Chapter 6

INTERPENETRATIONS OF SOLIDS
CONSTRUCTION OF THE 3RD VIEW

Dr. Pham Minh Tuan

 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF A PLANE & A PRISM

→ a polygon.
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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF A PLANE & A CYLINDER

A plane normal to the cylinder’s axis → a circle

A plane parallel to the cylinder’s axis → a rectangle
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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF A PLANE & A CYLINDER

A plane unparallel to the cylinder’s axis → an ellipse

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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF TWO PRISMS

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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF TWO CYLINDERS

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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF TWO CYLINDERS

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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF A CYLINDER & A SPHERE

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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF A PRISM & A CYLINDER

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 Interpenetrations
INTERSECTION OF A PRISM & A CYLINDER

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 Interpenetrations
DRAWING PROCESS
Divide the interpenetration into segments, construct the 3rd views
of individuals points and then join them together by a curve.

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 Analysis of object structure
Any object is constructed by basic solids. Orthographic projections
of an object is the systematical combination of corresponding
projections of such basic solids.

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 Reading of a drawing
A process to transform drawings in 2D space to an object in 3D
space.

Procedure:
Define proper main view.
Separate the object into many basic solids, have knowledge of
orthographic projections of basic solids.
Analyze and understand the meanings of line types in projection
views.
For objects which are difficult to separate into basic solids, can
analyze the projections of lines and planes instead.

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Construct the 3rd view from the two given first-angle views as
follows:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Analysis of the solid structure:

C
A B C

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Combine sub-solids together and verify the projections:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Combine sub-solids together and verify the projections:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Combine sub-solids together and verify the projections:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Select a proper answer and construct the 3rd view of the drawing:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
Process summary
1. Predict the object structure (3D) from 2 given views:
+ Analyze 2 given views and define the geometries of basic solids.
+ Combine basic solids together  Verify with 2 given views.
Isometric view can be used to draft the object structure, but it is not
recommended because of taking a lot of time.
Besides, it is a challenge to draw isometric views of some complex
structures.

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 Construction of the 3rd view
EXAMPLE
2. Construct of the 3rd view:
- Draw the seen features:
+ Draw inclined planes (remember 6 cases of L plane).
+ Draw normal planes to projection view.
- Draw hidden features:
+ Draw inclined planes (remember 6 cases of L plane).
+ Draw normal planes to projection view.
3. Complete center lines, symmetric lines, etc.
4. Double check entire drawing, verify the relation of 3 views.

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Construction of the 3rd view

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 Construction of the 3rd view
The base:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
The body:

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 Construction of the 3rd view
Draw separated part of the object: the based is drawn before the
body; the external features is drawn before the hidden feature;
general/main features is drawn before the details.
Always verify the relation of 3 projections during drawing the 3rd
view.

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 Construction of the 3rd view
After completing the 3rd view, delete the construction lines and
double check the drawing:

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 Example
Construct the 3rd view of
the object based on 2 given
views as follows:

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 Example
Answer:

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END OF CHAPTER 6