Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 39 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

PAST PAPER QUESTIONS

June 2003 Nov 2003
Q5 (a) (i-v) Q1 (a) (i-v)

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 39 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2)
June 2004 – Q1 (a) (b)
Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2)
40 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan
Q1 b) Compare the natural topographical and drainage features of the
Upper Indus Plain with those of the Lower Indus Plain. [6]
Topography:
✓ -Both areas are flat/gently undulating
✓ -Land higher in Upper Indus Plain/lower in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Both areas mainly alluvial/have active flood plain/old flood plain
-Doabs mainly a feature of the Upper Indus Plain /not or rarely
found in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Bar uplands/alluvial terraces in Upper Indus Plain only -A few
low hills in both areas
✓ -Quartzite/slate hills in Upper Indus Plain whereas limestone
hills/cuestas in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Piedmont plains and alluvial fans in both -Both areas have rolling
sand dunes
Drainage:
✓ -Indus has many tributaries in Upper Indus Plain but few in Lower
Indus Plain
✓ -Indus has 4/5 large left/east bank tributaries in Upper Indus Plain
✓ -Indus has 1 large and several small right/west bank tributary in
Upper Indus Plain’
✓ -Tributaries contribute a huge amount of water to Indus in Upper
Indus Plain but very little water to Indus in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Meanders/braiding/ox-bows/ swamps/etc common in both areas
✓ -Indus delta at southern end of Lower Indus Plain not in Upper
Indus Plain
✓ -Wider river in Lower Indus Plain /narrower in Upper Indus Plain
/LIP over 1.6 miles wide
✓ –Upper Indus Plain -1.4-1.6 miles wide
Q2 (a) Study Fig. 2
(i) state the number of
degrees East of
longitude A, [1]
76 (°E)
(ii) name the mountain
range B, [1]
Karakoram
(iii) name the plateau C,
[1] Balochistan
(iv) name the desert D,
[1] Cholistan
(v) name country E. [1]
Afghanistan
40 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan
Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 41 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

NOV 2004: q1 Nov 2005 Q1

[a] [a]
(i) state the number (i) name the City
of degrees North A [1]
of longitude A Gujranwala
(Murree is 34N, (ii) state the
[1] Latitude of
36 (°N) degrees North
(ii) name the of line B, [1]
mountain range 32N
B, [1] (iii) name the river
Himalayas C, [1]
(iii) name the river Hab
C, [1] Kabul
(iv) name the desert
D, [1] Kharan
(v) name city E. [1]
Quetta
June 2006 Q1 [a]
(i) name country
June 2005 Q1 [a] A,
China
(i) name the city A (ii) name city B,
,Karachi Peshawar
(ii) name the line of (iii) name the
latitude B, river C,
Tropic of Chenab
Cancer/23½° N (iv) name the
(iii) name the river plain D,
C, Upper Indus
Dasht (Plain) / Punjab
(iv) name the area (v) State the
D, number in °N of
Indus delta/Thatta the line of
district latitude E.
(v) name the 28
province E.
Balochistan

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 41 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 42 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Nov 2006 Q2 [a] Q1 (b) (i) What is a snowfield? [1]

An area where snow/ice does not melt /Where snow lies all year
(i) name the dam
A, (ii) Explain why a large part of the area in Fig. 1 is covered with snowfields.
Mangla • Mountainous/high altitudes/Over 3000m
(ii) name the • Cold climate/low temps/below FP
river B, • Moderate/high snowfall/precipitation
Jhelum • More accumulation than melting
(iii) state the
number in Q1 (c) (i) State where the summer pastures are situated on Fig.1. [1]
degrees East of next to snowfields
the line of
(ii) Describe the method of farming called ‘transhumance’, which is used
longitude C,
in areas such as the Hunza.
68
(iv) name the city
• Goats/sheep/cattle/yak/dzu/livestock
D,
Sukkur • Seasonal movement
(v) name the • Move to higher slopes in summer/to summer pastures
range of hills • Move to find food/pastures/grass/for grazing
shaded at E. • Animals fattened /Milk/meat/wool/skins, etc.
Sulaiman • Stay in valleys in winter/permanent homes in valley
• Animals kept in sheds in winter /Storage of hay/fodder crops
• May take animals from other families
June 2007
Q1 [a] Q1 (d) (ii) Explain how topography and climate affects the lives of the
(i) Name the range people in mountain areas. Use your knowledge of mountain areas and
of mountains in information from Fig. 2 to help you. [6]
which this valley is
situated. [1] Look for an effect linked toan aspect of topography or climate. The same
Karakoram Range effect may be linked to several aspects of topography or climate, or
(ii) Name the town the reverse.
A. [1] • Farming is difficult because of the cold climate
Gilgit • People live indoors because of the cold climate
(iii) Name the • Farming is difficult because of thin, stony soils
highway which • Lack of development because of inaccessibility
follows this valley • Roads blocked because of landslides, avalanches etc.
north to China. [1] • Craft industries because people live indoors in winter
Karakoram Highway • People wear thick clothes because of the cold climate.
(iv) Name the • Transhumance is done because of the mountainous topography (max 2
Federally transhumance)
Administered Area • Tourism is a source of income because of the beautiful mountain scenery
in which this valley This list is not exhaustive, but serves to illustrate possible answers.
is situated. [1]
Northern Area(s)/
FANA

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 43 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Nov 2007 June 2008

Q1 [a]: Q3 :

(i) Name the cities A,

(i) Name the B and C.
deserts X and Y. A- Karachi
[2] B–Hyderabad,
X– C – Sukkur
Tharparker/Nara
Y - Thal ii) Name the desert
D.
Thar(parkar)
(iii) Name the river
E. [5]
Indus

(ii) describe the scene in Photograph A Nov 2008 Q1 [a]

Dry/desert/ - camels - bare/barren/sandy ground – low bushes/thorny trees – no
clouds (i) Name area A.
FATA
(ii) Name the
country B.
Afghanistan
(iii) Name the river
C.
Mastuj
(iv) Name the range
of mountains D.
Safed Koh/Waziristan
Hills
(v) Name the major
pass through these
mountains E.
Khyber

(c) Study the map Fig. 1 again

(i) The distance in a straight line from Peshawar to Dir is about 135
kilometers. Using this knowledge, state how far it is from Peshawar to
Chitral in a straight line.
190 – 210 kms [1]

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 44 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

(ii) What would the most suitable form of transport from Peshawar to Nov 2009
Chitral be for
A a rich businessman? Q3
aeroplane/car
B the delivery of gas cylinders? (i) Name the
road, lorry, rail province A.
C the transport of wool and hides?
Balochistan
road, pack animal, lorry, rail [3]
(iii) Explain the problems of maintaining infrastructure and communication (ii)Name the river
in these B.
• areas all through the year./ snow and ice / avalanche Sutlej
• heavy rain/ flooding / earthquake
• sabotage / accidents/ landslides/ shortage of machinery/people (iii) Name the
• inaccessible/isolated plateau C. [3]
Candidates must explain how the factors affect maintenance. At least 2
Potwar
different factors must be explained, but up to 4 factors can be credited at one
mark each. List without explanation = 1 [4]

June 2009 Nov 2010

Q3 (a) (i) Name the cities

Study Fig. 3, a A, B and C, and
map showing the line of latitude
three major D.
cities and two
major roads. A - Quetta
B - Hyderabad
i) Name the cities C - Lahore
A, B and C. [3] D - 30°N

A – Hyderabad
B – Lahore
C –Peshawar

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 45 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

ROAD BUILDING
(c) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a valley in Shangla district,
NWFP. • Ideas such as: – Transport so more industries established
(i) With reference to the photograph, explain why agriculture is difficult in – Cottage / small scale industries grow
this area. [4] – Trade (with example)
– Tourism (with example)
– Settlement so more service industries
– Road construction and supply work
– Jobs – e.g. drivers, maintenance, roadside services etc.
• BUT – high maintenance environment / roads often need repair etc.
•
RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

• Similar to above
• Ideas such as: – Can work day and night
– Can use computers etc.
– Opportunities for mechanisation of cottage industries /more light or
heat
– Construction of new HEP schemes
– More tubewells for agriculture
• BUT – can supply be reliable? / problem of shortages etc.
Difficulties (must be explained
• Soil erosion, Problems of terraces BETTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• Lack of flat land, Poor soils
• Other land uses in valley base • Similar to above
• Lack of irrigation • Ideas such as – IT opportunities
• Lack of mechanisation (with reason) – More sales etc.
• Cold temperatures / snow and ice – Construction of infrastructure
• Rabi crops cannot be grown • BUT – cost of infrastructure, chance of damage etc.
• Lack of water in winter, Flooding in summer
CLEAN WATER SUPPLY
(ii) Name two cottage industries that could be developed in this area. [2]
Allow 1 general and 1 specific cottage industry
• Similar to above
Specific – carpet, knitting, weaving, wood carving, etc.
• Ideas such as – More food processing industries
(d) Choose two of the improvements shown below, and explain to what extent – Healthy so more working days
these two improvements could create more employment opportunities in • BUT – shortage of water, winter freezing etc.
mountain valleys. [6]
Allow ‘attracts investment’ and ‘attracts industry’ only once unless well
• Road building developed. Reserve 2 marks for each of 2 factors chosen. Reserve 1 mark for
• Clean water supply disadvantage / limitation to one factor. The mark scheme for (d) is not exhaustive.
• Reliable electricity supply Credit what comes that is relevant to employment opportunities. Credit can be
• Better telecommunications give for negative answers e.g. ‘this is not possible’.
Reserve 1 mark for one limitation / problem of one chosen improvement (i.e. ‘to
what extent’)

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 46 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Nov 2011 June 2012 Q 2

Q 4 (a) Study Photograph B (Insert). (i) the line of latitude A
36 °N
(ii) the mountain pass B
Khunjerab
(iii) the road C
Karakoram Highway /
KKH / Silk Road
(iv) the province D(4)
Northern Area(s) / FANA
/ Gilgit – Baltistan

June 2014
Q 2(i) Name the towns
(i) What are the animals shown in the photograph? [1] A, B and C [3]
Sheep / goats (list rule) • A – Quetta
• B – Peshawar
(ii) Describe the topography (relief) and vegetation of the area shown in
• C – Gilgit
the photograph. [3]
Topography (res. 1) (ii) Name one of the passes
• Flat/Gently sloping, undulating/Small ridges D, E and F shown on Fig.
Vegetation (res. 1) 5, and name the country
• Sparse, Scattered / uneven/(Small) bushes, scrub, trees, thorny (any 2) that it links to Pakistan.
[2]
(iii) Explain why these animals are reared in nomadic way in arid areas. [3]
• D – Khojak pass –
• Search for / lack of food / pasture Afghanistan
• Quickly finished so have to move in Search for / lack of water • E – Khyber pass –
• Move with the weather/No infrastructure for settlement Afghanistan
• F – Khunjerab pass –
(iv) What are the disadvantages of keeping animals in a nomadic way? [2] China
• Overgrazing / soil erosion / desertification
• Low incomes /Difficult to improve / develop (iii) Give two reasons why
• Animals may die / starve / poor quality animals air transport is used to
• Lack of veterinary care / disease spreads easily/Poor breeding carry lightweight or
valuable goods to other
(v) Suggest an alternative way of keeping these animals. [1] countries instead of roads. [2]
• In stalls / stall feeding • Safety / less likely to be damaged / stolen /
• In fields / fenced areas • less risk of accidents/Speed
• Transhumance

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 47 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Nov 2014 Nov 2017

Q 1 (a) Q 4: (i) On the map
name the following:
Name: (i) The
Line of longitude A–
rivers E, F, and G.
A; River B; Desert
[3]
C. [3]
• E Indus
• A 64°E
• F Jhelum
• B Hab
• G Ravi
• C Thal
(ii) One of the
dams H or J. [1] (ii) Describe the
natural topography
• H Tarbela (relief) of Area D on
• J Mangla the map.
• Flat or gentle
sloping land;
June 2016 • Lower Indus Plain / low altitude;
• Flood plain / active floodplain (bet) / old floodplain;
• Delta;
Q1 (i) On the map
• Limestone cliffs at Hyderabad (Ganjo Takkar Hills) / escarpment / cuesta;
name the
• Doab / sand dunes (tibbas);
following:
• Piedmont plains with alluvial fans
Mountain range
A; City B; River C
[3] JUNE 2018
(i) On Fig. 1.1, label the
A: Himalaya(s) following: Afghanistan; C
B: Murree India; Line of longitude
C: Jhelum 70°E. You should write
the name in the correct
Q5 (a) Study Fig. 9 location on the map. [3]
which is a map of A. Afghanistan – to A.
southern west of Pakistan;
Pakistan. B. India – to east of B
(i) On the map Pakistan;
name the C. Longitude 70 °E –
following: Line of middle line of the
longitude A; River three on map.
B; City C [3]
(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw
A: – 64E and label the Tropic of
B: – Dasht Cancer. [2]
C: – Karachi D. Tropic of cancer at
23.5 N
D

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 47 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 48 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

(iii) Describe Pakistan’s location in relation to other countries in South d) Evaluate the extent to which the natural topography of Pakistan limits
and Central Asia human activity and economic development in the north of the country. Give
• Western part of South Asia;/ India to the East / South East / North East; reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied.
China to the North / North East;/ Afghanistan to the North West / West;/ You should consider different points of view in your answer. [6]
Iran to the West / South West;
• Between / shares border with / neighbouring country with China / India Limits to human activity and development
Availability of flat land; Impact of topography on climate; Restrictions to
/Afghanistan / Iran;
developing named examples of industry / farming / other named examples of
• Compass direction to any of the following non-conjoining countries in
human activity and economic development; Restrictions to developing named
South and Central Asia ONLY: Nepal / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan /
examples of infrastructure, e.g. roads / telecommunications / internet / other
• Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Maldives / Burma/
named examples of human activity and economic development.
(Myanmar);
• Distance to any the following non-conjoining countries in South and Encourages human activity and development
Central Asia ONLY: Nepal / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan / Turkmenistan / Transhumance; HEP / Hydel / dams; Cottage industries; Tourism. Etc.
Uzbekistan / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Maldives / Burma (Myanmar).
June 2019
1 (b) (i) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert). (i) Label on Fig. 1.1 the province-level areas in the correct locations using
the letters from the list below.
letter Province level area
A. Balochistan
B. FATA
C. Northern Areas/Gilgit-Baltistan
D. Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
E. Punjab
F. Sindh

Describe the main features of the desert area shown in the photograph. [3]
• Sand / sandy; • Sand dunes / ridges / hills / hilly; • Large area / expanse / plain
/ plains; • Sparse / scant vegetation / not much greenery / few trees / lack of
trees; • Small bushes / thorny bushes / scrub / rakh / shrubs; • Barren / bare / dry;
• Oasis.
(ii) Explain the challenges of living in a desert area, such as that shown in
Fig. 1.2. You should develop your answer. [4]
Challenges such as: • High temperatures / hot (during day) / cold at night /
uncomfortable living conditions; • Lack of / little / unreliable rainfall; • Difficult
to grow crops / carry out agriculture; • Difficult to rear animals; • Lack of water
/ travel long distance to find water / low water table; • Dust / sandstorms; •
Infertile soils / lack of nutrients / lack of humus produced; • Reliable food
supply; • Isolated / far from urban areas / remote; • Inaccessible / poor / lack of
roads; • Wild / poisonous animals. Etc.

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 49 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

(ii) Name the cities Y

and Z (ii) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert).
Y = Multan Identify the mountain feature
Z = Hyderabad labelled A in the photograph.
(b) (i) Describe the [1]
characteristics of a A: • peak/• horn/ • summit/ •
floodplain. arêtes
• Flat / gentle slope / (b) (i) Define the term
gentle valley side / ‘topography’ [1]
doab;/ Wide;
• Boggy / marshy / (The study or description of)
water meadows / features of the landscape,
waterlogged; (which includes both natural
and artificial features) / natural
• Fertile / rich soil or
characteristics of land /
minerals / alluvial
structural features of landscape.
terraces / alluvium /
silt / gravel; (ii) Describe the natural topography of the northern regions.
• Levees;/ Oxbow lakes
/ meanders / braiding. • V shaped valleys / deep valleys / narrow valleys / gorges;/• U shaped valleys;
(ii) State two ways that land on a floodplain is used. • Cirque / corrie / arête;
• Farming / farmer’s fields / growing crops / agriculture / cultivation; • High altitude (6000 m+) / snow-capped or high peaks / hilly / mountainous;
• Steep slopes / uneven / rugged; • Scree;
• (Cattle) grazing / rearing buffalo;
• Bare rocks / rocky / barren;
• Fish farms / fish breeding / aquaculture;/ Industry;
• Snowfields / glaciers;
• Transport or examples, e.g. roads / railways; • Parallel ranges;
• Settlement / building / housing / homes; • High passes (Khunjerab / Shandur / Lawarai);
• Irrigation / canals / drainage ditches. • Rivers / streams / rapids / waterfalls.
Nov 2019 (iii) Describe the importance of the Northern Mountains to Pakistan.

Q1 • Snow-capped peaks melt during summer to drain water into rivers;

• Provides water from high rainfall;/• Provides water for hydel power / energy;
(i) On the map name the • River water used for irrigation / agriculture;
following landforms in • Historical passes connect Pakistan to China and Afghanistan;
A
the boxes provided: [4] • A natural border (to China and the Central Asian Republics);
. • Provides a land /trade route through Karakoram Highway;
A: Balochistan Plateau; • Source of valuable minerals, timber and fruits;
B
B: Himalayan Ranges; • Provides raw material to several industries or examples: furniture / paper /
C: Karakoram Range; chipboard / industry / chemical industry;
C • Mountain peaks provide protection to Pakistan against the cold winds from
D: Salt Range. Central Asia;
• Scenic beauty promotes tourism / named landmarks, e.g. K2;
D
• Provision of National Parks or named examples, e.g. Chitral National Park /
wildlife preservation;
• Source of income from tourism / tourists / contribute to economy.

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Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 50 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan

Q2: (a) Study Fig. JUNE 2020

2.1, a map showing
the major rivers of 1 (a) (i) Study Fig.
Pakistan. 1.1, a map of
Pakistan. Name
(i) Name rivers V, the three cities
W, X and Y. labelled A, B and C
on Fig. 1.1. (ii)
V = Indus Name the river
W= Jhelum labelled D on Fig.
X = Chenab 1.1.
Y = Ravi
A = Islamabad
(ii) Name dam Z B = Lahore
shown on Fig. 2.1. C = Faisalabad
D = River Indus
Z= Mangla Dam
(iii) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), a map showing the location of a university in
Lahore. Using Fig. 1.2 only, describe the location of this university.
3 (a) (i) Study Fig. • In the south west of the city;
3.1, a map showing the location of Sialkot, a place where sports goods are South of river; On/along
manufactured in Pakistan main road/railway;
• Direction from any named
Using the information feature/location within the
in Fig. 3.1 only, map boundary;
describe the location of • Distance from any named
Sialkot. [3] feature/location within the
• North / north eastern / map boundary.
eastern part of Pakistan; • Note: Max 2 marks for
• Distance from named direction and Max 2 marks
city / Multan / for distance.
Islamabad;
• Direction from named (iv) Suggest two factors
city / north-east of that may affect access to
Multan / south-east of university education in
Islamabad; Pakistan.
• Close / near to border Some cannot gain basic
of Jammu and Kashmir / education/entry
south-west of Jammu qualifications; Cost/fees are
and Kashmir; too expensive; Many in
• West of India / near rural areas cannot access
border with India / higher education; More
border city; university places are
• Direction from named country or area / east of Afghanistan / north-east of Iran needed; People are needed
/ south-west of China / south-west of Jammu and Kashmir; to care for family members;
• In the same province as Multan. People are needed to work in the family business/earn money for the family; etc.

Gul Zahra Jamal (Geography 2059/2) 50 Chapter 1B: Topography/Relief of Pakistan