1.

One Sample t-Test:

- Aim: Test whether a sample mean significantly differs from a hypothesized value.
- Instructions: Given a dataset, choose a continuous variable (e.g., writing scores). Hypothesize
a specific mean value (e.g., 50). Conduct a one-sample t-test to determine if the sample mean
significantly differs from the hypothesized value.

2. One Sample Median Test:

- Aim: Test whether a sample median significantly differs from a hypothesized value.
- Instructions: Use an ordinal variable (e.g., writing scores) and a hypothesized median value
(e.g., 50). Perform a one-sample median test to assess if the sample median differs significantly
from the hypothesized value.

3. One Sample Binomial Test:

- Aim: Test whether the proportion of successes on a categorical variable differs from a
hypothesized value.
- Instructions: Choose a binary categorical variable (e.g., gender). Hypothesize a specific
proportion (e.g., 50%). Conduct a one-sample binomial test to determine if the observed
proportion significantly differs from the hypothesized value.

4. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test:

- Aim: Test whether observed proportions for a categorical variable differ from hypothesized
proportions.
- Instructions: Assume expected proportions (e.g., 10% Hispanic, 10% Asian, 10% African
American, 70% White). Use a chi-square goodness of fit test to assess if the observed
proportions differ significantly from the hypothesized values.

5. Independent Samples t-Test:

- Aim: Compare means of a continuous variable for two independent groups.
- Instructions: Select a continuous variable (e.g., writing scores) and compare means between
two groups (e.g., males vs. females). Perform an independent samples t-test to determine if the
means significantly differ.

6. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test:
- Aim: Non-parametric alternative to independent samples t-test.
- Instructions: Use the same data as in the t-test example. Assume the variable is at least
ordinal. Perform a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test to assess if the underlying distributions of two
groups differ significantly.
7. Chi-Square Test:
- Aim: Assess relationship between two categorical variables.
- Instructions: Investigate the relationship between school type (schtyp) and gender (female).
Use a chi-square test to determine if there is a significant association between the two variables.

8. One-Way ANOVA:
- Aim: Compare means of a continuous variable across multiple groups.
- Instructions: Choose a continuous dependent variable (e.g., writing scores) and compare
means among three program types (prog). Perform a one-way ANOVA to assess if the means
significantly differ.

9. Kruskal-Wallis Test:
- Aim: Non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA.
- Instructions: Use the same data as in the ANOVA example. Assume the dependent variable is
ordinal. Perform a Kruskal-Wallis test to assess if there is a significant difference among
program types.

10. Paired t-Test:

- Aim: Compare means of two related observations.
- Instructions: Choose two continuous variables (e.g., read and write). Perform a paired t-test
to determine if the means significantly differ.

11. Pearson Correlation Coefficient:

- Aim: Assess the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous
variables.
- Instructions: Choose two continuous variables (e.g., math and reading scores). Calculate the
Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the strength and direction of their linear relationship.

12. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient:

- Aim: Non-parametric alternative to Pearson's correlation.
- Instructions: Use the same variables as in the Pearson correlation example. Assume the
variables are at least ordinal. Calculate Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to assess the
strength and direction of their association.
13. Linear Regression Analysis:
- Aim: Model the linear relationship between a dependent and one or more independent
variables.
- Instructions: Select a continuous dependent variable (e.g., science scores) and one or more
independent variables (e.g., math scores, reading scores). Perform a linear regression analysis to
model their relationship.

14. Multiple Regression Analysis:

- Aim: Extend linear regression to include multiple independent variables.
- Instructions: Choose a continuous dependent variable (e.g., science scores) and multiple
independent variables (e.g., math scores, reading scores, socio-economic status). Conduct a
multiple regression analysis to model their relationship.

15. Logistic Regression Analysis:

- Aim: Model the relationship between a binary dependent variable and one or more
independent variables.
- Instructions: Select a binary dependent variable (e.g., pass/fail) and one or more independent
variables (e.g., hours studied, attendance). Perform a logistic regression analysis to model their
relationship.

16. Factor Analysis:

- Aim: Identify underlying relationships between measured variables.
- Instructions: Select several related variables (e.g., survey items on educational attitudes).
Conduct a factor analysis to identify underlying factors that explain the patterns of correlations
within the variables.

17. Survival Analysis:

- Aim: Analyze the expected duration of time until one or more events happen.
- Instructions: Choose a time-to-event variable (e.g., time until graduation). Perform survival
analysis to model the time until the event occurs and identify significant predictors.

18. Cluster Analysis:

- Aim: Group a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group are more similar to
each other than to those in other groups.
- Instructions: Use a dataset with multiple variables (e.g., student profiles). Apply cluster
analysis to group students into clusters based on similarities across the variables.
19. Discriminant Analysis:
- Aim: Determine which variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring
groups.
- Instructions: Select a categorical dependent variable (e.g., program type) and several
independent variables (e.g., test scores). Use discriminant analysis to determine which variables
differentiate the groups.

20. Time Series Analysis:

- Aim: Analyze time-ordered sequence of data points to understand underlying patterns.
- Instructions: Choose a variable that is measured over time (e.g., monthly test scores).
Conduct time series analysis to identify trends, seasonal patterns, or other characteristics.