19AUEN1021 Session

Electric Vehicle Powertrains 22

Programme offered to : 1. Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering

Type of course : Professional Elective Level of Course : Mastery

On completion of the session the learner will be able to:

Explain the significance, functions, types and architecture of BMS

Explain the cell balancing methods and how it is accomplished

Explain the process cell supervision and associated hardware

 Complex Environment

➢ Temperature
➢ Humidity
➢ Load
➢ Pressure
➢ Corrosion
➢ Vibration

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.1. Explain the need for battery management
 Challenges

➢ Safety
➢ Cycle Life
➢ Effective Use

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.1. Explain the need for battery management
 Battery Management System

Source Charger Battery Load

Monitor and Control

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.1. Explain the need for battery management
 General Functions

➢ State Monitoring
➢ Energy Utilization
➢ Charging and Discharging
➢ Life
➢ Safety
Image source: vruzund.com

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.2. Explain the general function of BMS
 Specific Functions
Measurements of
1. Cell voltage
2. Temperature
3. Pack current
4. Pack voltage
5. Insulation resistance
Image source: vruzund.com

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.3. Explain the specific function of BMS
 Specific Functions

6. Thermal management
7. SOH estimation
8. SOC estimation
9. Fault and alarm
10. Discharge/charge times
Image source: vruzund.com

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.3. Explain the specific function of BMS
 Specific Functions

Communication with
11. Onboard equipment
12. Monitoring equipment
13. Charger

Image source: vruzund.com

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.3. Explain the specific function of BMS
 State of Function (SoF)
➢ SoF 1
(Start Up)
➢ SoF 2
(Charge Acceptance)

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.4. Explain the state of function

16MEE56 Battery System for Electric Vehicles 2.3.9. List the different types of BMS
 Passive Cell Balancing
Start of End of Start of End of Start of End of
Balancing Balancing Balancing Balancing Balancing Balancing

Heat Heat

1st Cell 2nd Cell 3rd Cell

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.5. Explain the role of BMS in cell balancing
 Active Cell Balancing
Start of End of Start of End of Start of End of
Balancing Balancing Balancing Balancing Balancing Balancing

1st Cell 2nd Cell 3rd Cell

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.5. Explain the role of BMS in cell balancing
 Balancing
➢Dissipative or passive methods
➢Non-dissipative or active methods

Image source: analog.com

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.5. Explain the role of BMS in cell balancing
 Charge Equalization
Passive – Resistive Active – Capacitive, Inductive and Transformer

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.5. Explain the role of BMS in cell balancing
 Topologies of BMS
➢ Centralized
➢ Modular
➢ Distributed

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.6. Explain the topologies of BMS

 Distributed BMS Architecture
➢BCU
➢BMU

➢Slave Modules
➢High Voltage
Measurement Module

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.7. Explain the distributed BMS architecture
 BCU Hardware

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.7. Explain the distributed BMS architecture
 Slave Module Hardware

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.7. Explain the distributed BMS architecture
 High Voltage Module Hardware

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.7. Explain the distributed BMS architecture
 Cell Supervision
➢ Cell Supervisory Circuit – CSC
➢ Analog to Digital Converter - ADC

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.8. Explain cell supervision for cell balancing
 Analog to Digital Converters

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 4.1.8. Explain cell supervision for cell balancing
16MEE56 Battery System for Electric Vehicles
Summary

Explained the significance, functions, types and architecture of BMS

Explained the cell balancing methods and how it is accomplished

Explained the process cell supervision and associated hardware

Thank You