Environment is the surroundings of an organism including the physical and chemical environment, and

other organisms with which it comes into contact.

Mobilization is the process of making something capable of movement, or to have people and resources
ready to move or act.

Environmental mobility is defined as local, voluntary moves undertaken in the face of imminent
environmental risk – to distinguish this type of climate adaptation from longer-distance and less-
voluntary types of movement. Loughran & Elliott (2019)

Aleinikoff (2020) believes that environmental mobility is resulted from a variety of causes, both
geophysical and weather related.

Causes of Environmental Mobility

1. Geophysical
o Earthquake - any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves
through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in
Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one
another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic
faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another.
o Volcanic Activity – Volcanic activity ranges from emission of gases, non-explosive lava
emissions to extremely violent explosive bursts that may last many hours.
o Tsunami - an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the
ocean, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, or by onshore landslides in which large
volumes of debris fall into the water.
2. Weather-Related
o Extreme Heat - Extreme heat is a period of high heat and humidity with temperatures
above 90 degrees for at least two to three days. In extreme heat your body works extra
hard to maintain a normal temperature, which can lead to death.
o Drought - a period of unusually persistent dry weather that continues long enough to
cause serious problems such as crop damage and/or water supply shortages.
o Flood - Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. Floods can
happen during heavy rains, when ocean waves come on shore, when snow melts
quickly, or when dams or levees break.
o Sea-level Rise - mostly due to a combination of melt water from glaciers and ice sheets
and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

Scientific evidence is clear that the pace of environmental displacement is increasing in our current era
and that the climate crisis is plainly a significant contributing factor.

The World Bank, looking at migration within three regions of the world estimates that the effects of
climate change could force more than 140 million persons to move within their home states over the
next several decades. Aleinikoff (2020)
The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre has reported that in 2019, 25 million people were
displaced within their countries by the impacts of disasters, nearly three times the number of persons
displaced that year because of the conflict and violence. 95% of the disasters were weather-related.

The Environment Movement

The environmental movement (sometimes referred to as the ecology movement), also including
conservation and green politics, is a diverse philosophical, social, and political movement for addressing
environmental issues. Environmentalists advocate the just and sustainable management of resources
and stewardship of the environment through changes in public policy and individual behaviour. In its
recognition of humanity as a participant in (not enemy of) ecosystems, the movement is centered on
ecology, health, and human rights.

The environmental movement is an international movement, represented by a range of organizations,

from enterprises to grassroots and varies from country to country. Due to its large membership, varying
and strong beliefs, and occasionally speculative nature, the environmental movement is not always
united in its goals. The movement also encompasses some other movements with a more specific focus,
such as the climate movement. At its broadest, the movement includes private citizens, professionals,
religious devotees, politicians, scientists, nonprofit organizations, and individual advocates.

States and regional and international organizations have developed structures and operations for
responding to the human needs that arise from catastrophic environmental events. The following are
among others:

Environmental Organizations

1. World Wildlife Fund

World Wildlife Fund is a worldwide environmental organization focusing on the
protection of the Earth’s natural resources. This includes our forests and oceans, among others.
They are committed to preserving the biodiversity on Earth and sustain life. WWF is the world’s
leading and most influential conservation group, operating in over 100 countries and currently
participated by five million people across the globe.
2. Haribon Foundation

Haribon Foundation is an environmental organization that focuses on the biodiversity

conservation of the Philippines. Some of the their more prominent activities are mangrove
restoration and tree planting. Another is the ROAD to 2020.

Rainforest Organization and Advocates (ROAD) to 2020 is a conservation movement that

aims to restore the Philippine rainforests by the year 2020. This movement intends to bring back
the natural forests of the country by using native tree species, such as apitong, lauan, and narra.

3. Save Philippines Seas

Save Philippine Seas is an environmental organization focusing on the coastal and
marine resources of the Philippines. They conduct workshops and execute awareness
 campaigns, which aim to educate and encourage people to participate in conservation activities
and projects.
4. Earth Island Institute Philippines
Earth Island Institute Philippines concentrates on the conversation of wetlands in the
country. They have been building awareness about the conservation and restoration of the
oceans and seas throughout the Philippines. In addition, they also conduct coastal clean-ups and
organize film showing about environmental issues.
5. Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Foundation
works to restore natural habitats and aims to educate the public on how to protect
wildlife from feasible harm. So far, they have completed programs to conserve rare species such
as Philippine bats, Calamian deer, and cloud rats.