ACTIVITY-1

DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

BY:
SKANDAN BHARADWAJ K – 4NI22EC104
SOMANTH GOWDA H D – 4NI22EC105
SHREYAS B BALAGAVI – 4NI22EC101
SINCHANA GANAPATHI HEGDE – 4NI22EC103
SHRINIDHI S GADA – 4NI22EC102

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DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY:

The general block diagram for this project is given below. It is very
simple. It has the following four main sub-blocks.

• The Transformer
• The Rectifier Circuit
• The Filter
• The Regulator

INPUT TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is a device that can step up or step down voltage levels,
following the law of conversation of energy. 9-0-9 step down
Transformer is used.
Input voltage from Transformer = 230V
Frequency = 50Hz
We need the input transformer to step down the incoming AC to our
required lower level such that output is 5V (DC).

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RECTIFIER CIRCUIT:
The stepped-down voltage is still AC. To convert it into DC, we need
a good rectifier circuit .A bridge rectifier is used in the following
circuit. We can define bridge rectifiers as a type of full-wave rectifier
that uses four or more diodes in a bridge circuit configuration to
efficiently convert alternating (AC) current to a direct (DC) current.
Diode’s used: IN4007
Voltage required to turn on the Diode: 0.7V
When an AC signal is applied across the bridge rectifier:
terminal A becomes positive during the positive half cycle while
terminal B becomes negative. This results in diodes D1 and D3
becoming forward biased while D2 and D4 becoming reverse biased.
During the negative half-cycle, terminal B becomes positive while
terminal A becomes negative. This causes diodes D2 and D4 to become
forward biased and diode D1 and D3 to be reverse biased.
THE FILTER:
The rectifier circuit converts the incoming AC to DC but unluckily it
does not make it a pure DC. The output of the rectifier is pulsating and
is called pulsating DC. A filter circuit in which the first element is a
capacitor connected in parallel with the output of the rectifier in a linear
power supply. The capacitor increases the DC voltage and decreases
the ripple voltage components of the output.
THE REGULATOR:
A regulator is the linear integrated circuit used to provide a regulated
constant output voltage. It consists of a Zener diode and a load resistor.
Voltage regulators keep the voltages from a power supply within a
range that is compatible with the other electrical components. It
maintains a fixed output voltage.

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CIRCUIT DESIGN:

THEORITICAL VALUES BY CALCULATION:

Vout = 5V
ILmax = 10mA
RLmin = 500 Ohm
Is = 12mA
VCD = 11.382V
Rs = 530 Ohm
R’L = 1030 Ohm
We have considered the repel factor to be 0.01.
C = 0.000280 Farad
We have considered the minimum current through Zener as:
Izmin = 2mA
We have considered VDon as 0.7V

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EXPERIMENTAL VALUES:

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CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, a DC regulated supply plays a crucial role in providing
consistent and reliable power to various electronic devices and systems.
By maintaining a stable output voltage regardless of fluctuations in
input voltage or load variations, it ensures the proper functioning and
longevity of sensitive components. This technology finds extensive
application in industries such as electronics, telecommunications,
automation, and more. The ability to deliver precise and controlled DC
power not only enhances the efficiency of devices but also contributes
to overall system safety and performance. As technology continues to
advance, DC regulated supplies will likely remain an integral part of
powering modern electronics and driving innovation across various
sectors.

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