1st steelstartsyielding

a strength
cube o.sfa.slo.es 0
45,9yd 0.07 gg
o.us a cone
say E exo strength
1 yieldingstrainof
steelbars
strainmustbe i as xios

Is
0.87ft
steel
strength
facefst
centroidgreen

centroidred
Asst 0.675,18m
Ea 0.0035 20.455

x x

d
I depthof
centroid
 Concrete
steel
tt
in

Vm material
safety
factor
 Calculate
The BM

jars t
3 25mm

0.87fyAst Est Fac o us

for bs
 Example1 j

From 3425 s we know

Ast 1473mm
Assumesteelyields
0.87 Ast
Fst fy
0.87 1450 14737
576 679.5 n

0.45130713005 Est 0.001

520 177.99

is
I S 142.39mm 3410
es
Parabolic Square
Since Eyield 0.001957 L Est
s 0.8 x
Steelyields

Me Fstz
576.68127 0.52m 0.1424m
258.8Knut
Determine
The Y bars
needed
 D Fst Z s 2d az
Fst d ga

Fst Fcc
08 Fy Ast 0.45fou bs
0.871450 Ast 0.451307130075 a

Fst 185 100 451307130038 8,881,6

d s a
188 100 S 96.8665mm
520 sa
i Ast 1002.07mn

i Use 5416 or 4420 or 3425

1005 1257 1473
CheckYielding
4420s Fst 0.871450711257
492115N

i 5 121.5mm
I 151.89mn

Est 0.00848 0.001957 D Yield

L Dolielding

É E 0.45
 2402 s Ast 1608mm 1885 105
5
0.0035
yo
Fst 0.87
fyAst 291.48 Est 0.0013
0.871450311608 doesn't
yield
629532N Tog.gg willfailin a
brittlemanner
624 532 0.451307120075 Est
5 233.16m
BE E 291.45mL X Recalc fst EE E 0.001304

I lies below theoriginal

neutral axis too

musty
fst EE
seaman
crush first

ftp
j
1

1 if 04430.45

We recalculate a new a value so that thesteelyields

0.45 3071200710.820
jo i
s.noonaooooo
Est 160851200 103

x
S
205.119mn
212 094mn X Est Este
Est
0.0035 Egl d x
as
265.119 Est 8684,3
1134.881

54 gg 0.001781

Est
c 0.001957 a
stildoesnotyield
doanotheriteration
Once x is found
Fst Est E mMPa
Fst fstAst www.n
M Fst d s 2 win Kalm

We could have predicted what x should be fromthe

 by J
we already know that the Est 0.001957 therefore

0.8835 988 2

I x

x
should have been
256.55Mt
id x

What is the limit of oc to yield

Z E 0.95 d

steffi
noo
Asc AreaSteel Compression
soso.org
Ece EEfnings O.sn
g initial

Est

Ast
 goofca
i

Fsc

Fcc
tothecompblockcentre
bad ut
g
 b for a doubly reinforcedbeam
take moments aroundthestee
d in tension

Steel in
2413 La
028 Ef tension
EM O
Assumesteel yields
Fst fstAst

I F
0.871450712413
944689.5N

Fsc fscAsc
0.872450716287
Fst A TY

Ef o Fst Fcc t Fsc

Fcc
8tÉÉsn
asa
ta
qggzz.ge syybz
S 184.875mn a
i D 231.094mm
EMA Mr Fcc z t Fsc d d 0
698827.51510 1842875 2458621510 50 Mr
Mr 404.9KAM
CheckYielding 181.094 231.094
74
0239 18198g
0.0035
Est 0.0042247 0.001957
231.094
1181.094
Esc 0.002743 70.001957
278.906
bothst Bsc yield
Est
 CaBeatiicaminlyretistth

Aim to use say

j
between2 4
bars ie 2420s no's s

eg
Determine Area steel
Calculate Fsc using BM Mct d d fsc with
or Mc 0.132fcubd
t BM Given BM

Calculate Ask using Fsc o

sifyAsc

osousease
Calculate Fst using Fst
E 8 Egqgts
fac t Fsc with
j

Checkyieldusing chosen Asc Ast NI calculated vats

 Bear's
Reaction
Fortes
sshe
he
1473mn
Assumesteel yields
balange
bf
It 50.851450 0.4513071800m s
S 53.396mn Chf D OKU

X 66.745Mt

0.0035

Yield
g MR Fst 425 53 8
Est I 226.8Mt

The depth of the neutral axis eggs

can be determined by converting the
section into an equivalent area of
concrete as shown in gure 4.28
 so

Est
ji
youth
gg Stressblock
of
concrete is triangular

EE

1a Aself
E
Est
 cracked beam

i at
I
iii
Assumeallworkingconcrete isin
of
compressionsection thebean
 Centroid

µ
1431
12743

fac facse b

petted I
1473
Y
 dashi behaviour

pay I
 ignite
i
tag
 jHn
got
gf

is
iii
 xooopxjo
if wehad a building Mtg
with4classesinside
or

M.gg
the
re beamheavilyloaded

an
I Gd
H
light etc Gf wig
LI

on
steel
 LI

221
46

criticalload betweenLa 2
g
maysaymomentdistance'd To is 112.31
RAZIsymmetry
notcritical
hot