PAPER GROUP OF FIVE

“MICROSOFT EXCEL SOFTWARE”

Supporting lecturer :

Wayan Suana, S.Pd., M.Si.

Arranged by :

1. Intan Permata S. Putri 2213025066

2. Jenita Alexsandra Kabes 2213025062
3. Joe Fendika 2213025004

4. Muhammad Ibnu Andareas 2253025002

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG

2024
 FOREWORD

Firstly, gratitude is extended to Allah SWT for His assistance in enabling the completion of
the "Microsoft Excel" paper within the stipulated time frame. The primary objective behind
crafting this paper is to meet the requirements set forth by Mr. Wayan Suana, S.Pd., M.Sc.,
the instructor for the Professional English course.

Throughout the preparation phase, the author encountered numerous challenges and hurdles,
yet with the support of various individuals, these impediments were surmounted. It is
acknowledged that despite efforts, errors may still persist within this paper.

Appreciation is extended to all those who contributed to the writing process. May Allah SWT
reward their assistance and bestow blessings upon them. Recognizing the imperfections
inherent in this paper, both in its structure and content, the author welcomes constructive
criticism and suggestions from readers to enhance future endeavors.

In conclusion, it is hoped that this paper serves to broaden readers' understanding of celestial
sciences. Hopefully this assignment can be understood by anyone who reads it. I hope this
assignment can be useful for ourselves and those who read it. Finally, hopefully this
assignment can provide benefits to all of us.

Bandar Lampung, 12 March 2024

The Writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD..................................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 DEFINITION OF MICROSOFT EXCEL ................................................... 1
1.3 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER II ..................................................................................................................... 2
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 APLICATION SOFTWARE ......................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Basic operation ....................................................................................... 3
2.2 HISTORY ........................................................................................................ 3
2.3 FUNCTION ..................................................................................................... 3
2.3.1 Macro Programming ............................................................................. 4
2.3.2 Phyton Programming ............................................................................ 5
2.3.3 Number of rows and columns ............................................................... 5
2.3.4 File formats ............................................................................................. 5
2.3.5 XML Spreadsheet .................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................... 6
IMPLEMENTATION AND INTEGRATION ............................................................... 6
3.1 MICROSOFT EXCEL FUNCTION .............................................................. 6
3.2 MICROSOFT EXCEL FORMULAS ............................................................ 9
CHAPTER IV.................................................................................................................... 10
CLOSING .......................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 CONSLUSION ................................................................................................... 10
4.2 ADVICE .............................................................................................................. 10
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 11

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND

Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft

Corporation. It was first released in 1985 for Macintosh computers and later for
Microsoft Windows in 1987. Since then, Excel has become one of the most widely
used applications for data analysis, calculation, visualization, and organization in
various fields such as business, finance, education, and research. The inception of
Microsoft Excel revolutionized the way data is managed and analyzed, offering users
a versatile platform to handle complex calculations, create dynamic charts and graphs,
and organize data efficiently. With its user-friendly interface and extensive range of
features, Excel has become an indispensable tool for professionals and individuals
alike.
Over the years, Microsoft has continually enhanced Excel with new
functionalities, including advanced formulas, pivot tables, macros, and integration
with other Microsoft Office applications. These updates have further solidified Excel's
position as the leading spreadsheet software in the industry, empowering users to make
informed decisions, streamline workflows, and unlock valuable insights from their
data. As we delve deeper into this paper, we will explore the various features,
applications, and benefits of Microsoft Excel software, shedding light on its
significance in modern-day computing and its role in facilitating productivity and
innovation across diverse domains.

1.2. DEFINITION OF MICROSOFT EXCEL

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows,
macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a
macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. Microsoft Excel
is a full-featured spreadsheet program that allows you to organize data, complete
calculations, make decisions, transform data to graph, and develop professional
looking reports.

1.3. OBJECTIVES

1. Understanding Microsoft Excel: Explore Excel's features and functionalities as a

spreadsheet software.
2. Data Analysis Tools: Learn to use Excel's tools for statistical analysis, forecasting, and
trend analysis.
3. Formulas and Functions: Master the use of formulas and functions for data manipulation
and automation.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 APPLICATION SOFTWARE

2.1.1 Basic operation

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid of cells arranged in
numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic
operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial
needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very
limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its
dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario
manager). A PivotTable is a tool for data analysis. It does this by simplifying large data sets
via PivotTable fields. It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing the
user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential
equations of mathematical physics, and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It
also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the
spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or
decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock
analyzer, or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and
reports. In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external
databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,] analyze the results, make a
Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a regular basis to a
list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.

Worksheets, Worksheets allow you to enter, calculate, manipulate and analyze data such as
numbers and text.

Charts, Charts pictorially represent data. Excel can draw two-dimensional and three
dimensional column charts, pie charts and other types of charts.

Databases, Databases manage data. For example, once you enter data onto a worksheet, Excel
can sort the data, search for specific data, and select data that meets certain criteria.

Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in
which Excel starts.

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Excel and Data Base Management

Excel is not database package but has some special database features like sorting, filtering, and
data retrieval, which allows users to create and manage list. Hence, Excel is equipped to handle
and manipulate small databases. While creating a small database, two points must be noted:

a) The rows of data should be continuous to facilitate the manipulation of data. That is no blank
row even a column label and the first record in the database.

b) The names of the columns should be entered in a single cell and must be unique.

2.2 History
From its first version Excel supported end-user programming of macros (automation of
repetitive tasks) and user-defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in function library). In
early versions of Excel, these programs were written in a macro language whose statements
had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special-purpose macro sheets (stored with file
extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default macro language for Excel through Excel
4.0. Beginning with version 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0
XLM recording was still allowed as an option. After version 5.0 that option was
discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2021, are capable of running an XLM
macro, though Microsoft discourages their use.

2. 3 Functions

Excel 2016 has 484 functions. Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft classifies
these functions into 14 categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386 may be called from VBA
as methods of the object "WorksheetFunction" and 44 have the same names as VBA functions.

2.3.1 Macro programming

VBA programming

Use of a user-defined function sq(x) in Microsoft Excel. The named variables x & y are
identified in the Name Manager. The function sq is introduced using the Visual Basic editor
supplied with Excel.

The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for
Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with VBA allows
spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques.
Programmers may write code directly using the Visual Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a
window for writing code, debugging code, and code module organization environment. The
user can implement numerical methods as well as automating tasks such as formatting or data
organization in VBAand guide the calculation using any desired intermediate results reported
back to the spreadsheet.

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VBA was removed from Mac Excel 2008, as the developers did not believe that a timely release
would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X. VBA was restored in the next
version, Mac Excel 2011, although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some
high level developer tools.
A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder. The Macro
Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These
actions can then be repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros can also be linked
to different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a command button or a graphic. The actions
in the macro can be executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The
VBA code of the macro can also be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions
and screen prompt by their own properties, and some graphical display items, cannot be
recorded but must be entered into the VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced
users can employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as
sheets being loaded or changed.
Macro Recorded code may not be compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used in
Excel 2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and
making changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward compatible.
VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model, a vocabulary
identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading
and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for example, through custom
toolbars or command bars and message boxes). User-created VBA subroutines execute these
actions and operate like macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and
efficient.

2.3.2 Python programming

In 2023 Microsoft announced Excel would support the Python programming language directly.
As of January 2024, Python in Excel is available in the Microsoft 365 Insider Program.
Charts
Excel supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. It also
supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to be linked directly to a Pivot table. This allows
the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot Table. The generated graphic component can either be
embedded within the current sheet or added as a separate object.
These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For example, suppose
that the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user's
change in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the design change shape, and their
points of intersection shift, assisting the selection of the best design.

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Add-ins
Additional features are available using add-ins. Several are provided with Excel, including:
a. Analysis ToolPak: Provides data analysis tools for statistical and engineering analysis
(includes analysis of variance and regression analysis)
b. Analysis ToolPak VBA: VBA functions for Analysis ToolPackets
c. Euro Currency Tools: Conversion and formatting for euro currency
d. Solver Add-In: Tools for optimization and equation solving

2.3.3 Number of rows and columns

Versions of Excel up to 7.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214 = 16384)
rows. Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (216 = 65536) rows and 256 columns (28 as
label 'IV'). Version 12.0 onwards, including the current Version 16.x, can handle over 1M (220
= 1048576) rows, and 16384 (214, labeled as column 'XFD') columns.

2.3.4 File formats

Up until the 2007 version, Microsoft Excel used a proprietary binary file format called Excel
Binary File Format (.XLS) as its primary format.Excel 2007 uses Office Open XML as its
primary file format, an XML-based format that followed after a previous XML-based format
called "XML Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002.

Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements,
Excel 2007 remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats. In addition,
most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other legacy formats.
Support for some older file formats was removed in Excel 2007.[32] The file formats were
mainly from DOS-based programs.

Binary

OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format. Two epochs of the format
exist: the 97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format. Microsoft has made the Excel
binary format specification available to freely download.

2.3.5 XML Spreadsheet

The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002 is a simple, XML based format missing
some more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though the intended file extension
for this format is .xml, the program also correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This
feature is widely used by third-party applications (e.g. MySQL Query Browser) to offer "export
to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The following example will be
correctly opened by Excel if saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls:

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 CHAPTER III

IMPLEMENTATION AND INTEGRATION

3.1 MICROSOFT EXCEL FUNCTION

1. Statistical Function

Sum : calculates the sum in one range.

Average : calculates the average in a range.

Count : counts the amount of data in a range.

Max : calculates the largest value in a range.

Min: calculates the smallest value in a range.

2. Using the Date and Time Function

The Date and Time functions are used to do data processing in the form of date and
time. To see the usage of the date and time functions, you can use the following
formulas.

3. Date Function

=Date(Year,Month,Date) : input the date data type.

=Day(Date Data) : produces a date series number for the date data type.

=Month(Date Data) : generates the month series number for the date data type.

=Year(Date Data) : generates the year series number for the date data type.

=DateValue : converts a date data string to a date type.

4. Time Function

=Time(Hour,Minute,Second): input time data.

=Hours(Time Data): generates the hour series number of the time data type.

=Minute(Time Data): generates a minute series number of time data type.

=Second(Time Data): generates the serial number of seconds of time data type.

=TimeValue("Time"): converts the time data string to time data.

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 =Now( ): generates the serial number of the current date and time.

=Today( ): generates the serial number of the current date.

5. Text Function

Left : takes the number of leftmost characters in the text.

=Left(Text, number of takes from left)

Right : takes a number of rightmost characters in the text.

=Right(Text, Number of retrievals from right)

Mid : fetches a number of characters from a specific position.

=Mid(Text, Initial fetch position, Number of fetches)

Lower : converts the text to lowercase.

=Lower(Text)

Upper : converts text to uppercase.

=Upper(Text)

Proper : changes the first character to uppercase and the next character to lowercase.

=Proper(Text)

Value: converts text value to numeric value.

=Value(Text Value)

Text: converts a numeric value to a text value.

=Text(Numeric Value,Text Value)

Find: find the letter position of a text.

=Find(Criteria,Text,retrieval value)

6. Logic Expression or Statement

If you want to use a logical function, you usually need a logical expression or statement.
To use a logical expression or statement requires one of the relation operators
(comparison operators), among others:

= Equal to

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 < Smaller

> Greater

<= Smaller is equal to

>= Larger is equal to

<> Not equal to

7. Perform arithmetic operations using logical operations.

Logic operators can be written as follows:

=AND(logic 1, logic 2, ...)

This logical operator will be true if all conditions are met:

=OR(logic 1, logic 2,...)

This logical operation is true if one of the conditions is met:

=NOT(logic 1)

This operation will be executed if the condition is not met. This operation is the opposite
of AND and OR logical operations.

8. Table lookup function

There are 2 table reading functions (LOOKUP), VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP are used
if the table reading is arranged vertically, HLOOKUP is used if the table reading is
arranged horizontally.

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3.2 MICROSOFT EXCEL FORMULAS

Formulas are the most important part of this excel program, because every table of the
document to be typed is always related to formulas and functions. Microsoft excel is indeed
very favored in accommodating numeric data. Because of that, there are basic math operators
in MS Excel and these are usually called standard formulas. The math operators that will often
be used in MICROSOFT EXCEL formulas are as follows:

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 CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

4.1 Conslusion

Microsoft Excel or Microsoft Office Excel is a spreadsheet application program

created and distributed by Microsoft Corporation for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS
operating systems. Microsoft is the most important Microsoft when working with
calculations. Because it can make work easier and make work done faster.

a. Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets
b. Excel became the first spreadsheet to allow the user to define the appearance of
spreadsheets.
c. It also introduced intelligent cell recomputation, where only cells dependent on the
cell being modified are updated
d. Excel introduced many important features. •Excel also introduced extensive graphing
capabilities

4.2 Advice

As a worker when doing work it is better if you use Microsoft excel because it will be
more helpful and easier to complete work related to mathematics because as we know the
calculations in the Microsoft Excel program are very many and our calculations are very
complicated and long we can complete them using the programs in Microsoft Excel.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258339298_MICROSOFT_EXCEL

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334726110_INTRODUCTION_TO_MICROSOFT
_EXCEL

Shenia. A . Irwan Rouf ,dkk. “MICROSOFT EXCEL STUDY BOOK”. 2011.

Mediakita:Jakarta.

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