Equations for Machining Operations

Turning:

v =D N (21.1)

where v = cutting speed, mm/min;D = original workpiece diameter (also shown as Do), mm; and N =
spindle speed, rev/min (RPM). Note: Often the unit of v is presented in m/min.

Df =Do – 2d (21.2)

where Df = final diameter, mm;Do = original diameter, mm; and d = depth of cut, mm.

fr = N f (21.3)

where fr = feed rate, mm/min; and f = feed, mm/rev.

Tm= (21.5)

where Tm = machining time, min; and L = workpiece length, mm.

RMR = v f d (21.6)

where RMR= material removal rate, mm3/min.

Drilling:

v =D N (21.7)

where v = cutting speed, mm/min;D = the drill diameter, mm, and N = spindle speed, rev/min.

fr =N f (21.8)

where fr = feed rate, mm/min; and f = feed, mm/rev.

1
 (21.9)

where Tm = machining (drilling) time, min; t = work thickness for through holes (or d is used for
depth of hole in case of blind holes), mm; A = an approach allowance for drill point angle, mm; and fr
= feed rate, mm/min.

RMR = 0.25D2 fr (21.12)

where RMR = material removal rate, mm3/min.

Milling:

v =D N (21.13)

where v = cutting speed, mm/min;D = the cutting tool diameter, mm; and N = spindle speed, rev/min
(RPM).

f r = N nt f (21.14)

where fr = feed rate, mm/min; nt = number of teeth on the cutter; and f = chip load , mm/tooth.

RMR = w d fr (21.15)

where RMR = material removal rate; w = width of cut; and d = depth of cut.

(21.17)

where Tm = machining time or the time in which the cutter is engaged milling the workpiece, min; L
= workpiece length, mm; and A = approach distance, mm.

A= 𝑑(𝐷 − 𝑑) (21.16)

where A= approach distance to reach full cutter depth in slab milling, mm; D = cutting tool diameter,
min; and d = depth of cut.

A= 0.5(𝐷 − √𝐷 − 𝑤 ) (21.18)

where A= approach distance to reach full cutter depth in face milling, mm; D = cutting tool
diameter, min; and w = width of cut.