FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

QUIZ
1. Bearing stress
2. 0.1
3. Longitudinal stress
4. Strain
5. Young’s modulus
6. A force of 315N is carried by a wire 60m long with a diameter of 1.75mm.
The wires modulus of elasticity is 200 GPA. Neglect the mass of the wire.
What is the unit elongation?
Given: P= 315N, L=60m, d=1.75mm, E=200GPA, A= π/4
d²
Solution:
ɛ=PL/AE = 315/(2.41)(200x109) =315/4.82x1011
ɛ= 6.535x10-10
δ= PL/AE =(315,000)(60)/ π/4 (1.75)2(200x109)
δ= 3.93
7.A steel column is 3m long and 0.4m in diameter. It carries a load of 5 MN.
Given that the modulus of elasticity is 200 GPA. Calculate the strain.
Given: P= 5MN-> 5x106, L=3m, d= 0.4m, E= 200 GPA -> 200x 109
Solution:
δ= PL/AE
= (5)(3)/ (0.314)(200x109)
= 15/6.28x1010
δ= 2.3885x10-10
δ= PL/AE
=(5000)(3)/ π/4(0.4)2(200x109)
=5.968
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

QUIZ

The safe stress for a hollow steel column which carries an axial load of
2.1x103 kN is 125MN/m2. If the external diameter of the column is 30 cm.
Determine the internal diameter.

Given:

Safe stress= 125 MN/m2->125x106 N/m2

Axial load= 2.1x103 kN->2.1x106N
External diameter=30cm ->0.3m
Internal diameter=?

Solution:
S=P/ π/4(D2-d2)

125x106 N/m2= 2.1x106N/ π/4[(0.3m)2-d2]

(125x106 N/m2)( π/4(0.69m2)) - ( 125x106 N/m2)( π/4d2)= 2.1x106N

8835729.338N - 98174770.42 N/m2 d2=2.1x106N

d2=2.1x106N-8835729.338N/- 98174770.42 N/m2

√d2=√0.06860957565

d= 0.2619342964m

d=26.1cm
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES
QUIZ

Determine the changes in length , breadth and thickness of a steel bar which is 4m
long, 300 mm wide and 20 mm thick and is subjected to an axial pull of 30kN in the
direction of its length. Take E= 2x105MN/mm2 and poison’s ratio=0.3.

Given: μ= 0.3, E= 2x105MN/mm2, L=4m ->4000mm,

W=30mm, t=20mm, P=30kN->30x103N

Solution:

Find the change in length,

ΔL=PL/AE =(30x103N)( 4000mm)/( 30mmx20mm)(2x105)= 1mm

In linear strain,

ɛ L= ΔL/L = 1/4000= 0.00025

Lateral strain,

μ= ɛ t/ ɛ L

0.3= ɛ t /0.00025

ɛ t =7.5 x10-5

Find the change in thickness,

Δt= ɛ+ t =7.5x10-5(20)

Δt =1.5x10-3mm or -0.0015mm

Find the change in breadth,

Δw= ɛ+ w

=7.5x10-5(30)

Δw= 2.25x10-3mm or 0.00225mm

FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

QUIZ

A coupling consisting of two circular at plates welded to the end of two

shafts is to be designed using 2.54 cm diameter bolt to connect one plate
to other. The bolts are to be located at a distance of 0.1524 m from the
axes of the two shafts. If the coupling is to transmit 4026.8 kW at a shaft
speed of 1200 rpm, how many bolts should be used in the coupling. If the
allowable shearing stress for the bolt is 103.43 mPA.

Given: P= 4026.8, d= 2.54 cm->0.0254 m, r=0.1524m,

N= 1200rpm, allowable stress =103.43mPA

Solution:
2πNT
P= /60 T=PRn->P=SA

3 2π(1200)T 3 6 π 2
4026.8x10 = /60 32.04x10 =[(103.43x10 )( /4 (0.0254) )](0.1524m)n

T=32.04kN-M n=4.01= 4 bolts

QUIZ

Three 20mm diameter rivets are used to lap joints two steel plates together.
Each plate is 25mm thick. The plates carry a tensile load of 50 kN. Solve
the bearing stress of each plate. Assume the axial load is distributed
equally on rivets.

Given: P=50kN t= 25mm d= 20 mm S B=?

Solution:

P = 50kN/3
SB=?
A=dt -> (20)(25)= 500mm2
SB= 50 kN/3/500mm2
SB=33.33 MPa
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

ASSIGNMENT

1. A square of steel bar 50 mm on a side & 1m long is subjected to an axial tensile

force of 250kN. Determine the decrease in the lateral dimension due to this load
consider E= 200 GPA & µ=0.3

Solution: µ= ɛlateral/ɛlongation

δ=PL/AE -> ɛ=P/AE

where,
:. ɛ=P/t2E

= 250x103/(50)2(200x103)

ɛ long= 5x10-4

hence; µ= ɛlateral/ɛlongation = µ= Δt /t/ ɛ long

Δt = µ ɛ long t

= (0.3)(5x10-4)(50mm)

Δt = 0.0075mm or 7.5x10-3m
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

ASSIGNMENT

What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft that will not twist
through more than 30 in a 6m length when subjected to a torque of 14 kN-
m? Use G=83 GPa.

Given: θ= 30=3 π/180, L= 6m, J= π/32 d4, d=?

T= 14kN-m= 14x103 N-M, G= 83GPa= 83x109N/m2

Solution:

J=TL/G θ

π/32 d4= (14x103N-M)(6m) / (83x109 N/m2)( 3 π/180)

π/32 d4= 84000Nm-m2 / 4345869837 N/m2

d4= 1.93x10-5m / π/32

4
√d4= 4√1.97x10-4

d= 0.118m or 118mm
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

ASSIGNMENT

A flanged bolt coupling consists of six 10 mm diameter steel bolts on a bolt circle 300
mm in diameter and four 10 mm diameter steel bolts on a concentric bolt circle 200 mm
in diameter. What torque can be applied without exceeding a shear stress of 60 MPa in
the bolts?

Given: R1= d1/2=300/2=150mm R2= d2/2=200/2 = 100mm

n1=6 n2=4

Solution:

For one bolt in the outer circle; For one bolt in the inner circle;

P1=AS -> A= π/4 d2= π/4 (10)2=78.54mm2 P1/R1=P2/R2

P1=(78.54mm2)(60N/mm2) (4712.39N/150mm=P2/100mm)100mm

P1= 4712.39N P2=3141.59N

For torque;

T=P1R1n1+P2R2n2

=(4712.39N)(0.15m)(6)+(3141.59N)(0.1m)(4)

=4241.151N-m+1256.636N-m

=5497.787N-m

T=5.497kN-m
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

ASSIGNMENT

A 20 mm diameter rivet joint two plates which are each 100mm wide. If the
allowable stresses are 140 MPa for bearing in the plate material & 80 MPa
for sharing of the rivets, determine the minimum thickness of each plate.

Given: ss=80 MPa SB=140 MPa d=20mm t=?

Solution:

Shearing stress of rivet; P= SA

=80MPa(π/4(20)2)

=80MPa(π/4(400))

=80MPa(314.159)

P=25132.72N

Bearing plate stress; t=P/Sd

t= 25132.72N/(140MPa)(20)

=25132.72N/2800MPa

t= 8.975mm
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

ASSIGNMENT

A 20 kN-m torque is applied to a solid shaft of 7cm diameter. Calculate the

angle of twist per unit length of the shaft. Take G=100 GPa.

Given: T=20kN-m = 20x103N-m, G= 100x109N/m2 , L=1,

d=7cm = 0.07cm θ=?

Solution:

T=(πD4/32)*G* θ/L

20x103N-m=[π(0.07)4/32]*100x109N/m2* θ/1

20x103N-m=(2.357x10-6)(100x109N/m2)* θ/1

θ= 20x103/235717.6238

θ= 0.08484 rad x(180/π rad)

θ= 4.860/m
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES
ACTIVITY
1. A solid steel shaft 5m long is stressed to 60 MPA when twisted
through 40. Using G= 83GPA, Compute the required shaft diameter.

Given: L=5m ->5000mm, G=60MPA->6x106 N/mm2,

G=83 GPA->83x109 N/mm2, θ= 40

Solution:
θ=SL/RG
θ=4(π/180)=( 6x106 N/mm2)(5000mm)/R(83 GPA->83x109 N/mm2)
 R=51.8mm

Then, d=2R
d=2(51.8mm)
d= 103.6mm
2. A shaft is made from tube 25 mm outer diameter and inner diameter.
The stress must not exceed 150 MPA. Calculate the maximum power
that should be transmitted at 500 rpm.

Given: D=25mm, d= 20mm, S= 150 MPA

Solution:
150mm 2 16(25mm)(T) 4 4
/mm = /[π[(25mm )-(20mm) ]
150mm 2 400T 4
/mm = / π(230625mm )
400mmT 108679470.9N*mm2
/400mm= /400mm

T= 271698.6773M-mm or 271.6986773 M

2 πN π
P= / 60
2 π(500rpm)(271.6986733N-M)
P= /60

P= 14226.10948 watts