PUNE INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

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HUMAN RIGHTS – ASSIGNMENT

SEMESTER I

BATCH 2023-2025

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Contents
Human Rights: A Fundamental Concept..................................................................................................3
Historical Consideration...........................................................................................................................3
Human Rights and Their Importance in Modern Society ........................................................................4
Addressing Current Human Rights Issues ................................................................................................4
Individual accountability ..........................................................................................................................4
Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ...........................................................................5
The Importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .............................................................6
Global Human Rights Issues of the Present .............................................................................................6
Current Human Rights Concerns .............................................................................................................6
Exemplifications of Human Rights Violations in Various Regions ...........................................................7
The Role of Governments, International Organizations, and Non-Governmental Organizations ..........7
Gender equality and women's rights.......................................................................................................7
Refugee and Migrant Rights ....................................................................................................................8
The Role of International Organizations in Protecting Refugee and Migrant Rights ..............................9
Freedom of Expression: A Human Rights Foundation .............................................................................9
The Importance of Free Expression .........................................................................................................9
Contemporary Threats to Free Expression ............................................................................................10
Recommendations to Protect Freedom of Expression..........................................................................10
Ensuring the Preservation of Human Rights via Environmental Management .....................................11
Analyzing Companies' Contribution to Protecting Human Rights .........................................................11
Examples of Companies That Have Violated Human Rights .................................................................12
The Importance of Corporate Accountability ........................................................................................12
Summary: ...............................................................................................................................................12

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Human Rights: A Fundamental Concept
Human rights are fundamental rights and liberties that every person in the world has from birth to
death. They are applicable regardless of where you are from, what you believe, or how you live your
life. Human rights are about being treated with dignity and respect. They are about having the ability
to make your own decisions and participate in society.

Historical Consideration
Over time, as various cultures and societies have developed their own conceptions of what constitutes
basic human dignity and entitlement, the concept of human rights has changed. Nonetheless, certain
recurring themes emerge throughout history, indicating an increasing acknowledgement of the
intrinsic value and rights of every person.
Historical Civilizations
Modern human rights concepts have their roots in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and
Greece. An ancient set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi, which dates to 1750 BC,
safeguarded people's rights to life, property, and due process. Similarly, the Egyptian Book of the
Dead suggested a belief in intrinsic human justice and fairness by emphasizing the value of these
concepts in the hereafter.
Rome and Greece in antiquity
The development of human rights concepts was greatly aided by the contributions of ancient Greece
and Rome. Natural law and individual rights were studied by Greek philosophers such as Socrates,
Plato, and Aristotle, and Roman law provided a framework for rights and protections.
Europe in the Middle Ages
Individual rights were less prioritized during the Middle Ages in favor of social hierarchies and
religious authority. The Magna Carta, which was signed in England in 1215, however, was a turning
point because it recognized certain fundamental rights for citizens and placed restrictions on royal
power.
The Age of Enlightenment
The 17th and 18th centuries' Enlightenment brought rationality, individual liberty, and natural rights
back into focus. Thomas Jefferson, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke were among the
philosophers who promoted the inherent right to life, liberty, and property.
The French and American Revolutions
Enlightenment principles served as the impetus for both the American and French Revolutions, which
led to the adoption of constitutions that affirmed basic human rights. Famously, the United States
adopted the Declaration of Independence in 1776, which stated that "all men are created equal, that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty,
and the pursuit of Happiness."

The Abolitionist Movement

Slavery was opposed by the abolitionist movement of the 19th century because it was believed to be a
violation of fundamental human rights. After being ratified in 1865, the 13th Amendment to the US

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Constitution outlawed slavery and forced labor, which was a major step toward the recognition of
human rights by all people.
The Human Rights Declaration
The United Nations General Assembly's 1948 adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
marked the pinnacle of attempts to codify the fundamentals of human rights. This historic declaration
outlined a comprehensive list of fundamental liberties and rights that should be upheld for every
person, regardless of color, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion, or any other status.
International Human Rights Law
The international community has created a body of human rights law, including treaties and
conventions, since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with the goal of
advancing and defending human rights globally. These instruments have aided in the development of
global human rights standards as well as procedures for accountability and redress.
Human Rights in the Present
Since people and groups all over the world are subjected to prejudice, persecution, and violations of
their fundamental rights, the fight for human rights never ends. Even though acknowledging and
defending human rights has advanced significantly, there are still obstacles to overcome before these
rights can be fully utilized by everyone.

Human Rights and Their Importance in Modern Society

In today's world, human rights are more important than ever. As globalization and technological
change accelerate, we face new and complex human rights challenges. Among these difficulties are:
Inequality is increasing: The gap between the rich and the poor is widening in many parts of the
world. Many people are being denied their human rights as a result of this inequality.
Conflict escalation: Conflicts all over the world are resulting in widespread human rights violations,
such as displacement, torture, and death.
The emergence of new technologies: Artificial intelligence and big data, for example, have the
potential to both protect and violate human rights.

Addressing Current Human Rights Issues

The international community is working to address current human rights issues. The UN has a number
of bodies and mechanisms devoted to promoting and protecting human rights. The Human Rights
Council, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, and the Special Rapporteur on the
right to free expression are among them.
There are also numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) dedicated to the protection of
human rights. These non-governmental organizations (NGOs) speak for the voiceless and work to
hold governments accountable for their actions.

Individual accountability
Everyone can contribute to the protection of human rights. We can accomplish this by:
Human rights education: The more we learn about human rights, the better equipped we will be to
defend them.
Speak out against injustice: We must never be afraid to speak out against human rights violations.

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Human rights organizations can be helped by donating money, volunteering our time, or simply
spreading the word about their work.
Human rights protection is a lifelong commitment. It is something that requires all of us to work
together to achieve.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the United Nations General
Assembly in 1948, is regarded as a watershed moment in human rights history. It is widely regarded
as the bedrock of international human rights law, establishing a common standard for the protection of
fundamental human rights and liberties. The significance of the UDHR lies in its comprehensive
articulation of these rights, universal applicability, and long-term impact on global human rights
advocacy.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is based on several key principles that underpin the
concept of human rights:
Every individual is inherently dignified and worthy of respect, regardless of race, gender, nationality,
ethnicity, religion, language, or any other status.
Equality: All individuals have equal rights and freedoms, with no form of discrimination.
Human rights are universal, and they apply to everyone, everywhere.
Human rights are inalienable, which means they cannot be taken away or surrendered.
Human rights are interconnected and indivisible, which means that the fulfillment of one right is
required for the fulfillment of others.

Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights enumerates a wide range of human rights, including
civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. Among the key articles are:
Article 1: Everyone is born free and equal in dignity and rights. They have reason and conscience and
should act in a brotherly manner toward one another.
Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all of the rights and freedoms enshrined in this Declaration,
regardless of race, color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth, or other status.
Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and personal security.
Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade in all their forms are
prohibited.
Article 5 states that no one shall be tortured or subjected to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or
punishment.
Article 6: Everyone has the right to be recognized as a person in the eyes of the law.
Article 7: Everyone is equal before the law and is entitled to equal legal protection without
discrimination. Everyone has the right to equal protection against any discrimination that violates this
Declaration, as well as any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy through competent national tribunals for acts
that violate fundamental rights guaranteed to him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9: No one shall be arbitrarily arrested, detained, or exiled.

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Article 10: Everyone has the right, in full equality, to a fair and public hearing before an independent
and impartial tribunal to determine his rights and obligations, as well as any criminal charge brought
against him.

The Importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The importance of the UDHR stems from its profound impact on the global human rights landscape:
A Universal Framework for Understanding and Protecting Human Rights: It established a universal
framework for understanding and protecting these fundamental rights.
It affirmed the universality of human rights, recognizing that these rights belong to all people,
regardless of their location or circumstances.
It served as the foundation for numerous international human rights treaties and conventions, forming
the heart of international human rights law.
It provided a powerful tool for human rights activists and organizations to advocate for the protection
and promotion of human rights around the world.
Enduring Legacy: It is still regarded as a cornerstone of the global human rights movement, inspiring
and guiding efforts to protect and uphold human dignity for all.

Global Human Rights Issues of the Present

The world is dealing with a slew of pressing human rights issues, from widespread poverty and
inequality to discrimination and violence against various groups. These issues are frequently
intertwined and stem from complex historical, social, and political factors. Despite significant
progress in human rights enforcement in recent decades, many individuals and communities continue
to face violations of their fundamental rights.

Current Human Rights Concerns

Poverty and Inequality: With over 700 million people living in extreme poverty worldwide, poverty
remains a major human rights concern. This deprivation restricts access to essential resources like
food, water, sanitation, and healthcare, making it difficult for people to live dignified lives.
Discrimination and Violence: Gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and disability
discrimination persists in many societies. Discrimination manifests itself frequently in unequal access
to education, employment, housing, and political participation. It can lead to violence, including hate
crimes, in extreme cases.
Armed conflicts and political instability continue to displace millions of people around the world,
leaving them vulnerable to human rights violations. Access to basic necessities is difficult for refugees
and internally displaced people.
Children's Rights: Children's rights are frequently violated in a variety of ways, including child labor,
human trafficking, sexual exploitation, and exposure to armed conflict. These violations deprive
children of education, safety, and development opportunities.
Environmental Rights: Environmental degradation and climate change pose significant threats to
human rights, particularly for marginalized communities that are disproportionately affected by
pollution, resource scarcity, and natural disasters.

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Exemplifications of Human Rights Violations in Various Regions
Asia: In China's Xinjiang province, the Uyghur Muslim minority faces arbitrary detention, forced
labor, and cultural repression. The Rohingya minority in Myanmar has been subjected to mass
killings, rape, and forced displacement.
Africa: The Tigray conflict in Ethiopia has resulted in widespread human rights violations such as
extrajudicial killings, mass displacement, and sexual violence. Armed groups continue to commit
violence against civilians in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including rape and child soldiers.
Middle East: The ongoing conflict in Syria has resulted in a humanitarian crisis, with millions
displaced and facing severe deprivation. The Saudi-led coalition's airstrikes in Yemen have resulted in
widespread civilian casualties and contributed to famine.
Europe: The government's crackdown on dissent in Russia has resulted in arbitrary arrests, restrictions
on free expression, and persecution of journalists and opposition activists. The Lukashenko regime in
Belarus has suppressed protests and committed human rights violations against pro-democracy
activists.
Americas: Indigenous peoples in Brazil face land grabs, violence, and intimidation at the hands of
agribusiness and mining interests. Venezuela's authoritarian government has resulted in human rights
violations such as arbitrary detentions, torture, and extrajudicial killings.

The Role of Governments, International Organizations, and Non-

Governmental Organizations
To address today's human rights challenges, governments, international organizations, and non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) must work together in a multifaceted approach.
Governments: It is the primary responsibility of governments to protect human rights within their
borders. Enacting and enforcing laws that protect individual rights, ensuring access to justice, and
promoting inclusive and equitable policies are all part of this.
International organizations, such as the United Nations, play an important role in setting human rights
standards, monitoring violations, and assisting governments and civil society in addressing human
rights challenges.
NGOs: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in advocating for human
rights, documenting violations, assisting victims, and mobilizing public support for human rights
causes.
Collaboration among these stakeholders is critical for strengthening human rights protections,
promoting accountability for violations, and empowering individuals and communities to assert their
rights.

Gender equality and women's rights

Gender equality and women`s rights are basic human rights, but they continue to elude many women
around the world. Despite significant advancements in recent decades, gender-based violence,
discrimination, and a lack of access to education and healthcare continue to obstruct women's full
participation in society.
Gender-based violence is a widespread issue that affects women of all ages, backgrounds, and
socioeconomic statuses. One in every three women in the world has experienced physical or sexual
violence, most often at the hands of an intimate partner. Women's physical and mental health, social

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and economic well-being, and ability to live safe and fulfilling lives can all suffer as a result of
gender-based violence.
Women face discrimination in a variety of ways, including unequal pay for equal work, limited access
to leadership positions, and harmful gender stereotypes. Women are frequently underrepresented in
decision-making processes, and their voices are frequently silenced. This lack of representation and
participation perpetuates gender inequality and harmful gender norms.
Women's empowerment and well-being require access to education and healthcare. Women and girls,
on the other hand, continue to face barriers to quality education and healthcare. Millions of girls are
denied the right to attend school, and women are frequently denied access to affordable and high-
quality healthcare. This lack of access feeds poverty cycles and limits women's ability to reach their
full potential.
Addressing these issues will necessitate a multifaceted approach involving governments, civil society
organizations, and individuals. Governments must enact and enforce laws that protect women's rights,
invest in women's and girls' education and healthcare, and promote gender equality in all aspects of
society. Civil society organizations play an important role in raising gender awareness, advocating for
policy changes, and assisting women and girls. Individuals can help by questioning gender
stereotypes, donating to women's rights organizations, and speaking out against gender-based
violence and discrimination.
Gender equality and women's rights are not only moral imperatives; they are also a practical
requirement for a more just, peaceful, and prosperous world. Women's empowerment benefits their
communities, families, and societies. By investing in women and girls, we invest in a more equitable
and sustainable future for all.

Refugee and Migrant Rights

Individuals who have been forced to flee their homes due to a variety of factors such as conflict,
persecution, natural disasters, and economic hardship are classified as refugees and migrants. They
have the same fundamental human rights as everyone else, including the right to life, liberty, and
personal security; the right to be free from torture and ill-treatment; the right to move freely; and the
right to seek and enjoy asylum from persecution.
These rights are guaranteed by several international treaties, including the 1951 Refugee Convention
and its 1967 Protocol, the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the 1966 International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Displaced people face a variety of challenges, including:
Physical security: Refugees and migrants are frequently subjected to violence, exploitation, and abuse.
They may also be denied access to basic necessities like food, water, and shelter
Psychological well-being: As a result of their displacement, refugees and migrants may experience
trauma, depression, and anxiety. They may also face prejudice and social exclusion.
Economic hardship: Refugees and migrants frequently struggle to find work and gain access to
education and healthcare. They may also face discrimination in the workplace.
Legal status: Refugees and migrants may struggle to obtain legal status in the country to which they
have fled. This can make it difficult for them to obtain fundamental rights and services.

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The Role of International Organizations in Protecting Refugee and
Migrant Rights
International organizations are critical in protecting the rights of refugees and migrants. Among the
most important international organizations involved in this work are:
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees): The UNHCR is the primary UN agency
in charge of protecting refugees. It assists refugees with a variety of services, including asylum
claims, resettlement, and integration.
IOM: International Organization for Migration The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is
the world's leading intergovernmental organization in the field of migration. It works to promote
humane treatment.
The International Labour Organization (ILO): The ILO promotes decent work for all people,
including migrant workers. It has a number of conventions and recommendations that protect migrant
workers' rights.
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund): UNICEF works to protect the rights of all children,
including those of refugees and migrants. It offers a variety of services to children, including
education, healthcare, and violence prevention.
Aside from these international organizations, a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
work to protect the rights of refugees and migrants. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an
important role in both providing direct assistance to refugees and migrants and advocating for their
rights.
Overall, Refugees and migrants are a vulnerable population who face a variety of challenges
International organizations play a critical role in protecting refugees' and migrants' rights and
providing them with the assistance they require to rebuild their lives.

Freedom of Expression: A Human Rights Foundation

Freedom of expression, as enshrined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a
cornerstone of human rights, allowing individuals to freely express their thoughts, opinions, and
beliefs without fear of retaliation. This fundamental right is critical in fostering open societies,
nurturing creativity, and protecting democratic principles.

The Importance of Free Expression

Promoting Democracy and Accountability: Citizens' freedom of expression allows them to express
their views on government policies, hold officials accountable, and advocate for change. It promotes a
lively public discourse, which is necessary for a democratic society to function.
Dissent and Minority Voices are Safeguarded: In a diverse world, freedom of expression protects
individuals' rights to express dissenting views and represent minority perspectives, fostering a more
inclusive and equitable society.
Fostering Creativity and Innovation: Freedom of expression fosters artistic expression, intellectual
exploration, and the exchange of ideas, which drives innovation and cultural advancement.
Improving Truth-Seeking and Knowledge-Share: Individuals can access diverse perspectives,
challenge dominant narratives, and challenge the free flow of information, which is facilitated by
freedom of expression.

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Contemporary Threats to Free Expression
Censorship and Surveillance: Censorship and surveillance techniques are increasingly being used by
governments and private entities to control online content, limiting access to information and stifling
dissent.
The spread of hate speech, misinformation, and disinformation has been facilitated by the
proliferation of online platforms, posing a threat to social cohesion and democratic values.
Balancing the Right to Free Expression with the Need to Protect Individuals and Society from
Harmful Content: Balancing the right to free expression with the need to protect individuals and
society from harmful content, such as incitement to violence or hate speech, remains a complex and
evolving challenge.
Access to Technology and the Digital Divide: The digital divide, in which certain groups lack access
to technology and online platforms, limits their ability to participate in the digital sphere and exercise
their right to free expression.

Recommendations to Protect Freedom of Expression

Promoting Free Expression and Independent Journalism: Support independent media outlets and
journalists who play an important role in holding governments accountable and providing diverse
perspectives.
Improving Digital Literacy and Media Education: Empower people to evaluate online information
critically, recognize biases, and navigate the digital landscape responsibly.
Encourage open dialogue, mutual respect, and a willingness to engage with diverse viewpoints,
including those considered controversial.
Protecting Privacy and Data Rights: Put in place strong data protection frameworks to protect
individuals' privacy.
Collaboration Among Stakeholders: Encourage collaboration among governments, technology
companies, civil society organizations, and academia in order to develop effective strategies for
protecting free expression in the digital age.
Though not without challenges, freedom of expression is a fundamental human right that must be
vigorously defended. Societies can safeguard this vital right and harness its power to promote open,
democratic, and inclusive communities by addressing contemporary issues and taking proactive
measures.
The Inseparable Link between Human Rights and the Environment Human rights and the environment
are fundamentally intertwined, forming an intricate web that shapes the well-being and prosperity of
individuals and communities across the globe. A healthy environment is not merely a backdrop for
human existence; it is an indispensable prerequisite for the enjoyment of fundamental human rights.
1.Right to Health: Environmental degradation directly affects this right. Air and water pollution
contributes to respiratory illnesses, waterborne diseases, and other health problems. Exposure to
hazardous substances, such as pesticides and industrial toxins, can lead to chronic health conditions
and even premature death. Environmental degradation, therefore, poses a significant threat to the
fulfillment of human rights. Pollution, deforestation, climate change, and other environmental issues
have far-reaching consequences that jeopardize the basic rights of individuals and communities.

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2. Sanitation and Water Rights: It is necessary for human survival and dignity to have access to clean
water. The right to water and sanitation is threatened by environmental degradation, which frequently
results in contamination, a lack of water, and poor sanitation infrastructure.

3. The Security of Food Right: The right to food security is threatened by environmental degradation,
which interferes with agricultural productivity. Crop failures, food shortages, and malnutrition can
result from climate change, soil degradation, and water scarcity.
4.The right to a salubrious atmosphere: Living in an environment that does not endanger human
health or well-being is included in the right to a healthy environment. Degradation of the environment
puts people at risk of pollution, contamination, and other environmental hazards, undermining their
right.

5. The Right to Autonomy: The right to self-determination may also be impacted by environmental
degradation, especially for marginalized and Indigenous communities. Their way of life may be
disrupted, and their capacity to exercise their cultural rights may be restricted, if traditional lands,
resources, and cultural sites are destroyed.

Ensuring the Preservation of Human Rights via Environmental

Management
Preserving the environment is necessary for upholding human rights. We can ensure a more just and
equitable world and advance the realization of fundamental rights by tackling environmental
challenges.
1. Policies and Rules Regarding the Environment: Governments are essential in creating and
implementing environmental laws and policies that safeguard the quality of the air and water, stop
deforestation, and advance sustainable development methods.

2. Awareness and Education about the Environment: Promoting sustainable practices and
environmental protection requires arming people and communities with environmental knowledge
and awareness.

3. Global Partnership and Cooperation: Global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss
necessitate international cooperation and collaboration in order to address environmental challenges
that cut across national boundaries.
We can work toward a future where environmental protection is not just an environmental concern but
a fundamental component of protecting human rights by acknowledging the inherent link between
human rights and the environment.

Analyzing Companies' Contribution to Protecting Human Rights

In the modern, globalized world, corporations have a big say in how people live and how
communities are shaped globally. Their business practices, goods, and services have significant
effects on human rights that cut across social, cultural, and economic spheres. Companies are

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increasingly realizing that, in addition to their primary duty to maximize profits for their shareholders,
they also have a moral and ethical duty to protect human rights norms.
A framework for comprehending the corporate obligation to uphold human rights is provided by the
United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). Three major pillars are
outlined by the UNGPs:
The Protect Pillar: It is the duty of governments to guard against violations of human rights by outside
parties, including corporations.
The Respect Pillar states that all human rights, whether or not they are protected by national law, must
be respected by businesses.
The Remedy Pillar: It is the duty of all parties involved to give victims of violations of human rights
access to efficient remedies.

Examples of Companies That Have Violated Human Rights

Even though corporate responsibility for human rights is becoming more widely acknowledged, there
are still many cases where businesses have been found to have violated human rights. These
infractions may be in the following forms:
Labor rights violations: Commonly, corporations are linked to forced labor, child labor, hazardous
working conditions, and unduly long work hours.
Environmental rights violations: Corporate actions can be connected to environmental rights
violations such as resource exploitation, pollution, and deforestation.
Human rights violations in conflict areas: Businesses present in these areas may be involved in
violations of human rights, like the exploitation of natural resources or the use of forced labor.

The Importance of Corporate Accountability

When corporations engage in human rights violations, it is crucial to hold them accountable for their
actions. This accountability can take various forms, including:
Legal accountability: Governments can enforce laws and regulations to prevent and punish corporate
human rights abuses.
Regulatory accountability: Regulatory bodies can establish and enforce standards for corporate
conduct, including human rights due diligence.
Market accountability: Consumers, investors, and civil society organizations can use their power to
pressure companies to uphold human rights standards.
Multi-stakeholder accountability: Initiatives such as the Ruggie Principles provide a framework for
collaborative action among governments, businesses, and civil society to address corporate human
rights abuses.

Summary:
Human rights are essential liberties and rights that all people worldwide are entitled to, from the
moment of their birth until their death. They hold true regardless of your origins, your beliefs, or the
way you decide to live.
The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights

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A document known as the UDHR outlines the fundamental liberties and rights to which every
individual is entitled. It has been translated into more than 500 languages since the United Nations
General Assembly approved it in 1948.
Current Issues with Human Rights
The world is currently facing numerous challenges related to human rights, such as:
Poverty: One of the biggest barriers to exercising one's human rights is poverty. Poor people
frequently lack access to healthcare, education, and other necessities.
Discrimination: A major threat to human rights is discrimination based on race, gender, sexual
orientation, religion, or other characteristics. Violence, marginalization, and exclusion are possible
outcomes.
Conflict: One of the main reasons why human rights are violated is armed conflict. It may result in
property loss, injury, relocation, and death.
Women's Rights and Gender Equity
Women and men have the same rights, opportunities, and responsibilities when it comes to gender
equality. A subset of human rights, women's rights are concentrated on the particular needs and rights
of women.
Rights of Refugees and Migrants
People who have fled their homes due to violence, persecution, or war are known as refugees. People
who relocate abroad in an effort to better their lives are known as migrants. Migrants and refugees
both have the right to be treated with honor and decency.
The right to free speech
The freedom to voice one's ideas and opinions without worrying about repercussions is known as
freedom of expression. It is a basic human right that democracy and the rule of law depend on.
Rights Regarding the Environment
Everyone has the right to a sustainable and healthy environment. This is known as their environmental
right. They are necessary for maintaining human health and welfare.
Human rights and corporate social responsibility (CSR)
It is imperative for corporations to uphold human rights in their business dealings. This implies that
they must refrain from engaging in actions that violate human rights and take precautions to avoid or
lessen any unfavorable effects that their actions may have on those rights.
But we must never give up the struggle to create a society in which every person is able to exercise
their full range of human rights. The fight for human rights never ends. There will constantly be fresh
obstacles to overcome.

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