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D. READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to complete the following passage by circling the
corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
Why did you decide to read and will you keep reading to the end? Do you expect to understand
every single part of it and will you remember anything about it in a fortnight's time? Common sense
(51)__________ that the answers to these questions depend on “readability" whether the (52)__________
matter is interesting, the argument clear and the layout attractive. But psychologists are
discovering that to (53)__________ why people read - and often don't read -technical information, they
have to examine so much the writing as the reader. Even the most technically confident people often
(54)__________ instructions for the video on home computer in favor of hands-on experience. And
people frequently (55)__________ little consumer information, whether on nutritional labels or in the
small print of contracts a Psychologists researching reading (56)__________ to assume that both
beginners and competent readers read everything put in front of them from start to finish. There are
arguments among them about the (57)__________ of eyes, memory and brain during the process. Some
believe that fluent readers take (58)__________ every letter or word they see: others (59)__________
that readers rely on memory or context to carry them from one phrase to another. But they have always
assumed that the reading process is the same: reading starts, comprehension
(60)__________ then reading stops.
51. A. suggests B. transmits C. advises D. informs
52. A. subject B. topic C. content D. text
53. A. ensure B. determine C. value D. rate
54. A. miss B. omit C. pass D. ignore
55. A. get B. pay C. take D. make
56. A. tend B. undertake C. lead D. consent
57. A. role B. concern C. share D. relation
58. A. up B. over C. out D. in
59. A. insist B. direct C. urge D. press
60. A. sets B. occurs C. issues D. establishes
II. Read the passage and fill in each numbered gap with ONE suitable word.
Many of the world’s people are concerned (61)__________ the dwindling number of whales in
the oceans and seas. They are worried because the number of whales is getting so (62)__________.
Whales are very large, aquatic animals. People have hunted whales (63)__________ about the eleventh
century. Certain types of whales have been hunted too much. Recently, their numbers have decreased so
much that they are in (64)__________ of becoming extinct. These concerned people are working to save
the whales.
Why do people want to save the whales? There are two important reasons. One reason is that
whales help to keep a balance between plants and animals. People have (5)__________ this balance.
People get rid of their wastes by throwing them into the oceans and seas. People’s sewage and garbage
increase the (66)__________ of salt in ocean and sea water. The increased salt helps some plants and
some very small animals (67)__________. These plants and animals can be (68)__________ to fish.
Whales eat enormous amounts of plankton, the plants and animals that thrive in very salty water.
(69)__________, whales are very important because they keep the ocean environment clean enough for
fish. In addition, because fish (70)__________ necessary food for many people, people need whales, and
many people want to save them.
III. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer by circling the corresponding letter A,
B, C or D.
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.
Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like
that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor
named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850's an
American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and
condensed milk became more common during the 1860's, but supplies remained low because cans had to
be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that
mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times
of the year.
Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily
diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise
more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great
distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy
southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up
to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. An
easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870's, and by 1900 the nation had
more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became
a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and
1930's.
Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that
were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many
families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve
more varied fare.
71. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Causes of food spoilage . C. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.
B. Commercial production of ice. D. Population movements in the nineteenth century.
72. The phrase in season refers to_________.
A. a kind of weather B. a particular time of year
C. an official schedule D. a method of flavoring food
73. The word prevent is closest in meaning to_________.
A. estimate B. avoid C. correct D. confine
74. During the 1860's, canned food products were_________.
A. unavailable in rural areas B. shipped in refrigerator cars
C. available in limited quantities D. a staple part of the American diet
75. The word them refers to_________.
A. refrigerator cars B. perishables C. growers D. distances
76. The word fixture is closest in meaning to_________.
A. luxury item B. substance C. commonplace object D. mechanical device
77. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice_________.
A. decreased in number B. were on an irregular schedule
C. increased in cost D. occurred only in the summer
78. The word Nevertheless is closest in meaning to_________.
A. Therefore B. Because C. Occasionally D. However
79. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Drying. B. Canning. C. Cold storage. D. Chemical additives.
80. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
B. Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners.
C. Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
D. People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.
E. WRITING
I. Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has a similar meaning to the original
one.
81. I only paid a few hundred pounds for the new phone.
→ The new phone______________________________________________________.
82. He has never behaved so violently before.
→ He is behaving_______________________________________________________.
83. David appears to be running away from your fierce dog.
→ It looks______________________________________________________________.
84. I don’t see the point of re-decorating this room.
→ Re-decorating ______________________________________________________.
85. It’s sad, but unemployment is unlikely to go down this year.
→ Sad__________________________________________________________________.
II. Write an essay within 250-300 words on the following topic.
It is a fact that many species of animals are in danger of extinction. What do you think are the
causes of the problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
_______THE END_______
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