TAJWEED

`ULOOM-E-QUR`AAN KA EK FANN
ILM SEEKHNE KI AHMIYAT
Surah al-`Alaq ﴾١﴿ َ‫اﻗْرَ ْأ ﺑِﺎﺳْ مِ رَ ﺑﱢكَ اﻟﱠذِي ﺧَ ﻠَق‬

Padho apne Rabb ke naam se jisne paida kiya.

Iske tafseer mein Ibn Katheer ne farmaya: “Allāh ne insaan ke upar bada karam kiya ki Unhone use wo sikhaya jo wo nahi jaanta tha.
Allāh ne bada sharaf ata kiya uss par ilm ke ata karne se, aur yehi fazeelat thi Adam ‫ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮫ ٱﻟﺳ َﱠﻼ ُم‬ki farishto ke upar.”

Surah Aal-e-Imran ﴾١٨﴿ ِ‫ﷲُ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ ﻻَ إِ َﻟ َﮫ إِﻻﱠ ھ َُو َوا ْﻟ َﻣﻼَ ِﺋ َﻛ ُﺔ َوأ ُْوﻟُو ْا ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻠْمِ ﻗَﺂ ِﺋ َﻣﺎ ً ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻘِﺳْ ط‬
ّ َ‫َﺷﮭِد‬

Allāh, farishte, aur ahle-ilm uss baat ki gawahi dete hain ke Allāh ke siwa koi mabood barhaqq nahi aur Wo adal ko qayam rakhne wala
hai.

Iske tafseer mein Sheikh ibn `Uthaymeen ne farmaya: “Aisa shakhs koi bhi nahi hai jo yaqeen mein aur imaan mein mazboot ho jaise
ahle-ilm hote hain, kyuki wohi hain jo Allāh ke Tawheed ki gawahi dete hain.”

Surah al-Fatir ﴾٢٨﴿ ‫ﷲ ﻣِنْ ﻋِ ﺑَﺎ ِد ِه ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠﻣَﺎء‬

َ ‫إِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺎ ﯾَﺧْ ﺷَﻰ ﱠ‬

Allāh se uske wahi bande darte hain jo ilm rakhte hain.

Iske tafseer mein Ibn `Abbas ne farmaya: “Unke bando mein se jo ar-Rahmān ko jaante hain, wohi hain jo Uski ibadat mein shirk nahi
karte; jo bhi Unhone halaal farmaya wo halaal maanta hai, jo bhi Unhone haraam farmaya wo haraam maanta hai. Wo Unki hukmo ki
itaa’at karta hai aur use yaqeen hai ki wo Unse milega aur uske amaalo ka hisaab liya jaega.”
QUR`AAN KI AHMIYAT

Surah an-Nahl ﴾٤٤﴿ َ‫َوأَﻧزَ ْﻟﻧَﺎ إِ َﻟﯾْكَ اﻟ ﱢذ ْﻛرَ ﻟِ ُﺗ َﺑﯾﱢنَ ﻟِﻠﻧﱠﺎسِ ﻣَﺎ ﻧُزﱢ َل إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم َوﻟَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُﮭ ْم َﯾ َﺗ َﻔ ﱠﻛرُون‬
Aur iss zikr ko tumpar naazil kiya hai taa-ke tum logon ke saamne us ta’leem ki tashreeh o
tawzeeh karte jao jo unke liye utari gayi hai, aur taa-ke log gaur-o-fikr karein.

Sheikh-ul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah ne farmaya; “Jab koi Qur`aan ki tilaawat karta hai aur uske ma’ne
ke upar gaur-o-fikar karta hai, to wo ek bahut azeem sabab hai gunaho se rokne ke liye.”

Surah al-Muhammad ﴾٢٤﴿ ‫ب أَ ْﻗﻔَﺎﻟُﮭَﺎ‬

ٍ ‫أَﻓ ََﻼ َﯾﺗَدَ ﱠﺑرُونَ ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنَ أَ ْم ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ ﻗُﻠُو‬
Kya un logon ne Qur`aan par gaur nahin kiya, ya dilon par unke taale chade hue hain?

Iss ayat ke tafseer mein Ibn Kathir ne farmaya: “Beshak kuch dilo ke upar taale hain, mazbooti se
bandhe hain taa-ke uski koi ma’na na pahunch sake.”
TAFAKKUR KE QISME
1. Allāh ke naazil kiye huye ayaat par tafakkur - Fudayl ibn `Iyad ne farmaya: “Qur`aan
isiliye naazil hua taa-ke uss par amal kiya jaye, lekin logo ne tilawat karne ko (hi)
amal samjha.”
2. Allāh ke zaat aur af’aal par tafakkur - `Abdullāh ibn Mas’ud ne farmaya: “Jo koi
chahta ho ke wo jaane ki wo Allāh se mohabbat karta hai ya nahi, phir wo apne aap
ko Qur`aan ke saamne pesh kare. Agar wo Qur`aan se mohabbat karta hai, phir wo
Allāh ‫ ﻋَ زﱠ َوﺟَ ﱠل‬se mohabbat karta hai, kyuki Qur`aan Allāh ka Kalaam hai.”
3. Allāh ke ni’mat aur ehsaan par tafakkur - Uski wasee rahmat, maghfirat aur
bardasht par tafakkur.
4. Apne ayb par tafakkur - Qur`aan padhne se bande mein apne nafs ke tazkiye karne
ki talab paida hoti hai, isse uska dil saaf hota hai.
5. Apne waqt par tafakkur - Allāh Surah al-`Asr mein waqt ka qasam lete hain, isse
waqt ki ahmiyat hame malum hoti hai.
ALLĀH KI KITAAB KO NASEEHAT
Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne famaya: “Deen naseehat hai.” Tamim ibn Aws ne kaha: Humne poocha, “Kisse?”
Unhone jawab diya: “Allāh se, Unki Kitaab se, Unke Rasool se, ulama se, hukmaran aur unke
qaum se.” [Muslim]
Allāh ki Kitaab ko naseehat dena kaisa hai?
1. Uski tilawat karna.
2. Tajweed ke ahkaam seekhna.
3. Uski tafseer jaanna aur uske sabab-e-nuzool.
4. Uska Haqq hone ki tasdeeq karna.
5. Uska Allāh ka Kalaam hone ki tasdeeq karna aur ke Qur`aan makhlooq ka hissa nahi hai.
6. Uska ihtiraam karna aur uska dafa karna.
7. Uske ahkamaat ka palan karna aur uske mumana’aat se bachna.
8. Uski ta’leem dena aur dawah dena.
QUR`AAN PADHNE KI FAZEELAT
❖ Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne farmaya: “Qur`aan padho, kyuki wo yaum-ul-qiyamah ke din guzarish
karegi apne ashaab ke liye.” [Muslim]
❖ Aur unhone ‫ ﷺ‬farmaya: “Tum mein se behtereen wo hain jo Qur`aan padhte hain
aur padhate hain.” [Al-Bukhari]
❖ Aur unhone ‫ ﷺ‬farmaya: “Beshak logo mein se (aise log) hain jo Allāh ke ahliya
hain.” Poocha gaya: “Ya Rasoolullāh! Kaun hain wo?” Unhone jawab diya: “Wo log
Qur`aan ke ahl hain, Allāh ke ahl aur Unke khaas log.” [Ibn Majah]
Qur`aan ke ahl kaise bann sakte hain?
Ibn al-Qayyim ne farmaya: “Qur`aan ke ahl wo hain jo usko jaante ho, samajhte ho,
aur uspe amal karte ho, chahe usne hifz ki ho ya nahi.”
❖ Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne farmaya: “Ashaab-ul-Qur`aan se kaha jaega, ‘Padho aur
chadho (Jannat ke darajaat mein) aur apne awaaz ko sureeli banao jaise
tumne dunyavi zindagi mein ki thi. Tumhara maqaam Jannat mein waha hoga
jaha tumhari aakhri ayat thi.’” [Abu Dawood]
❖ Aur unhone ‫ ﷺ‬farmaya: “Jo koi Allāh ki Kitaab se ek harf padhega, usko ek
acche amal ka ajar milega, aur uss acche amal ka das guna ajar. Main nahi
kehta ke { ‫ } ا ٓﻟ ٓم‬ek harf hai, balke ‘alif’ ek harf hai, ‘laam’ ek harf hai, aur ‘meem’
ek harf hai.” [At-Tirmidhi]
❖ Aur unhone ‫ ﷺ‬farmaya: “Jo koi bhi Qur`aan padhta hai aur uss par amal
karta hai, yaum-ul-qiyamah ke din uske walidayn ko aisi taj pehnai jaaegi jiski
roshni suraj se bhi tez hogi jiski kirane tumhare dunyavi gharo mein padta
hai.” [Abu Dawood]
TAJWEED SEEKHNE KI AHMIYAT
Sural al_Muzammil ﴾٤﴿ ‫ِﯾﻼ‬
ً ‫َورَ ﺗﱢلِ ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنَ ﺗَرْ ﺗ‬
Iske tafseer mein Ibn Kathir ne farmaya: “Aahiste se padhe, kyuki usse Qur`aan ko samajhne mein aur
uss par tafakkur karne mein aasaani hoti hai. Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬aise hi padha karte the.”

Surah al-Qiyamah ﴾١٩﴿ ‫﴾ ُﺛ ﱠم إِنﱠ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾﻧَﺎ َﺑﯾَﺎ َﻧ ُﮫ‬١٨﴿ ‫َﻓﺈِذَ ا ﻗَرَ ْأﻧَﺎهُ ﻓَﺎ ﱠﺗﺑِﻊْ ﻗُرْ آ َﻧ ُﮫ‬
Hum jab use padh le to aap uske padhne ki perwi kare. Phir uska wazih kar dena Hamare zimme hai.

Iske tafseer mein `Abdullāh ibn Mas’ud ne farmaya: “Qur`aan ko aise padhe jaise tumhe sikhaya gaya.”

Hamari namaz baatil ho jaegi agar hum namaz ke andar ke suro ko, azkaro ko, aur duao ko sahi makhraj
ke saath nahi padhenge to. Iska matlab ye hai ki sahi makhraj ke baghayr na hi sirf Qur`aan padhna
gunah hai, lekin hamari namaz bhi maqbool nahi hogi. Sahi makhraj jaanna hamare liye waajib hai, aur ise
na seekhna aur ispar amal na karna haraam hai.
TAJWEED PAR AMAL KARNE KI FAZEELAT
Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne farmaya: “Aisa shakhs jo Qur`aan ko padhta hai aur uski barabar hifz karta hai to
wo unn shareef, farmabardar, safeer farishto ke saath hoga. Aur wo shakhs jo atak-atak kar
padhta hai, uske liye do ajar hain.” [Al-Bukhari]
Iss Hadith ki sharh hai:
● Jo Qur`aan ko itqaan ke se saath padhta hai aur uss par amal karta hai, wo unn Rasool
farishto ke saath hoga jo Allāh ke qareeb hain.
● Jo Tajweed ka ilm haasil karne ke bawajood atakta hai uski tilawat mein, use barabar
padhne ki koshish karta hai, use dohrata rehta hai, aur wo mehnat karta hai aur wo behtar
karne ki chahat rakhta hai, uske liye do ajar hain - ek ajar padhne ke liye aur ek ajar
mushkil uthane ke liye.
● Iska matlab ye nahi hai ke iss dusre shakhs ko pehle shakhs se zyada ajar milta hai, kyuki
pehla shakhs unn safeero ke saath hoga, aur usko wo darja tab hi haasil hua hai jab usne
kasrat se mehnat ki aur mashaqqat uthai.
QUR`AAN PADHNE KE AADAAB
1. Qur'aan padhne mein apne niyyat Allāh ke liye khaalis kare, kyuki Qur'aan ki tilawat karna
ek bahut azeem ibadat hai.

Surah al-Ghafir ﴾١٤﴿ َ‫ﷲ ﻣُﺧْ ﻠِﺻِ ﯾنَ َﻟ ُﮫ اﻟدﱢﯾنَ َوﻟ َْو ﻛَرِ َه ا ْﻟﻛَﺎ ِﻓرُون‬
َ ‫ﻓَﺎدْ ﻋُوا ﱠ‬
Pas Allāh ko pukaaro, Uss ke liye Deen ko khaalis karte hue, agarche kaafir bura mane.

Surah az-Zumar ﴾٢﴿ َ‫ﷲ ﻣُﺧْ ﻠِﺻًﺎ ﻟﱠ ُﮫ اﻟدﱢﯾن‬

َ ‫إِﻧﱠﺎ أَﻧزَ ْﻟﻧَﺎ إِ َﻟﯾْكَ ا ْﻟ ِﻛﺗَﺎبَ ﺑِﺎﻟْﺣَ قﱢ ﻓَﺎﻋْ ُﺑ ِد ﱠ‬
Yaqeenan Humne iss Kitaab ko aap ke taraf haqq ke saath naazil farmaaya hai, pas aap
Allāh hi ki ibadat kare, Uske liye Deen ko khaalis karte hue.

Surah al-Bayyinah ﴾٥﴿ ‫ﷲ ﻣُﺧْ ﻠِﺻِ ﯾنَ َﻟ ُﮫ اﻟدﱢﯾنَ ُﺣ َﻧﻔَﺎء َو ُﯾﻘِﯾﻣُوا اﻟﺻ َﱠﻼ َة َوﯾ ُْؤﺗُوا اﻟزﱠ ﻛَﺎ َة َوذَ ﻟِكَ دِﯾنُ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱢﯾ َﻣ ِﺔ‬
َ ‫َوﻣَﺎ أ ُ ِﻣرُوا إ ﱠِﻻ ﻟِﯾَﻌْ ُﺑدُوا ﱠ‬
Aur unko hukm yehi tha ki ikhlaas amal ke saath Allāh ki ibadat kare, aur namaz qayem
kare, aur zakat ada kare, aur yehi hai mazboot usoolo wala Deen.
Jabir ibn `Abdillāh ne farmaya: Rasoolullāh‫ ﷺ‬hamare paas dakhil hue jab hum
Qur`aan padh rahe the, aur hamare beech Arab aur ajam the, to unhone kaha:
“Padho, aur tum sabki (tilawat) acchi hai! Nazdeek hai ke aisa qaum aaega jo use
qayam karega jaise teer ki ladki ko tez karte ho, ‫ ﺗﻌﺟِﯾل‬karte hue aur na ke ‫ ﺗَﺄﺟِﯾل‬karte
hue.” [Saheeh Abi Dawood]
Iss Hadith ki sharh hai:
● Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬Qur`aan padhne ki targheeb dete hue ajam ki tilawat ka bhi badaai
karte hain, agarche unki tilawat Arab jitni acchi nahi thi, lekin Allaah ke
nazdeek unki koshish mu’tabar hai aur Allāh se sawaab milta hai.
● Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬mustaqbal ki khabar dete hue kehte hain ki aise log aaenge jo
Qur`aan ko behtereen Tajweed ke saath padhenge, lekin unki niyyat usse
ta’jeel ka hai, matlab dunya ke liye hai, aur na ke tajeel ka, matlab akhirat ke
liye.
2. Qura'an ko dil ke haazri ke saath padhna hai, uski Ayato par tadabbur (gaur-o-fikar) karte hue,
uske ma’ne (matlab) ko samajhte hue, usse uske dil mein khushu paida ho, aur ye jaante hue ke
Allaah iss Qura'an ke zariye se usse khitaab kar raha hai, kyuki Qur'aan Allaah ka Kalaam hai.

Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne farmaya: “Ae logo, ilm sirf ta’leem se milti hai aur samajh (fiqh) sirf samajhne ki
chahat se milti hai. Aur jiske liye bhi Allaah agar bhala chahte ho, to Wo use Deen ki samajh ata
farmaate hain. Aur sirf wohi Allaah se wo saccha khauf rakhte hain jo ilm haasil karte hain.”
[Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir]

3. Paakeezgi ke haalat mein padhna - Jo Insaan janabat ke haalat mein ho, wo Qura'an ko nahi
padh sakta aur na hi Mushaf ko choo sakta, lekin uss halat mein Allaah ka zikr aur dua kar sakta
hai. Lekin wo Qur`aan ko zehen mein padh sakta hai, baghayr tilawat karte huye, kyuki uska
tilawat karna haraam hai.

Aur jo aurat haiz ke haalat mein ho, wo bhi Qur`aan ko choone se parhez karegi, lekin haiz aur
janabat ke haalato mein farq hone se, aisi aurat Qur`aan ki tilawat kapde ke zariye, jaise gloves ke
saath, kar sakti hai. Lekin wo ungli se Ayato ko nahi chooegi, bas upar se ishaare karke padhegi.
4. Qur`aan ko napaak jagaho mein na padhe. Aur Qur`aan ko padhte waqt
bawuzu hona behtar hai, lekin waajib nahi hai. Aur Qur`aan ka ihtiram karne mein
se ye bhi hai ke paak kapdo mein padhi jaae.
5. Qur`aan padhne se pehle Allāh ta’la se panaah maangna, ye bolte hue:
‫هلل ﻣِنَ اﻟ ﱠﺷﯾْـطﺎ ِن اﻟرﱠ ﺟﯾـم‬
ِ ‫أَﻋـو ُذ ﺑِﺎ‬
Allāh ki panaah maangta hu shaitan mardood se.
Kyuki Allāh iska farmaan dete hain:

Surah an-Nahl ﴾٩٨﴿ ِ‫ِﺎهلل ﻣِنَ اﻟ ﱠﺷﯾْطَ ﺎ ِن اﻟرﱠ ﺟِﯾم‬

ِ ّ ‫َﻓﺈِذَ ا ﻗَرَ أْتَ ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنَ ﻓَﺎﺳْ َﺗﻌِذْ ﺑ‬
Ta-ake Shaitan use Qur`aan ko padhne se na rok sake, ta-ake Shaitan use uljha
na sake sahi faham se, ta-ake Shaitan use tafakkur karne se na rok sake.
6. Qura'an padhte waqt apni awaaz ko meethi kare.
Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne farmaya: “Allāh kisi bhi cheez ko waise nahi sunta jaise wo apne Nabi ko
sunta hai, jab wo Qur`aan ko padhte waqt apne sur ko meethi karte hain, husn awaaz ke
saath aur awaaz ko oonchi karte hue.” [Al-Bukhari]
Al-Baraa ibn `Aazib ne farmaya: “Maine Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ko `Isha mein { ‫ } َوٱﻟﺗﱢﯾ ِن َوٱﻟزﱠ ْﯾﺗُو ِن‬padhte
hue suna, aur maine unse behtar awaaz ya qiraat nahi suni.” [Al-Bukhari]
Lekin agar Qur'aan padhne wale ke atraaf aise log hain jinhe unki qiraat se pareshani ya
thes hogi, jaise koi namaz padh raha ho ya so raha ho, to Qur'aan ko oonchi awaaz se
tilawat nahi karna hai.
7. Mushaf ka ihtiram karna - Usme likhna jaiz nahi hai, aur usko saaf jagaho mein
rakhna, upari jagaho mein. Agar namaz padhte waqt use upar rakhna mumkin nahi hai,
to uss waqt ke liye saaf zameen ke upar rakh sakte hain. Aur mushaf ke taraf hume apne
paao rukn nahi karna hai, ye haraam hai.
8. Qur`aan ko tarteel ke saath padhi jaye

Surah al-Muzammil ﴾٤﴿ ‫َورَ ﺗﱢلِ ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنَ ﺗَرْ ﺗِﯾﻠًﺎ‬

Aur Qur`aan ko ther-therkar padha karo

Umm Salamah ne farmaya: “Wo ‫ ﷺ‬kaat-kaat kar padhte the ayato ko: { َ‫ } ٱﻟْﺣَ ْﻣ ُد ِ ﱠ ِ رَ بﱢ ٱﻟْﻌَ ٰـ َﻠﻣِﯾن‬phir rukte the,{ ِ‫ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣْ َﻣ ٰـ ِن ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣِﯾم‬
} phir rukte the.” [Al-Jami` as-Sagheer]

Ibn Mas’ud ne farmaya: “Wo ‫ ﷺ‬na hi Qur`aan ko tezi se kaat-te baalo ko kaatne ke tarah, na use bikherte rethi ko
bikherne ke tarah, wo ajaibaat Ayato par rukte the, jisse dile hil padte. Aur kisi ka bhi fikr ye nahi honi chahiye ke Surah
kab khatam hogi.” [Ibn Abi Shaybah]

9. Sajde ke Ayato ke aane par sajda karna, aur behtar hai ki wuzu ke haalat mein ho, chahe din ho ya raat.

Ibn Taymiyyah ne farmaya: “Chahe bawuzu ho ya na ho, ‫ ﷲ أﻛﺑر‬bolkar sajde mein jaae aur ‫ ُﺳﺑْﺣَ ﺎنَ رَ ﺑﱢﻲَ اﻷَﻋْ ﻠَﻰ‬bole aur phir
(chahe to) dua kare, phir sajde se uthe baghayr Takbeer ke aur na hi Tasleem, kyuki ye Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬se saabit nahi hai.”

Lekin Ibn Mas’ud ne farmaya: “Maine Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ko Takbeer kehte hue dekha har uthne, jhukne, therne aur baithne ke
saath.” [Saheeh an-Nasaa`i]
10. Qur`aan ki tilawat karte waqt beech na bolna, ya Qur`aan ko sunte waqt, ya un jagaho mein
na padhna jaha uski tilawat use sunai na de kyuki ye Allāh ki Kitaab ko tauheen karna ya
nazarandaz karne jaisa hai.

Surah al-A`raaf ﴾٢٠٤﴿ َ‫َوإِذَ ا ﻗُرِ ئَ ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنُ ﻓَﺎﺳْ َﺗ ِﻣﻌُو ْا َﻟ ُﮫ َوأَﻧﺻِ ﺗُو ْا ﻟَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُﻛ ْم ﺗُرْ ﺣَ ﻣُون‬
Aur jab Qur`aan padha jaya kare to us ke taraf kaan laga diya karo aur khamosh raha karo,
umeed hai ki tum par rahmat ho.

Surah al-Furqan ﴾٧٣﴿ ‫ﺻ ّﻣًﺎ َوﻋُﻣْ ﯾَﺎﻧًﺎ‬

ُ ‫ت رَ ﱢﺑ ِﮭ ْم َﻟ ْم َﯾﺧِرﱡ وا ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾﮭَﺎ‬
ِ ‫َواﻟﱠذِﯾنَ إِذَ ا ُذ ﱢﻛرُوا ﺑِﺂﯾَﺎ‬
Aur jab unhe unke Rabb ke Kalaam ki Ayate sunai jati hain to wo andhe behre hokar unpar nahi
girte.
Aur agar kisi ki qiraat husn hai, to use sunna aur bhi afzal hai.
Ek Hadith mein riwayat aati hai ki Ibn `Umar Qur`aan padhte waqt tab tak baat nahi karte the jab
tak unhone apni tilawat mukammal na ki ho.
11. Qur`aan padhte waqt apne hont ko hilana, kyuki agar zubaan harakat nahi kar raha hai, to ise
tilawat nahi, nazira karna bolte hain. Tilawat sirf zubaan ke harkat se hi ho sakta hai.

Surah al-Qiyamah ﴾١٦﴿ ‫َﻻ ﺗُﺣَ رﱢ كْ ِﺑ ِﮫ ﻟِﺳَ ﺎﻧَكَ ﻟِﺗَﻌْ ﺟَ َل ِﺑ ِﮫ‬

Aap Qur`aan ko jaldi (yaad karne) ke liye apni zubaan ko harkat na de.

Iss se saabit hota hai ki Qur`aan ko padhte waqt zubaan ko harkat dena hai.

Ma`mar ne Khabbab se poocha: “Kya Rasoolullāh ‫ ﷺ‬Zuhr aur `Asr (ke namazo) mein Qur`aan
padhte the?” Khabbab ne kaha: “Haan.” Humne poocha: “Kaise malum hua aapko?” Unhone
kaha: “Unke daadi ke hilne se.” [Al-Bukhari]

Jamaat mein Zuhr aur `Asr ke namazo mein jahr nahi hoti, matlab ye ahiste wale namaze hain,
isiliye Ma`mar ne ye sawaal poocha ye janne ke liye ki Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬tilawat karte bhi the ya nahi.
Isse saabit hota hai ki hont hilana waajib hai, aur ise kare baghayr namaz durust nahi hoti.
12. Qur`aan padhne ke liye roz waqt nikaalna

Surah al-Furqan ﴾٣٠﴿ ‫َوﻗَﺎ َل اﻟرﱠ ﺳُو ُل ﯾَﺎ رَ بﱢ إِنﱠ ﻗ َْوﻣِﻲ اﺗﱠﺧَ ذُوا ھَذَ ا ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنَ َﻣ ْﮭﺟُورً ا‬
Aur Rasool kahega ke, “Aae mere Rabb! Beshak mere ummat ne iss Qur`aan ko
chod rakha tha.”

Qur`aan ko chod dene mein se ye bhi hai ke koi uski tilawat roz na kare. Qur`aan
ke ihtiram karne mein se hai ke use har din padhi jaye.

Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬ne farmaya: “Qur`aan se mu’ahada (commitment) karo kyuki uss Zaat
ki qasam Jiske Haath mein meri jaan hai, wo bandhe huye oont se bhi tezi se nikal
jati hai (zehen se).” [Al-Bukhari]
TAJWEED KA MUQADDIMA
Tajweed ki:
1. Tareef -
a. Lughawi - kisi cheez ko kamaal ke saath karna.
b. Shar`i - harf ko uske asal makhraj ke saath bayaan karna.
2. Mauzu - Qur`aan ke alfaaz ke baare mein baat karta hai uske haqq ada karte
huye aur sifaat ke saath padhte hue.
3. Faide -
a. Allāh ki Kalaam ki hifazat karna.
b. Insaan ke zubaan ko ghaltiyo se hifazat karna.
c. Sawaab haasil karna iss dunya mein aur akhirat mein.
4. Fazeelat - Allāh ke logo (ahliya) mein se hona.
5. Nisbat - `Uloom-e-Qur`aan ke andar aati hai.
6. Musannif -
a. Amali taur par - Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬se
b. Likhne ke taur par (lekhak) -
i. Abu `Ubaid Qasim ibn Sallaam
ii. Abu `Amr ad-Doori
iii. Ibn Mujahid
7. Akhaz (liya hua) - Rasoolullāh ‫ ﷺ‬se, jinhone Jibreel ‫ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟﺳﻼم‬se liya, jinhone
Allāh ‫ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﮫ وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬se liya.
8. Shar`i hukm -
a. Amalan (Practical) - Farz-e-ayn, ya’ne har shakhs par waajib hai ke Qur`aan
ko sahi makhraj aur sifaat ke saath padhi jaae.
b. Nazri (Theoretical) - Farz-e-kifayah, ya’ne sirf kuch hi logo par waajib hai
Tajweed ke ahkaam ko jaanna aur sikhana. Agar kuch log ek jageh mein iss
farz ko utha leta hai, to baqiyo ke upar se gunah ka bhoj uth jata hai.
9. Masdar - Lafz ‫ ﺗﺟوﯾد‬ka masdar hai ‫ج ود‬, jiska ma’na hai ‘kaamil taur se karna’.
10. Masaail (Kya seekhte hain) -
a. Makharij-e-huroof
b. Sifaat-e-huroof
c. Ahkaam (rulings)
QUR`AAN PADHNE KE TEZI
Qur`aan padhne ke tezi teen maraatib pe hain:

1. ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬- Ahiste se padhna, sukoon ke saath, bagher kheenchte huye. Iss tezi par padhna
sabse afzal hai, kyuki aise padhne se ghaltiyo se zubaan mehfuz rehti hai.
2. ‫ اﻟﺤﺪر‬- Tezi se padhna. Jo shakhs tezi se padhna chahta hai, use chahiye ki wo Tajweed ke
ahkaam ko mukammal karte huye padhe. Agar kisi ki Tajweed barabar na ho, to use iss tezi
mein nahi padhna hai warna usse ghaltiya hone ke imkanaat hain.
3. ‫ اﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ‬- Inn dono teziyo ke beech hai ye tezi, ya’ne na ahiste se padhna, na tezi se padhna,
balke uske beech mein rehna.

Allāh ne Qur`aan ko ‫ ﺗرﺗﯾل‬ke saath padhne ka hukm diya. Tarteel lafz ka masdar hai ‫ ر ت ل‬jiska
ma’na aata hai qitaar bandhna (form a queue). Ya’ne, hume Qur`aan ko har harf ke sahi makhraj
ke saath padhna hai, saaf andaaz mein, chahe koi bhi tezi ho.
RIWAYAH HAFS `AN `AASIM
Imam `Aasim Abu Bakr al-Kufi (wafaat: 127H) Qur`aan ke saath mash-hoor qariyo
mein se the. Unke mash-hoor shuyukh mein se the Abu Abdir-Rahman as-Sulami,
Zir ibn Hubaysh. Unke mash-hoor shagirdo mein se the Shu`bah ibn `Ayyash,
Hafs ibn Sulayman, jinhone unse rivayat ki. Imam Abul-Qasim ibn Firrah
ash-Shatibiyy ne Imam `Aasim se do raviyo ko chuna - Imam Hafs aur Imam
Shu`bah.

Imam `Aasim ki qiraat ki sanad kya hai?

`Aasim ibn Abi-Najud → Abu `Abdir-Rahmaan as-Sulami aur Zir ibn Hubaysh →
`Uthman ibn `Affan aur `Abdullah ibn Mas`ud → Rasoolullāh ‫ﷺ‬
Imam Abu `Umar Hafs al-Asadi al-Kufi (w. 180H) ki rivayat sabse mash-hoor hai
dunya mein. Wo Imam `Aasim ke sautele bete the. Unki rivayat ki sanad hai: Hafs
→ `Aasim → Abu `Abdir-Rahman as-Sulami → `Ali ibn Abi Talib → Rasoolullāh
‫ﷺ‬
Imam Abu Baakr ash-Shu`bah al-Asadi al-Kufi (w. 193H) ki rivayat ki sanad hai:
Shu`bah → `Aasim → Zir ibn Hubaysh → `Uthman ibn `Affan → Rasoolullaah
‫ﷺ‬
Imam ash-Shatibiyy al-Andalusi (w. 590H) ka tareeqa aaj saari dunya mein
mash-hoor hai.
ISTI`AADHAH - PANAAH MAANGNA
❖ Allāh farmate hain:

Surah an-Nahl ﴾٩٨﴿ ِ‫ِﺎهلل ﻣِنَ اﻟ ﱠﺷﯾْطَ ﺎ ِن اﻟرﱠ ﺟِﯾم‬

ِ ّ ‫َﻓﺈِذَ ا ﻗَرَ أْتَ ا ْﻟﻘُرْ آنَ ﻓَﺎﺳْ َﺗﻌِذْ ﺑ‬

To jab tum Qur'aan padhna chahte ho, to Allāh ki panaah maango Shaytan mardood se

❖ Isti`adhah lafz ka masdar hai ‫ع و ذ‬, jiska matlab hai 'panaah maangna'.
❖ Ibn al-Qayyim ne iska Shar'i matlab bayaan kiya:

‫اﻟﮭروب ﻣن ﺷﻲء ﺗﺧﺎﻓﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻣن ﯾﻌﺻﻣك ﻣﻧﮫ‬

Matlab 'kisi cheez se firaar hona jisse tum darte ho aur uske paas jaana jo tumhe usse bacha sake'.

❖ Isti`adhah kya hai?

Iss jumle ke liye istemal hota hai - ‫أﻋوذ ﺑﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺷﯾطﺎن اﻟرﺟﯾم‬

❖ Isti`adhah ko kab bolna hai (Qur'aan padhne ke baad ya pehle)?

Yaha jo harf ‫ إذا‬istemal kiya gaya hai, wo shuru karne ke ma'ne mein aata hai. To iska matlab hai ki jab bhi
aap Qur'aan padhne ka irada karte hain, jab shuru karte hain, tab bolna hai.

❖ Isti`adhah bolne ka Shar`i hukm kya hai (Waajib ya mustahabb)?

Ise bolna mustahabb, ya'ne bahut accha amal hai aur ajar paane ka sabab hai.

❖ Isti`adhah bolne ke tareeqe:

1. Ahiste se bolna -

● Jab padhne wala akele padh raha ho.

● Namaz mein ahiste se bolna hai.
● Halaqa mein jab padhte hain to pehle padhne wala shakhs zor se padhta hai aur baqi ke saare ahiste
se padhenge.

2. Zor se bolna -

● Jab padhne wale ke atraf log hain aur uski qiraat ko sun rahe hain.
● Halaqa mein pehle padhne wala shakhs.
BASMALAH
❖ Basmalah iss jumle ko kehte hain - ‫ﺑﺎﺳم ﷲ اﻟرﺣﻣن اﻟرﺣﯾم‬
Shuru Allāh ka naam lekar, jo bada Meherbaan, nihaayat Raham karne wala hai.
❖ Basmalah ke jumle mein ‫ ب‬ka ma'na hai ‫ﺑﺎء اﻹﺳﺗﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬, aur iss jumle mein fel chupa hua hai.
Iska matlab hai ki 'main Allāh ki madad se (ye kaam) shuru karta hu'.
❖ Iss jumle mein ‫ اﺳم ﷲ‬sirf ek hi naam nahi, balke ‫ٱهلل‬
ِ ٰ‫ أَﺳْ ﻣَﺎ ُء ﱠ‬ke ma’ne mein aata hai, ya’ne
Allāh ke saare naam iss jumle mein shaamil hain.
❖ To jab bhi hum Qur'aan padhte hain, to hum keh rahe hain, "Main Allāh ke har naam ke
waseele se madad talab kar raha hu padhne ke liye." Kyuki Allāh ke hi madad se hum
koi bhi kaam karne ki kabiliyat rakh sakte hain, warna hum aajiz hain.
❖ Jab bhi hum Qur'aan padhte hain, hum iss jumle ka istemaal karte hain.
❖ Allāh ka naam ‫ اﻟرﺣﻣن‬Unki aam rehmat ke liye hai, jo ghayr-qaum aur janwar ko
mushtamil karti hai aur Unka naam ‫ اﻟرﺣﯾم‬Unki khaas rehmat ke liye, jo sirf mu’mino ke
liye hai.
❖ Jab hum dusre kaam karte hain, tab hum sirf ‫ ﺑﺎﺳم ﷲ‬bolte hain. Jab hum koi bhi amal
karte hain, to bismillah bolna munasib hai.
❖ Bismillāh bolne ke faide:

1. Allāh se barkat talab karna.

2. Kisi bhi amal ka shuruwat khalis Allāh ke naam se karna.

❖ Basmalah har Sure ki shuruwat karti hai siwae Surah ‫اﻟﺗوﺑﺔ‬, jisko Surah ‫ اﻟﺑراءة‬bhi kehte
hain. To basmalah bole baghayr surato ko shuru nahi kiya ja sakta, ye haraam hai.
❖ Ye apne mein hi ek aayat hai, ya’ne Surato ka hissa nahi hai.
❖ Ye Surato ke beech faasla karti hai.
❖ Namaz mein basmalah ko ahiste se bolna hai kyuki Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬aise hi kiya karte the.

Anas ibn Malik ne farmaya: “Maine namaz padha Rasoolullāh ‫ﷺ‬, Abu Bakr, `Umar, aur
`Uthman ke saath aur maine kisi ko bhi ‫ ﺑﺎﺳم ﷲ اﻟرﺣﻣن اﻟرﺣﯾم‬ko zor se bolte huye nahi suna.”
[Muslim]
SURAH AL-FATIHAH KI FAZEELAT
❖ Jaha surah ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺣﺔ‬ka sawaal hai, to iss sure par ulama ka ikhtilaf hai ke basmalah iss sure ka hissa hai
ya nahi. Jo sabse mash'hoor qiraat hai, wo hai Hafs `an `Aasim, iss qiraat mein surah al-Fatihah
basmalah se shuru hota hai, aur dusre kuch qiraato mein bhi.
❖ Hadith Qudsi mein aati hai ke Allāh ne farmaya: “Maine Salaat ko do hisso mein baanta mere aur
mere bande ke beech, aur mere bande ko milega jo bhi wo mere se mangega. Jab wo bolta hai ‫ٱﻟْﺣَ ْﻣ ُد‬
َ‫هلل رَ بﱢ ٱﻟْﻌَ ٰـ َﻠﻣِﯾن‬
ِ ‫ ِ ﱠ‬Allāh ta’la bolte hain, ‘Mere bande ne meri hamd bayaan ki.’ Aur jab wo bolta hai ‫ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣْ َﻣ ٰـ ِن‬
ِ‫ ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣِﯾم‬Allāh ta’la bolte hain, ‘Mere bande ne meri sana bayaan ki.’ Aur jab wo bolta hai ‫ َﻣ ٰـﻠِكِ ﯾ َْومِ ٱﻟدﱢﯾ ِن‬Wo
bolte hain, “Mere bande ne meri shandari bayaan ki.’ Aur phirse bolte hain, ‘Mere bande ne (uske
maamlo ko) mere hawale kar diya.’ Phir jab wo bolta hai ُ‫ إِﯾﱠﺎكَ ﻧَﻌْ ُﺑ ُد َوإِﯾﱠﺎكَ ﻧَﺳْ َﺗﻌِﯾن‬Wo bolte hain, ‘Ye mere
aur mere bande ke beech hai aur mere bande ko milega jo bhi wo mere se mangega.’ Phir jab wo
bolta hai َ‫ب ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم َو َﻻ ٱﻟﺿﱠﺂﻟﱢﯾن‬ِ ‫ ٱھْ ِدﻧَﺎ ٱﻟﺻﱢرَٰ طَ ٱ ْﻟﻣُﺳْ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم * ﺻِ رَٰ طَ ٱﻟﱠذِﯾنَ أَﻧْﻌَ ﻣْتَ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم ﻏَ ﯾْرِ ٱ ْﻟﻣَﻐْ ﺿُو‬Wo bolte hain, ‘Ye mere bande
ke liye hai aur mere bande ko milega jo bhi wo mere se mangega.’” [Muslim]
❖ Yaha, Allāh ne surah al-Fatihah ko as-Salaah ka laqab diya.
❖ Yaha, Allāh ne basmalah ki zikr nahi ki. Isse malum hota hai ki basmalah surah al-Fatihah ka hissa
nahi hai, jaise basmalah dusre surato ka bhi hissa nahi hai.
❖ Isliye, basmalah ko namaz mein zor se nahi boli jati, kyuki ye koi bhi surat ka hissa nahi hai.
SURATO KO SHURU KARNE KE TAREEQE
Isti`adhah aur basmalah ko kaise istemaal karna hai Qur`aan padhte waqt?

Iske paanch qism hain:

1. Jab tilawat shuru kar rahe ho aur Surat ke shuruwat se ho -

a. Ist`adhah, basmalah aur Surat ki pehli ayat ko ek dusre se kaatkar padhna.

b. Inn teeno ko ek dusre se jodhkar padhna.
c. Basmalah aur Surat ki pehli ayat ko jodhna.
d. Isti`adhah aur basmalah ko jodhna.

2. Jab tilawat Surat ke beech se shuru karte ho -

a. Isti`adhah aur ayat ko kaatkar padhna.

b. Isti`adhah aur ayat ko jodhkar padhna.

Istasna (Exception): Agar ayat ki shuruwat Allāh ke naam ya naamo se ho, ya Unke Sifaat se ho, ya zameer (pronoun) se
ho jo Allāh ke taraf laut-ta hai, ya Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬ke naam se ho, phir inn ayato ko sirf isti`adhah se shuru nahi karna hai,
balke basmalah bhi bolna hai. Kyuki, agar hum aisa nahi karenge, to jab koi inn ayato ko shuru karta hai shaytan ka Allāh
se panaah maangkar, phir aisa lagega jaise wo ism ya zameer shaytan ke taraf laut rahi ho, jo bahut ghinauni ma’na dega.
3. Basmalah ko do musalsal Surato ke beech bolne ke tareeqe -
a. Pehli Surat ki akhri ayat, basmalah, aur agle Surat ki pehli ayat ko kaatkar padhna.
b. Inn teeno ko jodhkar padhna.
c. Basmalah aur agle Surat ki pehli ayat ko jodhna.
4. Basmalah ko do ghayr-musalsal Surato ke beech bolne ke tareeqe -
a. Pehli Surat ki akhri ayat, basmalah, aur agle surat ki pehli ayat ko kaatkar padhna.
b. Basmalah aur agle Surat ki pehli ayat ko jodhna.
5. Surah al-Anfal aur Surah at-Taubah ko jodhne ke tareeqe -
a. Surah al-Anfal ki akhri ayat ke baad rukhna aur saans lena, phir surah at-Taubah shuru
karna.
b. Surah al-Anfal ki akhri ayat ke baad rukhna aur ek hi saans mein surah at-Taubah shuru
karna. Iss tareh ke rokhne ko ُ‫ اﻟ ﱠﺳﻛْ ت‬kehte hain.
c. Surah al-Anfal ki akhri ayat ko aur surah at-Taubah ki pehli ayat ko jodhna.
AL-LAHAN - GHALTI
‫ ﻟﺣن‬ka matlab hai wo ghaltiya jo Qur`aan ke padhte waqt hoti hain. Ye ghaltiya do qism ke hoti hain -

1. ‫ ﻟﺣن ﺟﻠﻰ‬unn saaf aur zahiri ghaltiyo ko kehte hain jinhe karne se har haal mein parhez karna hai. Ye
ghalti wazih hai, sabko pata chal jata hai. Ye ghaltiya lafz ke bunyad se talluq rakhta hai - ya to harf se, ya
harakat se. Inn ghaltiyo se Qur`aan ka ma’na-mafhoom badalta hai, isliye ye ghalti karna haraam hai aur
shakhs gunah pata hai. Ibn Taymiyyah ne aise shakhs ke peeche talib-e-ilm ke namaz padhne ko
makrooh qaraar diya.

a. Harf ke talluq se ghaltiya -

● Harf ke makhraj mein ghalti karna.
● Ek mazeed harf daalna ya madd ko hadd se zyada kheenchna.
● Kisi harf ko gira dena ya madd ko hadd se kam kheenchna.
b. Harakat ke talluq se ghaltiya -
● Harakat ko badalna.
● Mutaharrik ko saakin mein badalna.
● Saakin ko mutaharrik mein badalna.
2. ‫ ﻟﺣن ﺧﻔﻰ‬unn chupi hui ya choti ghaltiyo ko kehte hain jo Qur`aan ke ma’ne-mafhoom ko nahi
badalti aur na to lafz ke ya Arabi zubaan ke qawaid ke khilaf jate hain. Iss ghalti ko karne se tilawat
ki kamaal aur khoobsurati mein nuqs paida hoti hai. Sirf wohi log jinhone Tajweed ke ahkaam ko
seekhe hain iss ghalti se parhez kar pate hain. Aisa ghalti karna makrooh (na pasandida) hai.

Tajweed ke ahkaam ke barkhilaf padhna iss qism ke ghalti mein aa jati hai, jaise tafkheem ya
tarqeeq par gaur nahi dena, ya ikhfaa aur idghaam na karna, waghera.
HARAAM QIRAAT KE TAREEQE
1. ‫ اﻟﺗرﻋﯾد‬- qiraat ko kaanpte hue andaaz mein padhna jaha madd ya kheenchne ke jageh aaye
tilawat mein. Ye kiya jata hai logo ki jazbato ko ubhaarne ke liye. Madd ki awaaz sirf halaq se
aani chahiye, aur na ke jabde ya hont se. Ye ‫ اﻟﺗرﺟﯾﻊ‬se alag hai, jo Nabi ‫ ﷺ‬se saabit hai, jo
madd ke sur ko apne halaq se badalne ko kehte hain.
2. ‫ اﻟﺗﻣطﯾط‬- qiraat ko hadd se zyada kheenchne ko kehte hain. Ye madd, ghunnah, ya koi bhi
kheenchne ke jageh se talluq rakhta hai.
3. ‫ اﻟﺗطرﯾب \ اﻟﺗرﻗﯾص‬- qiraat ko gaane ki tarah gaana, jaise jaha zor nahi dena hai waha zor dena,
awaaz ko achanak upar neeche karna. Aur Qur`aan ko duet (do gaane wale) mein nahi
tilawat karna chahiye. Lekin halaqe mein saath mein Qur`aan ki tilawat karna ta’leem ke liye -
ye alag baat hai, ye jaiz hai.
4. ‫ اﻟﺗطﻧﯾن‬- meem ya noon ke ghunne mein hadd se zyada zor dena. Lekin ghunnah dene mein
sur ko badalna, ye jaiz hai kyuki isse makhraj ya qiraat ka sahi tareeqa nahi badalta.