지능형 교통 시스템 국내외 현황 및 동향

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Domestic and International

Status and Trends

천동현
(DongHyeon Cheon1)
1Department of Electronics Engineering, Kyeongpook National University

Abstract: As the commercialization of autonomous vehicles and vehicle communication technologies is imminent, active research
and development are being pursued to counter various cyber security threats that emerge. Among them, the Intelligent Transport
System (ITS) is the next-generation transportation system that integrates information and communication technology, control, and
electronics into the existing traffic system, evolving from merely a fast-moving environment to one that is safe and comfortable. This
content analyzes both domestic and international status and major security standardization trends in ITS (Intelligent Transport
System) security research by the ITU-T SG17, the standardization body for information security.

Keywords: Future Mobility, ITS, ITU-T, Unmanned Vehicle

I. Introduction
The commercialization of vehicle communication technology, an
essential component of autonomous vehicles, is underway, with
research and development and various standardization efforts
progressing to prevent cyber security incidents in the vehicle
communication environment. In particular, the importance of
technologies to counter security vulnerabilities that may arise with the
introduction of vehicle Ethernet for increased internal data processing
and vehicle-to-vehicle communication to overcome the limitations of
information collected through various sensors in autonomous vehicles
is being highlighted.
Therefore, it aims to understand the next-generation Cooperative
Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS), which means the next-
generation transportation system that enhances the efficiency of traffic
operation management and provides convenience and safety to users
by integrating advanced technologies such as electronics, control, and
information and communication into the transportation system.
Recently, with the advancement of IT and communication
technologies, there has been a trend of transitioning from road
infrastructure-centric to automobile and user-centric technologies, and
major automobile manufacturers are already researching and
developing various intelligent systems for passenger safety, such as
collision avoidance, lane change assistance, lane departure prevention,
and drowsiness driving prevention.
However, while the development of the next-generation intelligent
transportation system brings many benefits to users, the possibility of
security threats such as cyber-attacks on the transportation system and
data leakage accidents is increasing, leading to active research on
transportation system security in many countries.
This document is structured to introduce the domestic and
international status of the next-generation intelligent transportation
system in Chap: 2, briefly analyze security threats to the next-
generation intelligent transportation system in Chap: 3, examine major
standardization trends, and conclude in Chap: 4.
II. Status of Next-Generation Intelligent Transport Systems
Domestically and Internationally
2.1 United States of America
The USA has been continuously pushing for research,
development, and practical projects to solve transportation
issues related to safety, efficiency, and environmental aspects.
Following the announcement of the ‘ITS Strategic Plan,’ the
US Department of Transportation disclosed its priorities for
ITS-related research for the next five years, including strategic
themes, types of programs, research directions, and goals.
The plan's strategic themes are organized into five areas:
firstly, the development of connected car and autonomous
driving technologies for enhancing vehicle and road safety,
and emergency management system technologies. Secondly,
developing system technologies that manage emergencies,
public transportation, and road weather to improve mobility.
Thirdly, developing technologies that minimize environmental
factors such as traffic improvement and detouring congested
areas. Fourthly, innovating traffic system technologies. Lastly,
supporting information-sharing activities between vehicles,
infrastructure, and devices by enhancing the transportation
system's information sharing.
The programs under these strategic themes include six
areas: ongoing research on connected cars, automation
technologies for roads and vehicles to control themselves
according to situations, emerging technologies for potential
new technologies that will be produced with the advancement
of C-ITS, big data for data collection, storage, and sharing,
interoperability for enhancing connections with infrastructure,
devices, and systems, and dissemination acceleration
programs to solve distribution issues with the introduction of
new technologies.
2.2 Japan
In Japan, the IT Strategy Headquarters Group, consisting of
the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism,
the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications, and the Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry, is advancing the ITS SPOT project to reduce
major road traffic congestion nationwide by half by 2020
compared to 2010.
This service provides real-time traffic information through
communication between the road infrastructure-installed ITS
SPOT and vehicles. Approximately 1600 roadside devices
have been installed on intercity highways and urban
expressways to provide safe driving support, toll collection,
and route guidance services, and about 50 ITS SPOTs for
internet access are also in operation.
That is, research is being conducted with a focus on the
infrastructure aspect to enhance vehicle safety and driving
convenience.
2.3 South Korea
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport aims to
implement 'sustainable intelligent traffic systems for smart
road traffic by 2020', conducting its direction in two tracks:
planning for traffic management, public transportation, traffic
information, and intelligent vehicle road services; research and
development for technology acquisition; standardization for
service implementation; and laying the groundwork for system
operation management and regulatory adjustments.
Among the ongoing projects is the Korea Expressway
Corporation’s ‘Smart Highway’ project, aimed at reducing
accident rates on expressways and facilitating convenient
highway usage by integrating advanced IT and automotive
technologies to address road issues. System construction and
operation are centered around the Korea Expressway
Corporation, with legal and institutional matters handled by
the Korea Transport Institute, and standardization by the
Korea Intelligent Transport Systems Association.
Additionally, representative convergence technologies
include the ‘Smart-1’ system, which informs administrators of
emergencies like falling objects, accidents, and wrong-way
driving through array cameras, automatic tracking CCTV, and
radar, and the ‘Smart Tolling System’ for automatic high-
speed toll settlement, Hi-pass. These technologies have been
verified through technology demonstrations on the designated
experimental road in Yeo-ju, and recently, research on V2V
(Vehicle to Vehicle) and V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure)
communication has been actively underway.
III. Security Threats and Trends in Next-Generation Intelligent
Transport Systems
With the advent of the next-generation intelligent transport system
era, which allows for real-time two-way communication enabling
vehicles to exchange and share information with surrounding vehicles
or infrastructure, the potential for security threats has increased. In
particular, threats such as information leakage and data tampering in
services for internal vehicle communication and processing are
security issues for intelligent vehicles.
Instances include disruption of normal vehicle operation and
causing accidents through manipulation of messages in the Tire
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) and hacking of vehicles by
accessing the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which manages the
vehicle's control sensors through the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)
device.
Moreover, numerous security threats can occur, including
eavesdropping on communications between vehicles or between
vehicles and C-ITS infrastructure, GPS signal jamming and spoofing,
intelligent vehicle DDoS attacks, and the transmission of false traffic
information through the installation of fake Road Side Units (RSUs).
Therefore, continuous security research must proceed alongside the
development of next-generation intelligent transport systems.
As continuous security research is conducted, there is growing
interest in the field of next-generation intelligent transport systems,
especially around intelligent vehicles, amidst the emergence of IoT-
based converged services. This has led not only automotive
manufacturers and telecommunications companies but also
international standardization bodies like the ITU-T (International
Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization
Sector), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), and
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) to actively
conduct standardization research on related technologies.
Technologies under consideration include secure communication
technologies, mutual authentication technologies between entities, and
hacking prevention technologies. Security is crucial as, without it,
there is a potential for the spread of traffic accidents through
tampering with road safety information, underscoring the need for
research on security technologies and standardization for the next-
generation intelligent transport system.
IV. Conclusion
As global interest and efforts in ITS technology development and
standardization continue to grow, stakeholders in the domestic
automotive, ITS communication, transportation sectors, and related
industries must utilize various standards and services being developed
worldwide and actively participate in domestic and international
research activities. This is necessary to establish an ITS foundation
that aligns with international standards while also conducting
continuous security research to ensure safety.
In Korea, entities such as Hyundai Motor Company and Korea
University are leading standardization efforts. However, considering
potential negative situations, there is a need for standardization
development through specific collaboration with standardization
bodies and active participation in standardization across various fields
is also necessary.
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