HEAT

Is heat the same as temperature?

Heat and temperature are different. Temperature is the degree of how hot or cold an object is,
while heat is thermal energy that transfers between objects that have a temperature difference.
Heat always flows from a hotter object to a cooler object. Heat is the cause of temperature
changes in an object. The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin, while the SI unit of heat is Joule.

Why don't different objects have the same temperature value when given the same heat?

For example, sand and water

Water has a relatively high heat capacity. It

can absorb and store a significant amount of
heat energy without experiencing a large
increase in temperature. In contrast, sand
has a lower heat capacity, so it heats up
more quickly when heat is added, and its
temperature rises.

they will not reach the same temperature when given the same heat because each object has a
different heat capacity.

Heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object by 1 degree
Celsius. Objects with a high heat capacity require more heat to achieve the same temperature
increase than objects with a low heat capacity.

Specific heat (kalor jenis) is the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1
kilogram (or 1 gram) of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 Kelvin). The unit of specific
heat is Joule/kg. ◦Celsius or Joule/kg. Kelvin.

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How to calculate the amount of heat?

The amount of heat can be calculated using the formula:

Q: heat (in joules)

m: the mass of the object (in kilograms)
Q = m . c . ΔT
c: the specific heat capacity of the object (in Joule/kg. ◦C)
ΔT: the change in temperature (in ◦C)

ΔT = Final temperature - Initial temperature.

For example,
Q1. Calculate the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of aluminium from
20°C to 70°C!

Answer:
we know that:
• Mass (m) = 1 kg
• Specific Heat Capacity (c) for aluminium = 921 J/kg°C
• Initial temperature = 20°C
• Final temperature = 70°C
• Temperature Change (ΔT) = 70°C - 20°C = 50°C
now calculate the heat:

Q = m . c . ΔT

Q = 1 kg x 921 J/kg°C x 50°C = 46,050 joules

So, to heat 1 kilogram of aluminium from 20°C to 70°C, we need to add approximately 46,050
joules of heat.

Heat Transfer
The heat flows from a hotter object to a cooler object.

The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are known as conductors.

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The materials which do not allow heat to pass through them easily are poor conductors of heat
are known as insulators.

Heat can move between objects through three main methods: conduction, convection, and
radiation.

• Conduction occurs when heat moves from one object to another object through direct
contact or touching each other. For example, when you touch hot frying pan on the
stove.
• Convection occurs when heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid mass
(liquid or gas), such as water or air. For example, when you heat a fluid, the hot part
rises, and the cooler part go down, creating a continuous flow.
• Radiation occurs when heat is transferred via electromagnetic waves, which do not
require any physical medium. For example, you can feel warm when you stand close to
a bonfire or under the sunlight.

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 WORK SHEET

Name:_______________________ Date:________________
Choose the correct answer!
1. Is heat the same as temperature?
a. True
b. False

2. Why don't different objects have the same temperature value when given the same heat?
a. Because heat flows from cooler objects to hotter objects.
b. Because each object has a different heat capacity.
c. Because temperature and heat are the same thing.

3. How can you calculate the amount of heat?

a. Using the formula: Heat = Mass x Specific Heat Capacity x Temperature Change
b. Using the formula: Heat = Mass / Temperature Change
c. Using the formula: Heat = Specific Heat Capacity / Mass

4. How does heat transfer occur in the following situations:

I. When you touch a hot frying pan on the stove.
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
II. when heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid mass.
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
III. When you feel warm standing near a bonfire.
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
5. If you have 2 kilograms of water at 50°C and you want to raise its temperature to 70°C,
how much heat is needed? Calculate with the formula!