Air tenang / Calm water Tiada bunyi/ no sound

Air terumbang ambing/ water moves up & down Ada bunyi/ hear sound
 Gelombang dapat Waves can be produced
dihasilkan apabila satu by an oscillating or a
system berayun atau vibrating system
bergetar di dalam
suatu medium.

Ayunan pencelup di atas permukaan Getaran tala bunyi dalam udara

air menghasilkan gelombang air. menghasilkan gelombang bunyi.
The oscillation of a dipper on the The vibration of a tuning fork in the
water surface produce water waves air produces sound waves
Gelombang air juga
membawa tenaga.
Perhatikan kesan tenaga
yang dibawa oleh
gelombang air.
Water waves carry
energy too. Observe the
effect of energy carried
by water waves
Satu proses memindahkan
tenaga daripada satu tempat ke
tempat lain yang dihasilkan oleh
sistem bergetar atau berayun.
A process of transferring energy
from one location to another
which is produced by an
oscillating of vibrating system.
Apa yang anda lihat di atas permukaan air?
What do you see on the water surface?
Gelombang air dihasilkan
Water waves are produced.
Apakah arah perambatan gelombang air?
What is the direction of propagation of the
water wave?
Dari kanan ke kiri.
From right to left.

Daun mewakili satu zarah air. Bagaimana

zarah air bergerak?
The leaf represent a water particle. How
does the water particle moves?
Zarah air bergerak ke atas dan ke bawah.
The water particle moves up and down
 Semasa gelombang bergerak, adakah daun
bergerak bersama-sama gelombang?
As the wave passes by, does the leaf move
together with wave?
Tidak, daun tidak bergerak Bersama-sama
dengan gelombang. Ia hanya bergerak ke
atas dan ke bawah pada kedudukan asalnya.
No, the leaf does not move together with
the wave. Instead it moves up and down
about its initial position.
Sebab itu daun itu masih berada di
Gelombang pindahkan TENAGA semasa kedudukan asalnya.
mereka bergerak melalui zarah air. Tetapi That is why the leaf still remains about its
gelombang tidak membawa zarah air bersama- initial position
samanya. GELOMBANG PINDAHKAN TENAGA TANPA
Waves transfer ENERGY as they move along PINDAHKAN ZARAH.
the water particles. However, the waves do WAVE TRANSFER ENERGY WITHOUT
not carry the water particles along with them. TRANSFERRING MATTER.
 atas bawah
air
water
up down

kiri kanan Tenaga / energy

left right
air
water
To investigate the propagation of waves as
energy transfer
Menjana idea gelombang memindahkan
tenaga tanpa memindahkan jirim
1. Tie a ribbon to the slinky spring.
Ikat reben pada spring slinki.
2. Let two pupils hold each end of the slinky spring.
Kedua-dua hujung spring dipegang oleh dua pelajar yang berlainan.
3. Move end A of the slinky spring from side to side while end B is fixed.
Gerakkan hujung A dari sisi ke sisi secara mengufuk.
4. Observe the movement of the waves along the slinky spring and the
movement of the ribbon.
Perhatikan gerakan gelombang sepanjang spring slinki dan gerakan
reben.
1. What is felt by the pupil at end B after the
slinky spring is moved from side to side?
Apakah yang dirasai oleh tangan murid di
hujung B yang tetap setelah hujung A
digerakkan dari sisi ke sisi?
He feels the vibration of the spring.
Dia rasa getaran spring slinki
2. What is the direction of the energy transfer along the slinky spring?
Apakah arah pemindahan tenaga sepanjang spring slinki itu?
From left to the right
Daripada kiri ke kanan.
3. Describe the movement of the ribbon tied to the slinky spring.
Huraikan pergerakan reben yang diikat pada spring slinki
The ribbon only vibrates up and down about in a fixed position.
Reben cuma bergetar ke atas dan ke bawah di satu kedudukan yang tetap
1. Movement of waves from end A to end B
transfers energy from A to B
Gerakkan gelombang dari hujung A ke hujung
B telah memindahkan tenaga dari A ke B

2. The ribbon does not move in the direction in which the energy is
transferred by the waves.
Reben itu tidak bergerak dalam arah tenaga dipindahkan oleh gelombang
Conclusion / Kesimpulan.
Waves are produced when a medium vibrates at a fixed position.
Gelombang dihasilkan apabila suatu medium digetarkan di satu tempat tertentu.
Perambatan gelombang memindahkan tenaga dari satu tempat ke tempat
yang lain tanpa pemindahan jirim medium.
Propagation of the waves transfers energy from one place to another
without transferring the matter of the medium

Semasa gelombang melalui udara, adakah
zarah udara bergerak mengikut gelombang?
As the wave passes through the air, do the air
particles move along with the wave?
Bunyi adalah sejenis gelombang. Apakah
yang berlaku kepada api apabila tangan
memukul gendang. Mengapa?
Sound is a form of energy.
What happens to the flame when the hand
beat the drum. Why?
Nyalaan api akan bergetar. Gelombang
bunyi memindahkan tenaga daripada
gendang yang bergetar ke api,
menyebabkan api bergetar.
The flame will flick. Sound waves transfer
energy from the vibrating drum to the
candle flame, causing the flame to flicker.
Tidak, zarah udara bergetar di kedudukan
asal mereka.
No, the air particles vibrates about their
initial positions.
Zarah udara pindahkan tenaga kepada zarah
di sebelah tetapi kekal pada kedudukan
asalnya.
The air particle transfer energy to the next
particle but stays about its initial position.

Semasa gelombang melalui udara,

tenaga dipindahkan tanpa memindahkan
zarah.
As the wave passes through the air, the
energy is transferred without the
transferring of matter.
Ke kiri dan ke kanan / flame is flicker zarah
transfer

Getaran pembesar suara memindahkan tenaga bunyi dan dipindahkan ke api.

/ sound waves transfer energy from the speaker to the candle flame.
• Energy transfer through sea waves motion can be
huge.
• For example during tsunami, the energy carried by
water waves from the sea can cause great damage to
the surroundings. Most of the energy comes from
the winds blowing across the surface of the sea.

MOZAC
 Tsunami
Effect

MOZAC
 Jenis Gelombang // Types of Waves
Wave Profile: The shape of the slinky Profil Gelombang: Rupa bentuk spring
spring as waves propagate through it slinki semasa gelombang merambat
melaluinya
PROGRESSIVE WAVE: The wave profile
propagates with time along the direction
of propagation of the wave.
GELOMBANG PROGRESIF: Profil
gelombang merambat dengan masa
sepanjang arah perambatan gelombang.
STATIONARY WAVE: The profile of the
wave does not propagate with time.
GELOMBANG PEGUN: Profil gelombang
tidak merambat dengan masa.
Titik biru mewakili zarah spring.
Apakah arah perambatan
gelombang? Apakah arah getaran
zarah spring?
The blue dot represent a particle
in the spring. What is the
direction of propagation of the
wave? What is the direction of
vibration of the spring particle?

Gelombang merambat ke kanan dan zarah Apa yang boleh dikatakan tentang arah getaran
spring bergetar ke belakang dan ke depan. zarah dengan arah perambatan gelombang?
The wave propagates to the right and the What can you say about the direction of
spring particles vibrate back and forth. vibration of the particle in relation to the
direction of propagation of waves?
Kedua-duanya selari antara satu sama lain.
They are parallel to each other.
Gelombang di mana arah getaran zarah dalam medium
selari dengan arah perambatan gelombang dikenali sebagai
GELOMBANG MEMBUJUR.
A wave in which the direction of vibration of particle in the
medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of the
wave is called LONGITUDINAL WAVE.
Titik merah mewakili zarah
spring. Apakah arah perambatan
gelombang? Apakah arah getaran
zarah spring?
The red dot represent a particle
in the spring. What is the
direction of propagation of the
wave? What is the direction of
vibration of the spring particle?

Gelombang merambat ke kanan dan zarah Apa yang boleh dikatakan tentang arah getaran
spring bergetar ke atas dan ke bawah zarah dengan arah perambatan gelombang?
The wave propagates to the right and the What can you say about the direction of
spring particles vibrate up and down. vibration of the particle in relation to the
direction of propagation of waves?
Kedua-duanya berserenjang antara satu sama lain.
They are perpendicular to each other.
Gelombang di mana arah getaran zarah dalam medium
berserenjang dengan arah perambatan gelombang
dikenali sebagai GELOMBANG MELINTANG
A wave in which the direction of vibration of particle in
the medium is perpendicular to the direction of
propagation of the wave is called TRANSVERSE WAVE
 Arah getaran benang
Direction of the vibration of the thread

Arah perambatan gelombang

Direction of propagation of the wave
 X

Panjang gelombang

wavelength
mampatan
regangan

compression rarefraction
 Arah getaran benang
Direction of the vibration
of the thread

Arah perambatan gelombang

Direction of propagation of the wave

X
selari berserenjang

parallel
perpendicular

Bunyi / sound Water / air

electromagnetic wave

MOZAC
MOZAC
Muka Gelombang
Amplitud Wave fronts
Panjang gelombang Amplitude
Tempoh Wavelength
Frekuensi Period
Laju Gelombang Frequency
Speed of wave

Bagaimana menerangkan How to describe wave?

gelombang?
Characteristics of Waves
Ciri-ciri Gelombang
Satu profil gelombang air di dalam sebuah kolam. Apakah perubahan
yang anda dapat perhatikan semasa gelombang itu merambat merentasi
permukaan air?
A profile of a water wave in a pond. What changes can be observed as
the wave propagates across the water surface?
Bayangkan skrin ini
merupakan permukaan air
yang tenang. Apa yang
berlaku jika anda celupkan
jari ke dalam air yang
tenang itu?
Imagine that the screen is
the surface of still water.
What do you think may
happen if you dip a finger
into the still water?
Garis gelap dan cerah Muka gelombang: garisan Sumber tajam: gelombang
dikenali sebagai muka yang menyambungkan titik- membulat. Sumber lurus:
gelombang. titik yang berada pada fasa gelombang satah.
The dark and the bright lines yang sama. A point source emit circular
are called wavefront. A wavefront is the lines wavefronts and a long straight
joining all the points of the source will emit a plane
same phase. wavefronts.
Suatu gerakan yang berulang-alik pada
satu kedudukan keseimbangan.
The movement from one extreme position
to the other and back to the same position.

:P →Q→R→Q→P
. B→O→A→O
:O →
Sesaran maksimum sesuatu objek dari
kedudukan keseimbangan.
The maximum displacement of the object from
its equilibrium position. a

a
t = 5.0 s
T = 5.0 s = 0.5 s
10
f = 10 = 2 s-1 = 2 Hz
5.0 s
Tempoh ialah masa untuk satu ayunan Frekuensi, f ialah bilangan ayunan lengkap per
lengkap saat
Period is the time required to complet one Frequency is the number of complete
oscillation oscillation per second
T= . time taken . f = . Bilangan ayunan lengkap .
number of complete oscillation masa diambil

T=. Masa diambil . T = . Number of complete oscillation.

bilangan ayunan lengkap time taken

= 5/10 = 0.5 s = 10/5 = 2 Hz

Bandingkan kedua-dua formula, bagaimana

tempoh berhubungkait dengan frekuensi? f=1
Compare the two formulae, how is period
related to frequency? T
:f = 1/T
.

S-1 = Hz
Panjang gelombang ialah jarak di antara
dua titik sefasa yang berturutan
Wavelength is the distance between
two consecutive points in phase
Panjang gelombang ialah jarak antara
dua puncak / lembangan berturutan.
Wavelength is the distance between
two successive crest or troughs.
 λ

λ

Laju, v = jarak dilalui per unit masa
Speed, v = distance travelled per unit time
SI unit = meter per second , ms-1
Laju gelombang ialah jarak
yang dilalui oleh gelombang
per unit masa.
The speed of a wave is the
distance travelled by a wave
per unit of time
Laju gelombang menunjukkan
bagaimana cepat tenaga yang
dibawa oleh gelombang
dipindahkan.
The speed of a wave tells how
quickly the energy which is
carried by the wave is being
transferred.
AE
BF, CG. λ = 20/5 = 4 cm
A,E
B,F
C,G,D
Kiri ke kanan
From left to right.
12/2 = 6.0 cm

T = 8.0/10 = 0.8 s

f = 1/0.8 = 1.25 Hz
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave-on-a-
string/latest/wave-on-a-string_en.html
 http://bt.sasbadi.com/p4180b

Titik keseimbangan / Equilibrium position

amplitud
Tempoh / Period
1. Sketch displacement-time graph for a wave
with:
• amplitud, A = 5 cm
• tempoh, T = 0.4 s
 Panjang gelombang
amplitud
wavelength
4. Sketch a graph of displacement-distance for a wave with:
• Amplidtud, A = 10 cm
• Panjang gelombang, λ = 4 cm
T=4s
f = 1/4 = 0.25 Hz
0.5 cm

0.4 s

1/0.4 = 2.5 Hz

2.0 cm
 a<b

Berkadar songsang / inversely proportional

a>b
 Panjang gelombang / Wavelength, λ

Tempoh / Period

v = fλ
1. Switch on the motor to start the
vibration with low frequency.
Increase the frequency by
increasing the voltage of the
power supply. Observe the wave
pattern on the white paper.
2. By using the stroboscope, mark
two succesive dark lines on the
white paper. Measure
wavelength, λ with a ruler.
 Gelombang Satah Gelombang Membulat
Plane Wave Circular Wave

Arah perambatan gelombang

Direction of propagation of wave
Result
(a) Draw wave pattern for low and
high frequency of the motor.
Lukis corak gelombang bagi
frekuensi motor rendah dan
tinggi. Mark λ.
f = 1.6 / 4.0 = 0.4 Hz

10 m
0.4 s
1/0.4 = 2.5 Hz

λ = v/f = 340/440 = 0.773 m

 f = v/λ = 4/2 = 2 Hz
15 cm
20 cm

v = fλ = (5) (20) = 100 cm/s

Graph B
v = fλ = (12)(6/4) = 18 cm/s
3 SPM 2008

X
Energy / tenaga
1

x
 0.2

45.0

x
2 3 SPM 2012

Transverse wave /
gelombang melintang
7 SPM 2017
 Same / sama

Number of water droplets in 6.2 is higher

Bilangan titisan air 6.2 lebih tinggi
6.2 > 6.1
Frequency 6.2 is bigger/ 6.2 > 6.1
Frekuensi 6.2 lebih besar /

Wavelength 6.2 is lower / 6.2 < 6.1

Panjang gelombang 6.2 lebih kecil

Inversely proportional
Berkadar songsang
Decreases / berkurang

Speed of water waves decreased.

Laju gelombang air berkurang.
4 SPM 2007
Compression / mampatan

λ
Increases/bertambah