from Africa, and lived simultaneously with other
hominid species.

Origins
other hominid species.
Paleolithic Age • The earliest part of this period was the Paleolithic Age or
the Old Stone Age.
8000 BC
• The Paleolithic Age began about 2.5 million years ago and
lasted until around 8000 B.C.
• Surviving the Paleolithic Age
• Nomadic group of people.
Paleolithic people hunted
buffalo, bison, wild goats, Paleolithic people
reindeer, and other survived by hunting and
animals, depending on gathering.
where they lived.
• Gathered wild nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, and green
plants.
• Fished along rivers and coastal areas.
• Designation of tasks within groups.
• Men – hunting • Women - gathering
 • First tools made by humans
• Technology tools and methods to perform tasks were first used by Paleolithic
people.
• Before this time, sticks, stones, and tree branches served as tools.
• Later, people made devices from a hard stone called flint (hard, sedimentary
crystalline form of the mineral quartz
• First tools made by humans
• Paleolithic people learned that by hitting flint with another hard
stone, the flint would flake into pieces.
• These pieces had very sharp edges that could be used for cutting.
• Flint technology was a major breakthrough for early people.
Over time, Paleolithic people made better, more complex tools.
Spears, bows and arrows made killing large animals easier.
• By the end of the Paleolithic Age, people were making smaller and sharper tools.

• They crafted needles from animal bones to make nets and baskets and to sew
hides together for clothing
Paleolithic humans learned to make
their own shelters.

• People constructed tents and huts of

animal skins, brush, and wood.

• In very cold climates, some people

made shelters from ice and snow. Many
lived in caves.

The first use of fire by humans

 • Development
Communication
of spoken
and Arts
language.

• The spoken
language of
early people • Transfer of
was constantly knowledge
growing and
changing.
 • The wide-scale transition from a lifestyle of
Neolithic hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and
settlement.
Revolution
(10,200 BC • The Neolithic was a period in the development of
human technology
and ending • During the Neolithic age, people lived in small
between tribes composed of families.

4500 and The domestication of large animals resulted in a

2000 BC) dramatic increase in social inequality.
Headed by a charismatic leader
of tribal groups.

The growth of agriculture

made permanent houses
possible.

• Mud brick houses and stilt-

houses settlements were also
common
 THE CLOTHING OF THE • RELIANCE UPON THE FOODS
NEOLITHIC HUMANS WERE PRODUCED FROM
MADE OF ANIMAL SKINS. CULTIVATED LANDS.

• ENCOURAGED THE • PRODUCTION OF SURPLUS

GROWTH OF SETTLEMENTS. CROP YIELDS
 • An array of
Neolithic
Neolithic artifacts, including
Technology bracelets, axe
heads, chisels, and
polishing tools.
Rise of Ancient Civilizations

Sumerian Civilization
Cuneiform – handwriting
• Irrigation and Dikes
• Sailboats
• Wheel • The Plow
Egyptian • Paper or papyrus
Civilization • ink • Hieroglyphics
• Cosmetics and Wig
• Water Clock
 • Silk
Chinese • Tea Production

Civilization • Great wall of China

• Gunpowder
• The Middle “Dark” AgesTerm for western Europe during the Postclassical
Era (A.P. World History’s 3rd time period.

• Middle ages began with the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and ended in
the 1400s.
Middle Dark Ages
Printing Press • Microscope • Telescope • War weapons
• The Renaissance (14th to 17th Century)
• Also regarded as the bridge between the middle ages and modern history
that started as a cultural movement in Italy, it later spread towards the rest
of Europe.
Modern History and the Industrial Revolution (1700s to 1900s)
• The Industrial Revolution Period (1870-1900s) of
time when the face of industry changed
dramatically.
• Lasting impact on the economies of the world
and the lives of the person.
• Introduction of inventions that made the life of
people easier.
The advancement of the textile industry was a key development in the
Industrial Revolution.
James Watt created the first truly reliable steam engine in 1775.
• This invention made locomotives and many of the textile machines
possible.
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground.
• Coal is valued for its energy content
• Industrialization increased the demand significantly.
 • Use of Chemistry
Use of • The large-scale production of chemicals was
an important development during the
Chemistry Industrial Revolution.
• Production of sulphuric acid was pioneered
by the Englishman John Roebuck in 1746.
• Production for fertilizers, detergents, dyes,
explosives, drugs and other chemicals.
 Invention of Cement
In 1824 Joseph Aspdin, a British bricklayer turned builder,
patented a chemical process for making Portland cement.
Agricultural Machines

INVENTIO Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham plough of 1730 was the

first commercially successful iron plough.

NS The Tin Can

The humble tin can was patented by a British merchant
Peter Durand in 1810.
It would have an incalculable impact on food
preservation and transportation right up to the present
day.
INVENTIONS
John Hall and Bryan Dorkin opened the very first commercial
canning factory in England in 1813.
Jean Lenoir invented the internal combustion engine in 1858.
Eventually this engine was used in mass transportation
 Henry Ford was by far one of the most imperative inventors of
the Industrial Revolution.

Camera
Beginning in 1814, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce the first person to
ever take a photograph.
 The development of electricity as a
1700s to source of power had been done by
an international collection of

1900s)
scientists including Benjamin
Franklin, Alessandro Volta, and
Michael Faraday
Telephone

Alexander Graham
Bell created the
telephone in 1876.
 Phonograph

Thomas Edison created the

phonograph in 1877.

• Prior to the creation of the

phonograph the only option for
entertainment was for live musicians
or actors to perform.
• Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright
created the first airplane in 1903.
The Anthropocene (Present)
• Scientists in the Soviet Union appear to have used the term
“Anthropocene" as early as the 1960s to refer to the
Quaternary, the most recent geological period.
• The term was widely popularized in 2000 by atmospheric
chemist Paul J. Crutzen, who regards the influence of human
behavior on Earth's atmosphere in recent centuries as so
significant as to constitute a new geological time.
• Nuclear Weapons
• Warfares have left their mark on geology.
• When the first nuclear weapon was detonated on 16 July 1945 in
New Mexico
Fossil Fuels
• Burning fossil fuels mark Anthropocene age.
Plastic Use

• Plastics, initially developed in

the 1900s, have grown rapidly
since the 1950s, and we now
produce 500 million tons a
year.
• Changed Geology
• Every time we destroy a patch of rainforest, this
changes the future of Earth’s geology.
• We have transformed more than 50 % of Earth’s
land area for our own purposes.
• Deforestation, farming, drilling, mining, landfills,
dambuilding and coastal reclamation are all having
widespread effects on sedimentary processes.
• Disrupting how layers of rock are laid down,
which will be detectable thousands of years in the
future