Sample Paper 2

Centre Candidate
Surname
Number Number
First name(s) 0
GCSE
C112U10-1 O21-C112U10-1
WEDNESDAY, 17 NOVEMBER 2021 – AFTERNOON
GEOGRAPHY B – Component 1
Investigating Geographical Issues
1 hour 45 minutes
For Examiner’s use only
Maximum Mark
Question
Mark Awarded
1 32
C 112 U 1 0 1
SPaG 4
01
2 32
3 32
Total 100
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
In addition to this paper you may use a calculator and a ruler if required.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Answer all of the questions in this examination paper.
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen. Do not use correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
Additional space is provided for some questions within the booklet (if required). If further space is
required for any question, you should use the lined page(s) at the end of this booklet. The question
number(s) should be clearly shown.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account your ability to spell, punctuate and use
grammar and specialist terminology accurately in your answer to question 1(d).
OCT21C112U10101 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. VP*(S21-C112U10-1)

2
Examiner
only
Theme 1: Changing Places – Changing Economies
Answer all questions.
1. (a) Study Figure 1.1 below.
Figure 1.1 – Age structure of two UK urban areas.
London Blackpool
65 + 65 +
45 – 64 45 – 64
30 – 44 30 – 44
18 – 29 18 – 29
0 – 17 0 – 17
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
% %
(i) Complete the graph for Blackpool by drawing the bar to show the following: [1]
0 – 17 yr olds 20%
(ii) Compare the age structure of London and Blackpool. Use figures in your answer.
[3]
02 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

3
Examiner
only
(iii) There are a number of processes that contribute to urban change in the UK.
Read the definitions below.
Letter Definition
A The outward spread of a city
B The movement of people from large cities to small towns and villages
C The reuse of derelict land in a city
D The movement of people back to cities
Add the letter of the correct definition to each of the following terms below. [4]
Term Letter
Suburbanisation
C 112 U 1 0 1
Re-urbanisation
03
Counterurbanisation
Infill
(iv) Over 33% of London’s population are international migrants.
Explain why international migration can have social and economic consequences
for urban areas in the UK. [4]
03 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

4
(b) Urbanisation has contributed to population change on a global scale.

Study Figure 1.2 below.
Figure 1.2 – Estimated changes in world population between 2020 and 2100.
2020 N
Total world population:
7.8 billion
Europe
748 million
Asia
4.6 billion
North America
369 million
Africa
1.3 billion
South America
654 million
Australasia
43 million
2100 N
Total world population:
10.9 billion
Europe
630 million
Asia
4.7 billion
North America
491 million
Africa
South America 4.3 billion
680 million
Australasia
75 million

5
Examiner
only
(i) Complete the sentences by adding the correct information from the box below. [2]
3.6 Europe 7.8
Asia 3.1 North America
By 2100, the world’s population will have increased by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . billion.
The continent which will have a decrease in population is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Calculate the percentage change in the population of Australasia between 2020
and 2100. [2]
Show your working below.
C 112 U 1 0 1
05
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

6
Examiner
only
(c) (i) Rapid urbanisation is taking place in some parts of the world. Give two reasons
why. [4]
Reason 1
Reason 2
(ii) One challenge of urban growth is waste disposal.
Describe how one global city you have studied is dealing with the problem of waste
disposal. [4]
Name of global city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
(d) Both slum clearance and self-help schemes are possible solutions to housing problems
in LICs/NICs.
Study Figure 1.3 below.
Figure 1.3 – Slum clearance and self-help housing schemes.
SLUM CLEARANCE SCHEMES SELF-HELP SCHEMES
Clearing slums in China Self-help house building in Kenya
C 112 U 1 0 1
Low-cost housing replacing slums in India House built with loan in Cambodia 07

8
Examiner
only
Do you consider slum clearance schemes or self-help schemes to be the better option?

Justify your choice.
Refer to both types of scheme in your answer. [8]

Your ability to spell, punctuate and use grammar and specialist terminology accurately
will be assessed in your answer to this question. [4]

9
Examiner
only
Additional space for 1(d) only:
C 112 U 1 0 1
09
End of Question 1

10
Examiner
only
Theme 2: Changing Environments
2. (a) Study Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1 – Average global temperature change 1880 – 2018.
15.2
15.1
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.7
14.6
Temperature (°C)
14.5
14.4
14.3
14.2
14.1
14.0
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.3
80
90
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
00
10
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
Year
(i) Describe the pattern of temperature change shown on Figure 2.1. Use figures in
your answer. [4]

11
Examiner
only
(ii) Describe one human cause of global warming. [2]
(iii) Give two reasons why it is difficult to get agreement on ways to reduce the impact
of climate change. [4]
Reason 1
Reason 2
C 112 U 1 0 1
11
(iv) Give four ways individuals in the UK can reduce the risk of climate change. [4]
1. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
4. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

12
Examiner
only
(v) The UK Government can also reduce the risk of climate change.

Tick (√) two correct statements from the list below. [2]
To reduce the risk of climate change the

government can: Tick (√)
Encourage the use of fossil fuels
Increase the cost of public transport
Increase the tax on air travel
Build more roads
Invest in renewable sources of energy
(b) Study Figure 2.2 which shows information about how severe tropical storms (hurricanes
and cyclones) are measured.
Figure 2.2 – Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
Average frequency
Wind speed of storms in every
Category Likely damage
(km per hour) 10 years affecting
USA
5 252+ Catastrophic 0.2
4 209 – 251 Extreme 1.2
3 178 – 208 Extensive 4.6
2 154 – 177 Moderate 4.7
1 119 – 153 Little 7.1
(i) Describe the relationship between the category of storm and the frequency with
which they have occurred. [2]

13
Examiner
only
(ii) Study Figure 2.3 below. It shows the number of Category 5 storms that have
occurred globally between 2010 and 2018.
Figure 2.3 – Global Category 5 Storms 2010-2018.
Year Number of Category 5 Storms

2010 4
2011 3
2012 3
2013 4
2014 9
2015 9
2016 8
2017 3
2018 11
Total 54
Calculate the mean number of Category 5 storms that have occurred between
2010 and 2018. [2]
C 112 U 1 0 1
Show your working below.
13
Mean number of Category 5 storms = ................................................
(iii) Increased frequency of storms leads to management challenges in coastal areas.

Explain why. [4]

14
(c) Study the information in Figure 2.4 below.
Figure 2.4 – The effects of Cyclone Idai which affected the African countries
of Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi in March 2019.
Tropical Cyclone Idai

Worst affected areas
TANZANIA
MALAWI
MOZAMBIQUE
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE Mozambique
Chimanimani Beira Channel
MADAGASCAR
Flooded farmland after the storm N

SOUTH Maputo
AFRICA 0 500km
Some emergency aid arrives Damaged bridge
Effects of Cyclone Idai

447 deaths
1.85 million people in need of aid
72 000 houses damaged or destroyed
1.2 million acres of crops damaged
Diseases such as cholera and malaria widespread

15
Examiner
only
‘The impacts of tropical storms like Cyclone Idai affect all groups of people equally.’
How far do you agree with this statement? [8]

16
Examiner
only
Additional space for 2(c) only:
End of Question 2

17
Examiner
only
Theme 3: Environmental Challenges
3. (a) Study Figure 3.1 below.
Figure 3.1 – Location of the Sahel Region of Africa.
Atlantic Me
Ocean TUNISIA dite
MOROCCO rranean Sea
ALGERIA
SAHARA DESERT
EGYPT
LIBYA
Re
Tropic of Cancer
d
Se
MAURITANIA
a
MALI
SAHEL
SENEGAL CHAD
NIGER SUDAN
BURKINA N
GUINEA FASO
NIGERIA 0 500km
Key:
Sahara Desert Sahel
(i) Use the information in Figure 3.1. Tick (√) the two correct facts about the location
of the Sahel in the table below. [2]
Facts about the location of the Sahel Tick (√)

North of the Tropic of Cancer
South of the Sahara Desert
Extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea
Includes parts of Mali, Chad and Egypt
North of Burkina Faso
South of Nigeria

18
Examiner
only
(ii) Study Figure 3.2 below.
Figure 3.2 – Graph showing variations in rainfall in the Sahel 1950 – 2013.
4
Wetter
3
Percentage (%) change from average
than
average
2
–1
Drier –2
than
average
–3
–4
–5
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Use Figure 3.2 to decide if each of the statements below is true or false. [4]
True False
Statement
Tick (√) Tick (√)
1950 – 1959 was the wettest 10-year period
1970 – 1979 was the driest 10-year period
In 2013, rainfall was higher than average
Between 2000 and 2009 rainfall was mostly lower than average

19
Examiner
only
(b) Desertification is caused by both physical and human actions.
(i) Complete the sentences below by adding the correct words from the box. [4]
moisture deposition nutrient evaporated erosion

intercepted management condensed salt
Increases in temperature mean more rainfall is ............................................................. which
means that less ............................................................. is retained in the soil. If trees are cut
down, then the ............................................................. cycle is broken and the roots no longer
hold the soil together. This increases the process of ............................................................. .
(ii) Explain why overgrazing can lead to desertification. [4]
(iii) Drip irrigation is used in areas vulnerable to desertification.

Describe how drip irrigation works. [4]

20
Examiner
only
(c) Study Figure 3.3 below.
Figure 3.3 – Graph to show predicted changes in the global use of

water between 2020 and 2030.
100
Key:
90
Agriculture
80
Industry
70 Domestic
Percentage (%)
60
50
40
Use of 2020 2030
30 water % %
20 Domestic 10 13
Industry 20 33
10
Agriculture 70 54
0
2020 2030
(i) Use the information in the table to complete the graph for 2030. [2]
(ii) Give two reasons why economic growth leads to an increased demand for water.
[4]
Reason 1
Reason 2

21
Examiner
only
(d) Study the resources in Figure 3.4 below. The Mekong river crosses six countries.
Figure 3.4 – Water Management on the Mekong River.
N
CHINA
M YA N M A R Hanoi
Naypyitaw
LAOS
Vientiane
Me Mekong dams
ko
Existing Dam producing electricity in Laos

ng
THAILAND Under
River
construction
VIETN
Bangkok Planned
CAMBODIA
AM
South
Phnom Penh China Sea
Andaman
Sea Gulf of
Thailand
0 500
kilometres
Fishing near the mouth of the
Dams along the Mekong River Mekong River in Vietnam

Evaluate the impacts of water management across national boundaries.
You may use the resources above and/or examples you have studied to support your
answer. [8]

22
Examiner
only
Additional space for 3(d) only:

23
Examiner
only
End of Question 3
END OF PAPER

24
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE

ON THIS PAGE

25
Question Additional page, if required. Examiner

number Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin. only

26
Question Additional page, if required. Examiner

number Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin. only

27
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE

ON THIS PAGE

28
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE

ON THIS PAGE

Sample Paper 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sample Paper 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Centre Candidate

WEDNESDAY, 17 NOVEMBER 2021 – AFTERNOON

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

OCT21C112U10101 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. VP*(S21-C112U10-1)

Answer all questions.

1. (a) Study Figure 1.1 below.

Figure 1.1 – Age structure of two UK urban areas.

02 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

Read the definitions below.

A The outward spread of a city

C The reuse of derelict land in a city

D The movement of people back to cities

(iv) Over 33% of London’s population are international migrants.

03 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

(b) Urbanisation has contributed to population change on a global scale.

04 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

3.6 Europe 7.8

Asia 3.1 North America

By 2100, the world’s population will have increased by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . billion.

The continent which will have a decrease in population is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Show your working below.

05 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

(ii) One challenge of urban growth is waste disposal.

Name of global city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

06 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

Study Figure 1.3 below.

Figure 1.3 – Slum clearance and self-help housing schemes.

SLUM CLEARANCE SCHEMES SELF-HELP SCHEMES

Clearing slums in China Self-help house building in Kenya

07 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

Refer to both types of scheme in your answer. [8]

08 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

Additional space for 1(d) only:

09 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

Answer all questions.

2. (a) Study Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 – Average global temperature change 1880 – 2018.

10 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

11 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

To reduce the risk of climate change the

Encourage the use of fossil fuels

Increase the cost of public transport

Increase the tax on air travel

Build more roads

Invest in renewable sources of energy

Figure 2.2 – Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

5 252+ Catastrophic 0.2

4 209 – 251 Extreme 1.2

3 178 – 208 Extensive 4.6

2 154 – 177 Moderate 4.7

1 119 – 153 Little 7.1

12 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

Figure 2.3 – Global Category 5 Storms 2010-2018.

Year Number of Category 5 Storms

(iii) Increased frequency of storms leads to management challenges in coastal areas.

13 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

(c) Study the information in Figure 2.4 below.

Tropical Cyclone Idai

Flooded farmland after the storm N

Some emergency aid arrives Damaged bridge

Effects of Cyclone Idai

14 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1)

15 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (C112U10-1) Turn over.

Additional space for 2(c) only: