:

(Trigonometric functions)
Trigonometric functions
Trigonometric functions are mathematical functions that relate angles of a
triangle to the lengths of its sides. They have various applications in fields like
engineering, physics, and computer graphics.

g
Definition of Trigonometric Functions
1 Sine 2 Cosine 3 Tangent
The sine function relates The cosine function The tangent function
the ratio of the length of relates the ratio of the relates the ratio of the
the side opposite an length of the side length of the side
angle to the length of the adjacent to an angle to opposite an angle to the
hypotenuse in a right- the length of the length of the side
angled triangle. hypotenuse in a right- adjacent to that angle in a
angled triangle. right-angled triangle.
Relationship between Trigonometric
Functions and Right Triangles
Direct Relationship
The sine and cosine functions
are directly related as they
represent the vertical and
horizontal components of a
point moving along a unit
circle.
Pythagorean
Identity
The Pythagorean Identity
states that the square of the
sine of an angle plus the
square of the cosine of the
same angle is always equal to
1.
Special Right
Triangles
Trigonometric functions can be
applied to solve problems
involving special right triangles,
such as 30-60-90 and 45-45-
90 triangles.
Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
Cos ine Function
The graph of the cosine function is
similar to the sine function but is shifted
horizontally by 90 degrees. It also
oscillates between -1 and 1.
1 Sine Function
The graph of the sine function oscillates
between -1 and 1 as the angle varies. It
2 has a periodic nature and creates wave-
like patterns.
3 Tangent Function
The graph of the tangent function has
asymptotes at odd multiples of 90
degrees. It represents the slope of a line
that intersects the unit circle.
Trigonometric Identities and Equations
Pythagorean Identities
The Pythagorean identities
relate the sine, cosine, and
tangent functions using the
Pythagorean theorem,
allowing for further
simplification and
manipulation.
Double Angle
Identities
The double angle identities
express the trigonometric
functions in terms of
doubling the angle, enabling
simplification and solving
complex equations.
Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
The inverse trigonometric
functions can be used to find
an angle when given the
ratio of sides in a right-
angled triangle.