Course Code: BTAIC305

JAGRAN LAKECITY UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL

B.TECH. THIRD SEMESTER 2020-21
End Semester Examination

Course Code: BTAIC305, Course Name: DIGITAL

COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS
Maximum Marks: 100
Answer Sheet
******TO BE FILLED BY STUDENT******
JLU ID JLU05054
Roll Number 2019BTCSAI010
Name of Student Priyanshu Sharma
Mode of Exam Assessment through Assignment
Regular/ Backlog Regular
Date of Examination (Issue Date) 14/12/2020
Submission Date & Time 14/12/2020 (till 11:59 PM)
Length (word count) o Part A 451
[For Word File/ PDF File based o Part B 1135
Submission of Answer sheet]
Total word count = 1586
Length (No. of Pages) o Part A
[For Handwritten & Scanned PDF
o Part B
File / Image File based Submission of
Answer sheet] Total Number of Pages =
******TO BE FILLED BY EXAMINER******
Marks distribution for every section as per mode of examina tion
Marks distribution for every section Section A:
of the assignment Question No. Marks
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
Q7
Q8
Section B:
Question No. Marks
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
 Q. 6
Total marks (A+B)
Marks distribution for every section Part A: Project work =
of the Project/case studies Part B: Viva Voice =
Total marks (A+B)
**If any other Please specify here:
Name of Examiner: Dr. Vandana Rathore Date:
Designation: Associate Professor

Important Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Answer all the questions in the same sequence of Question Paper.
3. Assignment’s content should be free of plagiarism and it should be submitted within given
deadline.
4. The fonts for writing your answers should be either Calibri (12 pts) or Times New Roman (12 pts).
 SECTION – A
Short answer type questions (Word Limit 200 to 300) (8 x 5 = 40 marks)
1. With an ASCII keyboard, each keystroke produces the ASCII equivalent of the
designated character. Suppose you type PRINT X and 651-M What is the output of
an ASCII keyboard. (Ref Table 1.5 Module 3)
Ans-

ASCII, abbreviation of American Standard Code For Information Interchange, a standard data-
transmission code that is used by smaller and less-powerful computers to represent both textual
data (letters, numbers, and punctuation marks) and noninput-device commands (control
characters).

PRINT X=080 082 073 078 084 032 088

651-M=054 053 049 045 077 013 010

2. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to their binary equivalent numbers.

i. A728 = …………………
ii. C319 = …………………
iii. 5A4D =…………………..
Iv 2CF8 =……………………
iv. AAFF =…………………….
Ans-

1. A728=1010011100101000
2. C319=1100001100011001
3. 5A4D=101101001001101
4. 2CF8=10110011111000
5. AAFF=1010101011111111
3. Convert each of thse binary numbers to an equivalent of octal numbers.
i. 11101000
ii. 110010110
iii. 1010111101101
iv. 1000101111010110
v. 100000010000001
Ans-

1. 11101000=350
2. 110010110=626
3. 1010111101101=12755
4. 1000101111010110=105726
5. 100000010000001=40201

4. Minimise the following function in SOP minimal form using K-Maps:

f = m(1, 5, 6, 12, 13, 14) + d(4)
5. What is the Boolean Equation for the given below figure. How many ABCD input
words are there in the present circuit truth table? Which input words does the
circuit recognize?
Ans-

6. If the SOP form of switching function is

Then find the POS form of the function.
Ans-
7. Draw logic circuit diagram for addition of three bits by using AND & OR gates and
write sum of products for Carry and Sum.
Ans-
8. Configure (1 to 4) De-multiplexer along with truth table and circuit diagram using
logic gates.
Ans-1-to-4 DemultiplexerA 1-to-4 demultiplexer has a single input (D), two selection lines (S1 and
S0) and four outputs (Y0 to Y3). The input data goes to any one of the four outputs at a given time
for a particular combination of select lines.This demultiplexer is also called as a 2-to-4 demultiplexer
which means that two select lines and 4 output lines. 
 SECTION – B
Long answer type questions (6 x 10 = 60 marks)
1. Discuss the importance of carry Lookahead generator along with its boolean
equation, truth table and logic circuit diagram.
Ans-

A carry-lookahead adder (CLA) or fast adder is a type of electronics adder used in digital logic. A

carry-lookahead adder improves speed by reducing the amount of time required to determine carry
bits. It can be contrasted with the simpler, but usually slower, ripple-carry adder (RCA), for which the
carry bit is calculated alongside the sum bit, and each stage must wait until the previous carry bit has
been calculated to begin calculating its own sum bit and carry bit. The carry-lookahead adder
calculates one or more carry bits before the sum, which reduces the wait time to calculate the result
of the larger-value bits of the adder. The Kogge–Stone adder (KSA) and Brent–Kung adder (BKA) are
examples of this type of adder.
The carry output Boolean function of each stage in a 4 stage carry look-ahead adder can
be expressed as

2. Write a note on ENCODERS and DECODERS by using appropriate examples (any

two for each).
Ans-

Encoders –
An encoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary information in the form of a 2 N input lines
into N output lines, which represent N bit code for the input. For simple encoders, it is assumed that
only one input line is active at a time.
Truth Table –

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X Y Z

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
As seen from the truth table, the output is 000 when D0 is active; 001 when D1 is active; 010 when
D2 is active and so on.

Decoders –
A decoder does the opposite job of an encoder. It is a combinational circuit that converts n lines of
input into 2n lines of output.

Truth Table –

X Y Z D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Applications Of Decoder And Encoder
 Speed Synchronization of Multiple Motors in Industries
 War- Field -Flying Robort with a Night Vision Flying Camera
 Robotic Vehicle with Metal Detector
 RF based Home Automation System
 Automatic Wireless Health Monitoring System in Hospitals for Patients

3. Construction a JK Flip Flop By Using SR Flip Flop NAND and NOR latchs.
Ans-

4. Explain types of registers and various applications of registers in computer

system. Prepare a circuit diagram for registers with parallel load.

Ans-
In Computer Architecture, the Registers are very fast computer memory which are used to execute
programs and operations efficiently. This does by giving access to commonly used values, i.e., the
values which are in the point of operation/execution at that time. So, for this purpose, there are
several different classes of CPU registers which works in coordination with the computer memory to
run operations efficiently. The sole purpose of having register is fast retrieval of data for processing
by CPU. Though accessing instructions from RAM is comparatively faster with hard drive, it still isn’t
enough for CPU. For even better processing, there are memories in CPU which can get data from
RAM which are about to be executed beforehand. Above registers we have cache memory, which
are even faster than registers.

 Accumulator: 
This is the most frequently used register used to store data taken from memory.
It is in different numbers in different microprocessors. 
 
 Memory Address Registers (MAR): 
It holds the address of the location to be accessed from memory. MAR and MDR
(Memory Data Register) together facilitate the communication of the CPU and
the main memory. 
 Memory Data Registers (MDR): 
It contains data to be written into or to be read out from the addressed location. 
 General Purpose Registers: 
These are numbered as R0, R1, R2….Rn-1, and used to store temporary data
during any ongoing operation. 
 Program Counter (PC): 
Program Counter (PC) is used to keep the track of execution of the program. It
contains the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched. 
  Instruction Register (IR): 
The IR holds the instruction which is just about to be executed. The instruction
from PC is fetched and stored in IR.

Applications of Registers-Registers are responsible for the fetching of the instructions from the
program to the processor, thereby running the whole computer architecture.They provide the
memory space for the instructions to be stored at the earliest time possible.These registers increase
the efficiency of the different operations like pipelining and hence provide speed to the operations in
the program in the computer architecture.

5. Determine the minimum SOP Expression from the given K-Maps and draw logical
circuit diagram for the final expression.

Ans-
6. Discuss various types of memories in computer system and represent a diagram of

memory hierarchy in Computer organization

Ans-Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t
perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory(RAM and ROM) and
Secondary memory(hard drive,CD,etc.). Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile memory
and Read Only Memory (ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory.
1. Random Access Memory (RAM) –

It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.
The programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a program are stored in this
memory.
It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off.
RAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM
(Dynamic Random Access Memory).

2. Read Only Memory (ROM) –

Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot
the computer.
It is not volatile.
Always retains its data.
Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no change.
Used in calculators and peripheral devices.
ROM is further classified into 4 types- ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.