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Lec Note S3
Lec Note S3
úYajh mQ¾K ksIaÑ; isoaëkaf.ka hq;a tlla fkdjk neúka" tÈfkod Ôú;fha fndfyda wjia:djkays§ yuqjk
isÿùï iuÕ ne£ mj;skqfha oeä wúksYaÑ;;djhls' tkï hï fohla isÿfõùo keoao ms<sn| mj;skqfha
wmyeÈ,s;djhls' kuq;a fuu wúksYaÑ;;dfjys úYd,;ajh ms<sn| jvd fyd| ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla iys;j tÈfkod
lghq;= j,g fhduq ùug yelskï" ta ;=<ska wjOdku wvqjk f,i ksjerÈ ;SrK j,g t<öug wjia:dj
,efnkjd fiau wod< lghq;= id¾:l lr.ekSugo mq¿,a odhl;ajh ,ndfoa' iïNdú;d ixl,amh ;=<ska fuu
tÈfkod iïnkaO jk ld¾hhkays mj;sk wúksYaÑ;;djfhys ;ru ms<sn| woyila ,ndfok neúka —iïNdú;dj˜
wúksYaÑ;;djh uekSfï ñkqula ^PROBABILITY IS A MEASURE OF UNCERTAINTY& f,i ye¢kaúh
yelsh' fï ksid iïNdú;dj ixLHdk úoHdfõ moku jYfhka ye¢kaùu jvd;a idOdrK fõ' ta wkqj fuu
iïNdú;d ixl,amh ms<sn| uQ,sl woyila ,nd§ug fuhska wfmalaId flf¾'
13
January, 2023
w;a m;%sld wxl - 3 HPD-DSS
isoaê ^EVENTS&
mÍlaIKhl m%;st, we;=<;a ksheÈ wjldYfha ´kEu Wml=,lhla isoaêhla f,i ye¢kafõ' wNsY+kH l=,lh ( )
iy ksheÈ wjldYh (S ) o isoaëka f,i ie,lsh yels w;r wNsY+kH ( ) hkq lsisfia;a úh fkdyels isoaêhla f,io
ksheÈ wjldYh (S ) hkq ksYaÑ;j isÿjk isoaêhla f,io ye¢kafõ'
ksoiqk 1 (idOdrK ldishla Wv oeófï mÍlaIKfha —ysi˜ (H ) ,eîu fyda —w.h˜ (T ) ,eîu.
ksoiqk 2 (idOdrK odÿ leghla Wv oeófï mÍlaIKfha —T;af;a˜ fyda —brÜfܘ ixLHdjla ,eîu.
ksoiqk 3 (idOdrK odÿ leg folla Wv oeófï mÍlaIKfha Wvql=re uqyqK;a foflys i|yka w.hkaf.a tl;=j
my 5 ùu
fjk;a isoaëka folla fyda lsysmhlg úfNaokh l, fkdyels isoaëka ir, isoaëka f,i ye¢kafjk w;r tajd
idudkHfhka si u.ska ixfla;j;a flf¾'
ksoiqk 1 (idOdrK ldishla Wv oeófï mßlaIKfha ksheÈ wjldYh jk S = H , T ys H iy T ir, isoaë fõ'
ksoiqk 2 (idOdrK odÿ leghla Wv oeófï mÍlaIKfha ksheÈ wjldYh jk S = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ys
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 iy 6 hkq ir, isoaê fõ'
ksheÈ wjldYhla ;=, w¾: olajd we;s isoaêhlg wkqrEm ksheÈ ,laIhkaf.a tl;=j isoaê wjldYhla f,i
ye¢kaúh yelsh'
ksoiqk ( idOdrK odÿ leghla Wv oeófï mÍlaIKfha m%;st, u; w¾: oelajQ isoaêhla f,i T;af;a ixLHdjla
,eîfï isoaêh A f,i oelajQjfyd;a" A = 1, 3, 5 hkq A kï isoaêfhys wjldYh fõ' th my; f,i fjka
rEm igykla u.ska ksrEmkh lr oelaúh yelsh'
1 3 5 A isoaê wjldYh
2 4 6
iïNdú;d ixl,amh wOHhkh lsÍfï§ ta ms<sn| jeo.;a msúiqï 4 la y÷kd.; yels w;r fuu tla tla msúiqu
ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu fuys§ wfmalaId flf¾'
isoaêhlg mlaImd; kï túg tu isoaêh ùfï iïNdú;dj n jYfhka w¾: oelafõ' tkï
N
14
January, 2023
w;a m;%sld wxl - 3 HPD-DSS
lsishï isoaêhla ùfï iïNdú;dj (Pr) = ( n) fï wkqj A hkq isoaêhla kï" Pr( A) = n fõ'
(N ) N
;d¾lsl lreKq u;u mokïj lsisu mÍlaIKhla lsÍug fmr iïNdú;d m%ldYhka l< yels neúka fuh
fndfyda úg mQ¾j ksYaÑ; iïNdú;dj f,i ye¢kafõ'
ii. Pr(S ) = 1
iii. A yd B hkq ys wfkHdakH jYfhka nysIaldr isoaëka folla kï Pr( A B) = Pr( A) + Pr(B)
fndfyda iiïNdù mÍlaIKj,§ tu mÍlaIKhkag wkqrEm isoaëka ixhqla; lsÍu wjYH fõ' fuf,i isoaëka
ixhqla; lsÍfï m%Odk l%u folla f,i l=,l l%s%hdldrlï folla jk fï,h ^UNION& fþokh
^INTERSECTION) oelaúh yelsh'
fï,h ^UNION&
A iy B hkq S kï ksheÈ wjldYfhys isoaëka folla úg" A isoaê wjldYhg fyda B isoaê wjldYhg fyda fuu
isoaê wjldYhka folgu wh;a jk ish¿u ksheÈ ,laIhka A iy B ys fï,h jYfhka ye¢kafjk w;r th
( A B) u.ska ixfla;j;a flf¾'
15
January, 2023
w;a m;%sld wxl - 3 HPD-DSS
fþokh ^INTERSERTION&
A iy B hkq kï ksheÈ wjldYfhys isoaëka folla úg" A isoaê wjldYhg iy B isoaê wjldYhg whs;s ish¨u
ksheÈ ,laIhla A iy B ys fþokh jk w;r th ( A B )u.ska ixfla;j;a flf¾'
16
January, 2023