Leadership:

“Who is a Leader &

What Skills do Leaders Need?” ‫مرحبا‬
Ahmad Faiz Muzaki, S. Pd.
Points of content:

1. Definitions of
Leadership 4. Personal Traits of
Leadership

2. Components of
Leadership 5. Styles of
Leadership

3. Skills of
Leadership
1.
Definitions of
Leadership
 “Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an
organized group toward goal achievement.” —Rauch & Behling

“Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction) to

collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to
achieve purpose.” —Jacobs & Jaques

“Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and

enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success
of the organization. . . .” —House et al.
“Leadership is a process whereby an individual
influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal.” —Northouse

“Leadership is the influencing process between

leaders and followers to achieve organizational
objectives through change.” —Lussier & Achia
2.
Components
of Leadership
Process Influence
A transactional event that 1 2 Communicating ideas, gaining
occurs between the leader acceptance of leader, and
and the followers. motivating followers to
support and implement the

Leadership ideas through change.

Group Common
Leadership involves Goal
influencing a group of
3 4
The leaders and followers
individuals who have a have a mutual purpose.
common purpose.
3.
Skills of
Leadership
 1 2 3

Technical Skill Interpersonal Skill Decision-Making Skill

This includes knowledge
about methods, processes,
procedures, and techniques,
and the ability to use tools
and equipment to perform a
task.
The ability to understand, The ability to conceptualize
communicate, and work situations and select
well with individuals and alternatives to solve problems
groups through developing and take advantage of
effective relationships. opportunities.
4.
Personal Traits
of Leadership
Intelligence Dominance
Helps a leader solve To exert influence and control
complex problems. over others helps a leader
channel follower’s efforts.

Task-relevant Self-confidence
knowledge Helps a leader influence
Ensures that a leader followers and motivates them
knows what has to be to persevere in the face of
done. obstacles or difficulties.
Energy Integrity & honesty
Helps a leader deal with Help to ensure a leader behaves
the many demands they ethically and is worthy of
face on a day to day basis. followers’ trust and confidence.

Tolerance for Emotional maturity

stress Helps to ensure a leader is
Helps a leader deal with not overly self-centered, can
the uncertainty inherent in control their feelings, and can
any leadership role accept criticism.
5.
Styles of
Leadership
  Transformational leadership are open-minded leaders

Transformational
who always know how to lead, motivate, share the
vision and inspire followers, motivate followers to work
hard, and create new competencies for them.

Leadership  The transformational leadership style achieves high

leadership performance and can exceed expectations
because it also focuses not only on leadership
performance but also on the human factors and the
development of employees.

 One of the most important features of

transformational leadership reveals the development,
ability, and skills of people who are intractable and
capable of resolving complex problems, redefining their
position, goals and responsibilities.
  Transactional leadership is defined as a trade-off
between followers and their leader to achieve certain
goals wherein both parties mutually affect each other
Transactional and obtain valuable outputs for themselves.

Leadership  Transactional leaders can use punishment when the

work is poor, or the results are negative but can achieve
rewards when the work is positive.

 The transactional leadership style helps in creating as

well as sustaining the context in which organizational
and human capabilities are maximized as the followers
are always able to achieve the tangible and intangible
rewards.
  Charismatic leadership style is another form where the
leader’s power are revolutionary and hence, the focus
of the leader in on transforming the values and beliefs of
Charismatic
Leadership
the followers.

 There are number of qualities the leader has, one of

those is the power to influence others, to prepare the
others to achieve their goals and to be able to change
the attitude of people as well.

 Such leaders have the high vision and possess the ability
and competence to transform the vision into reality by
reflecting due dedication and assurance for recognising
the efforts of the followers following them.
  The study stated that autocratic leadership is also
known as the authoritarian leadership style.

 The autocratic leaders force their followers to execute

Leadership
Autocratic the services and strategies according to the narrow way.

 Autocratic leader is the one who determines the

activities, techniques and policies to the followers and
expects the followers to follow the same.

 This leadership style is more suitable when the projects

are to be completed within provided deadlines.

 Autocratic leadership restricts the workplace

socialization and communication which is cordial for
effective organizational performance.
  In this type of leadership the other followers are given
the equal chance to contribute to the decision making.

Democratic  The central position is held by the leader himself but

Leadership
the decision making is delegated to the subordinates in
order to enhance the contribution and association of
the followers with the organization.

 Democratic leader is the one who focuses on the group

discussion and group participation and as a result it
positively influences the performance of the followers.

 Such leadership promotes the efficient and free flow of

communication in all the directions and from top to
bottom, bottom to top and in the vertical and
horizontals manner as well.
 REFERENCES
Agarwal, Sugandha. 2020. Leadership Style and Performance of Employees.
International Research Journal of Business Studies. Vol. 13, No. 1.

Al Khajeh, Ebrahim Hasan. 2018. Impact of Leadership Styles on Organizational

Performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research. Vol. 2018.

Bertocci, David I. 2009. Leadership in Organizations: There Is a Difference between

Leaders and Managers. USA: University Press of America.

Demirtas, Ozgur & Mustafa Karaca. 2020. A Handbook of Leadership Styles. UK:
Cambridge Scholats Publishing.
 REFERENCES
Lussier, Robert N. & Christopher F. Achia. 2016. Leadership: Theory, Application, &
Skill Development Sixth Edition. USA: Cengage Learning.

Northouse, Peter G. 2016. Leadership: Theory and Practice Seventh Edition. USA:
Sage Publications.

Thanh, Nguyen Hai and Nguyen Van Quang. 2022. Transformational, Transactional,
Laissez-faire Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement: Evidence from
Vietnam's Public Sector. Sage Open, 1-18.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21582440221094606

Yukl, Gary A. 2010. Leadership in Organizations Seventh Edition. USA: Pearson.

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