CHE391A Lab Report: 2023-24-II

Experiment No. 6: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

Date of Experiment:28/02/2024 Date of Report Submission:03/03/2024

Date of Revision:N/A

Group Number:10 Batch:Wednesday

Name of Contributing Students:

1.Aditi Singh Sengar(210055) 2. Diptansu Poddar(210347)

3. Naveen Yadav(210656) 4. Rohan Batra (210868)

Executive Summary:The primary aim of this experiment was to construct the

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Curve for the Ethyl Acetate-Acetonitrile system,
providing insights into the distribution of components in the vapor and liquid phases
at equilibrium.The distillation column is a key component of the experimental setup.
The distillation column plays a crucial role in separating components of a liquid mix-
ture based on their different boiling points.

Problem Statement:To study the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve and plot the
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Curve for Ethyl Acetate-Acetonitrile system.

Key Findings:

1. Refractive Index Correlation: A direct correlation between refractive index and

molar composition was established. This provided a qualitative understanding
of the VLE behavior.

2. Volatility Difference: Ethyl acetate exhibited higher volatility, reflected in its

elevated molar fraction in the vapor phase and lower molar fraction in the
liquid phase during vapor-liquid equilibrium.

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 3. The actual value for azeotrope formation for the mixture is 77 weight percent
of EA, and we are able to closley verify it by getting azeotrope at 81 weight
percent of EA.

Short Conclusion:

1. The observed deviation from ideality in the vapor-liquid equilibrium of Ethyl

Acetate and Acetonitrile highlights the non-ideal behavior exhibited by this
binary system. Deviations from Raoult’s law, which assumes ideal behavior,
indicate interactions between molecules that are not accounted for solely by
simple mixing.

2. In conclusion, the vapor-liquid equilibrium experiment yielded valuable insights

into the behavior of Ethyl Acetate. Through careful analysis, we determined
the azeotropic concentration to be 67.31%, representing the equilibrium point
where the vapor and liquid phases exhibit identical compositions. This finding,
marked by the intersection of the x-y curve with the y=x line, underscores the
significance of equilibrium conditions in chemical systems.

Recommendations:

1. Further investigate the nature of the identified azeotrope. Analyze its impact
on distillation processes and explore additional methods, such as theoretical
calculations or simulation, to validate and understand the observed behavior.

2. Implement a pre-heating system for the distillation flask or column. This can
be achieved by using an auxiliary heating source or a pre-heating bath.

3. Improve the cooling system efficiency by using a more powerful condenser or

optimizing the cooling water flow rate. Faster cooling will enable quicker re-
placement of the sample and reduce the overall experiment duration.

1 Aim and Line Diagram

Aim:

1. To study about the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve.

2. To plot the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Curve for Carbon Tetrachloride–Toluene

system.

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 JEET BINDRA UNIT OPERATIONS & INNOVATION LAB
DEPT, OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, I.I.T. KANPUR
Date: 2%|2\34
LAB DATASHEET
Experiment Name:

ChE 391A Name of students Roll No.

Exp. No.
Group No, - 1. Naveen Yadav 210656
Name & Sign of T.A. 2. Dibtanhu Podder D49657ie41
Shreemoyee Ghosh 3. Adii S. Seagar
4. Rohan Batn
916055
210888

Obiestive: (i To study abuut the vapor -liad ulbrlun euyve

th To plet the Vahor-Liad Equilbrluwm Cunve \or the given Aampe
Relevant Equation(s):
Raud lan

Dltoy's la Pun
P lyL
tempt as
ist
Line Diagram:

Voprur lenden

Temprrdu

-Vapour obctn
old
water
-Injedtn
Tempnn
Rond -Heat
bttm
 VAPOR-LIQUID EOUILIBRIUM
Date: A8/2124 Observation Table Acetonitrile B.P. 82°C
Ethyle Acetate B.P. 77.2 °C

Feed Composition (Acetonitrile ......% +Ethyle Acetate .....%)

Feed Sample R.I. - I:256
S.No. Time Trop (°C) TBottom(C) R.ITop R.IBottom
1.
15.4 19-8 -3590 I 1-35626
2
4 15,2 19.1 |.35902 |.35623
3. |.35 901 .35625
15.4 19.7
4.
5.

Feed Composition (Acetonitrile ......% +Ethyle Acetate ......%)

Feed Sample R.I. - :3S892
S.No. Time TTop (C) TBottom("C) R.ITop R.IBottom
1.
74.3 18| 36093 I|-35894
2. 4.3 |36080 l399 5
3. -360 9 |·35895
4.
|2 8-4 |·360 8 9 1:35893
5.

Feed Composition (Aceetonitrile..... %+Ethyle Acetate ....... .)

Feed Sample R.I. - 25430
S.No. Time TTop (C) TBottom(°C) R.ITop R.lBottom
1 T4-2 18-3 |.3645I 1:36450
2. T4.2 18.9 |3645S |.3645I
3. 14.4 19.0 (-364 54 (.3645|
4. |2 11.9 |-36454 |.3645L
5.
2 Detailed Theory and Analysis
2.1 Theory and Formulae:
In thermodynamics and chemical engineering, the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
describes the distribution of a chemical species between the vapor phase and a liq-
uid phase.Such vapor–liquid equilibrium information is useful in designing columns
for distillation, especially fractional distillation, which is a particular specialty of
chemical engineers. The VLE concentration data can be determined experimentally
or approximated with the help of theories such as Raoult’s law, Dalton’s law, and
Henry’s law.
From Raoult’s law:
P1 = x1 P1o
P2 = x2 P2o
where P1o and P2o are the vapor pressures of components 1 and 2 when they are
pure, and x1 and x2 are the mole fractions of the corresponding component in the
liquid.
From Dalton’s law:
Ptot = P1 + P2 + ...
then for each component in the vapor phase
P1 P2
y1 = , y2 = , ...
Ptot Ptot
where P1 ,P2 ,etc. are the partial pressures of components 1,2,etc. and y1 ,y2 ,etc. are
the mole fractions of the components in the vapor.

2.2 Calculations and Graphs:

Calculations: The calculations can be found at: Calculation:
Constants Used:
ρ Ethyl Acetate=0.902 g/ml
Molar Mass of Ethyl Acetate=88.11 g/mol
ρ Aceto Nitrile=0.786 g/ml
Molar Mass of AcetoNitrile=41.05 g/mol
Given below is a sample calculation,error analysis and the required graphs.

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3 Results and Discussion:
3.1 Results:
1. The azeotropic concentration was found to be 67.31 Mole % of Ethyl Acetate
which is the point at which its x-y curve cuts the y=x line.

4 Remarks:
4.1 Precautions:
1. In case the vapor flask fills up at the bottom, empty and refill the liquid as
necessary.

2. Maintain distance from the apparatus and wear a shield while taking samples
due to the possibility of vapor release.

4.2 Sources of Error:

1. Readings were taken at intervals of 4 minutes, there can be potential delay in
taking reading in the intervals.

2. Record readings only after reaching a steady state.

3. Measurement error of the digital temperature indicators.

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