Taller de Inglés Juan

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO AGROEMPRESARIAL
TITULO DEL TRABAJO: LEVES A0 INGLÉS
NOMBRE: JUAN ERNESTO GARAVITO PADILLA
TÉCNICO: LABORAL EN SEURIDAD Y SALUD EN

EL TRABAJO
DOCENTE: SARA PERILLA
ZARZAL VALLE DEL CAUCA

PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO
2021
PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO
OMAR GUALTEROS VILLARREAL

Director Instituto Politécnico Agroindustrial
MARIA ALEJANDRA GUALTEROS ALVARADO

Directora programa de bilingüismo
OLGA LUCIA ALVARADO OLARTE

Asesora administrativa
GERARDO MARTIN ALVARADO OLARTE

Coordinador programa bilingüismo
LINA PAOLA RODRIGUEZ

Docente Asesora Académica Bilingüe
REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA
2021
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UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Self-study reference and practice.
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Contenido
Greetings ...........................................................................................................................7
The English Alphabet ........................................................................................................10
Member of de Family ............................................................................................... 11
Numbers ..........................................................................................................................12
Days of the Week .................................................................................................... 13
Months of the Year .................................................................................................. 14
Colours ............................................................................................................................15
Common words ....................................................................................................... 16
Places ..................................................................................................................... 17
Professions/Occupations ...................................................................................................19
Adjectives ............................................................................................................... 21
Personal Pronouns (subject and object) and Possessive Adjectives .............................. 23
Simple Present with “Be” ................................................................................................................... 25
The indefinite article. a / an ...............................................................................27
The definite article The .....................................................................................................28
Countries and Nationalities ....................................................................................... 29
Demonstrative Adjectives......................................................................................... 31
Fruits ............................................................................................................................... 33
Vegetables .............................................................................................................. 35
Nouns ..............................................................................................................................37
Countable and Uncountable Nouns ..................................................................... 38
There is and there are ......................................................................................................39
Wh Questions ...................................................................................................................41
Prepositions of place ................................................................................................ 42
Body Parts .......................................................................................................................44
Prepositions of time ..........................................................................................................46
Present continuous tense ......................................................................................... 48
How to change infinitive verbs to gerund verbs .......................................................... 49
4
Present simple tense vs present continuous tense..............................................................51
Simple present with other verbs ........................................................................................52
Food/ Meals ............................................................................................................ 54
Sea food ..........................................................................................................54
Drinks and Beverages .............................................................................................. 55
Animals ............................................................................................................................55
Insects and reptiles ......................................................................................................... 55
Mammals ................................................................................................................ 56
Fish and sea animals ................................................................................................ 56
Regular verbs ...................................................................................................................57
Irregular Verbs ................................................................................................................ 60
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LEVEL
A0
6
Greetings
Formal Introductions Long-time not Formal

Greeting First time Responses seeing someone or Closings
don’t see every day.
Good morning -How do you do? -I’m doing -How have you -It’s been a
been doing? pleasure,
-My name is ….. well. I’m goodbye.
Mrs/Mss/Mr… Mrs/Mss/Mr… -How have you -Thanks for your
been? time. Goodbye
-How do you so? -How do you do?
I’m Mrs/Mss/Mr ... I’m Mrs/Mss/Mr..
Good May I introduce -Pleased to -What a pleasant -Nice to have

afternoon Mrs/Mss/Mr … meet you… surprise met you.
Goodbye.
Good Evening -Nice to
meet you
Long-time notseeing
Informal someone or don’t Informal closings
Greetings Introductions Responses see every day.
Hello -My name is… -My name is.. -Good to seeyou. . -I have to go now, bye
What’s your name? -It’s great to see you.
- Nice to see you.
Hey Long-time, nosee. -I’ll see you later, bye
-I’m … -I’m … It’s been a while.
What’s your name? When was thelast time -I’ll see you around,
we saw each bye.
other?
Hi -I’d like to introduce -it’s nice to How have youbeen? -It was nice to meet
… meet you. How have you
things been going?
7
Long-time not
Slang Greetings Slang Responses Introductions Responses seeing someone
or don’t see every
day.
Hi -Hey Buddy - This is … - Hi … Long-time, no see
Hey there -Hey there - He is… - Hey …
Hey man -Hey man - She is …
What’s up? -Nothing. you? It’s been ages

What’s new? -not much.
What’s going -Hey, what’s new
on? with you?
-Oh, you know,
same old, same
old.
How’s -Good. you? Where have you
everything? -Not bad been hiding?
How are things?
How is life?
Exercise 1: complete the following dialog:
S1: Hello, my name is Luisa. What about you?
S2: Hi Luisa. I’m [Name]. How are you?
S1: I’m good, thanks. And you?
S2: I'm good, nice to meet you.
S1: Likewise, I gotta go.

S2: See you later.
8
Exercise 2: Write two different dialogs between two or three people using formal and
formal greetings:
Dialog 1: Formal Greetings
Participants: Mr. Johnson (J), Mrs. JUAN ERNESTO (R), and Miss
Williams (W)J: Good morning, Mrs. JUAN ERNESTO. I trust you had a
pleasant weekend?
R: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. Yes, thank you. I hope the same for you. And hello, Miss Williams.
W: Good morning, Mrs. JUAN ERNESTO. Good morning, Mr. Johnson. I had a restful weekend as
well.
J: That's wonderful to hear. Now, let's proceed with today's agenda. Mrs. JUAN ERNESTO, would you like to start?
R: Certainly, Mr. Johnson. Before we delve into the agenda, may I express my appreciation for the progress made on the
latest project? Your team has done an exceptional job.
J: Thank you, Mrs. JUAN ERNESTO. I'm glad to hear that. We value the collaborative effort. Miss Williams, any
updates fromyour department?
W: Yes, Mr. Johnson. We are currently finalizing the budget report, and I anticipate having it ready for your review by the
end of the week.
J: Excellent. I look forward to reviewing it. Now, let's proceed with the agenda items.
Dialog 2: Informal Greetings
Participants: Alex (A), Emily (E), and Chris (C)
A: Hey Emily! How's it going?
E: Hey Alex! I'm doing great, thanks. Chris, how about you?
C: Hi guys! I'm good, just a bit tired from the weekend. How about you two?
A: Same here, Chris. Weekends always seem to fly by, don't they?
E: Totally agree. So, any exciting plans for the week, Alex?
A: Not much, just the usual work grind. How about you, Chris?
C: Well, got a couple of meetings lined up, but nothing too crazy. By the way, nice shirt, Alex.
A: Thanks, Chris! Emily, did you manage to catch up on that new series everyone's talking about?
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E: Oh, not yet! I've been meaning to, though. Maybe this weekend.
A: Sounds like a plan. Alright, let's get this meeting started|. What's on the agenda today?
10
C: Same old, same old. But hey, let's make it quick so we can grab some coffee after.
E: Agreed! Let's dive in.
Exercise 3: Work with a classmate or friend and make a small dialog to practice
different greetings.
Hello Hi.
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The English Alphabet.
The Alphabet is a system of writing in which each symbol ideally represents one
sound unit in thespoken language.
Exercise 1: Write the lower case (or small) letter of each letter of the alphabet into
the box below:Upper case (or capital) letters:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Pronunciation of each letter of the alphabet into the box below:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
/ei/ /bi/ /si/ /di/ /i/ /ef/ /yi/ /eich/ /ai/ /yei/ /kei/ /el/ /em/
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
/en/ /ou/ /pi/ /kiú/ /ar/ /es/ /ti/ /iú/ /vi/ /dábliu/ /eks/ /uái/ /zed/
Exercise 2:
Spell your first name: Es/e/be/a/ese/te/i/a/ene
Spell the name of your street: ce/a/erre/erre/e/erre/a
Spell your teacher’s name: ese/a/erre/a/pe/e/erre/i/ele/ele/a
Spell your surname: a/eme/a/erre/i/ele/e/ese
Spell the name of your city: eme/e/de/e/ele/ele/i/ene
Spell your nationality: ce/o/ele/o/eme/be/i/a

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Spell your father’s occupation: a/ele/be/a/eñe/i/ele
Spell your mother’s favourite colour: a/zeta/u/ele
Spell your favourite sport: efe/u/te/be/o/ele
Spell your favourite subject: a/eme/o/erre
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Member of de Family. an individual formingpart of a family.
Exercise 1: write the translation of each member of the family into de box below
MEMBER PRONUNCIATION
SPANISH
Grandmother /grándmáÐer/
- Abuela
Grandfather /grándfáÐer/
- Abuelo
Grandson /Gránsón/
- Nieto
Granddaughter /grándoter/ - Nieta
Mother /máÐer/ - Madre
Father /fáÐer/ - Padre
Uncle /ánkol/ - Tío
Aunt /ant/ - Tía
Brother /bróÐer/ - Hermano
Sister /síster/ - Hermana
Cousin /cósin/ - Primo/Prima
Nephew /nèfiu/ - Sobrino
Niece /níis/ - Sobrina
Daughter /dóter/ - Hija
Son /són/ - Hijo
Husband /jásband/ - Esposo
Wife /wáif/ - Esposa
Father-in-law /faÐer-in-loo/ - Suegro
Mother-in-law /móÐer-in-loo/ - Suegra
- Cuñada
Sister-in-law /sister-in-loo/ - Cuñado
Brother-in-law /bróÐer-in-loo/
Exercise 2: Write in your notebook about your family.
Examples: My mother’s name is Ana
Exercise 3: Practice with your friends asking them about their family.
Example:
Question: who is your mother?
Answer: My mother is …
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Numbers A number is a mathematical unit used to count or express an amount, quantity
Exercise 1: Write in English the following numbers.
NUMBER
Exercise 2:
SPANISH
Ask your friends and write down
about their age, their lucky number
and their phone number.
UNO
Examples:
DOS
TRES Question:
CUATRO How old are you?
CINCO Answer:
I am thirty years old.
1
SEIS
2 SIETE Question:
3 OCHO what is your lucky number?
NUEVE Answer:
4
DIEZ my lucky number is twelve.
5
6 ONCE Question:
7 DOCE What is your phone number?
8 TRECE Answer:
CATORCE my phone number is 320 240 2311
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10 QUINCE
11 DIECISEIS _
12 DIECISIETE
13 DIECIOCHO
14 DIECINUEVE
15 VEINTE
16 CUARENTA
17 CINCUENTA
18
19
20
30
40
50
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Days of the Week.
Exercise 1: write in Spanish each day of
theweek
Nam es of a division, or period of 24 ho urs.
DAY OF THE PRONUNCIATION SPANISH Write in English and in the correct
Spanish
WEEK order the days of the week.
Sunday / Sándey / Domingo
Lunes 1. Sunday
Tuesday /tchúsdei / Martes 2. Monday
Monday / Mándei / Miércoles 3. Tuesday
Jueves 4. Wednesday
Friday / fráidei / Viernes
5. Thursday
Wednesday / wènsdei / Sábado
6. Friday
Thursday / Ðèrsdei / 7. Saturday
Saturday / sátudei /
Exercise 2: Fill in each blank with

the correct day of the week.
thutsday saturday
Answer the questions:
tuesday thursday
what is your favourite day of
the week?
satueday monday
friday saturday
How do you spell FRIDAY?
monday wednesday
wednesday friday
What is your mother’s favourite
day of the week?
saturday tuesday
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MONTH PRONUNCIATION SPANISH
SPANISH
January /yanuari/
Months of the Year. Enero
February /fèbruari/
March /march/ Febrero
Names of the 12 parts, into Marzo
which thecalendar year is April /èiprol/
Abril
divided. May /mèi/ Mayo
June /yúun/ Junio
Exercise 1: write the translation of Julio
July /yulai/
eachmonth of the year into the Agosto
box below. August /ógest/
Septiembre
September /septèmber/ Octubre
October /octóuber/ Noviembre
November /novèmber/ Diciembre
December /disèmber/
Exercise1: When were these people born? Complete the sentences with the correct
month.
october
janary
december
february
september
may
june
august
april
march
july
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Colours
Colour is an adjective and a
quality of anobject.
Exercise1: Read and color.
Sunday yellow
Monday green
Tuesday brown
Wednesday purple
Thursday light green
Friday blue
Saturday orange
Exercise 2: Asking About Favorite Color

Question: What is your favourite colour?
Answer:My favourite colour is...
Exercise 3: Asking Questions About Different Things and Colors
Question: What colour is your house?
Answer: My house is...
Question: What colour is your pen?
Answer: My pen is...
Additional Examples:
1. Question: What colour is your car?
Answer: My car is...
2. Question: What colour is your phone?
Answer: My phone is...
3. Question: What colour is your backpack?
Answer: My backpack is...
4. Question: What colour is your favorite shirt?
Answer: My favorite shirt is...
5. Question: What colour is your bedroom wall?
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Answer:My bedroom wall is...
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Common words.
words you might use frequently
Pen Pencil
/pen/ /pensol/
Boy Girl
/bói/ /guérl/
Book Notebook
/buk/ /noutbuk/
Teacher Student
/ tícher/ /stiudnt/
Eraser Marker
/irèisa/ /márker/
Door Window
/door/ /windouw/
Computer Mobile Phone
/compíuta/ /moubaíl fóun/
Desk Chair
/desk/ /chèe/
Television Radio
/televishon/ /reidiou/
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Places. A place is a particular portion of space. Here you will see some examples:
Airport /èrport/ Bus Stop /bás stop/ Cemetery /cèmeteri/
Park /park/ Stadium /stèdiam/ University /yuniversití/
Apartment /apárment/ b Restaurant /restórant/ Shopping Centre /shóping centèr/
Supermarket / Supermarket/ Art Gallery /art galery/
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Bank /bank/ Cafe /café/ Church /church/
Cinema /cinema/ Garage /gárach/ Gym /yím/
School /skúl/ Hotel /jotèl/ Pharmacy /fármaci/
Hospital /jóspitol/ Police Station /polís stèshon/ Library /laibrári/
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Professions/Occupations. Any activity that a person does.
Fire fighter hairdresser Doctor Dentist Cook

/fáiar fáiter/ /jerdresser/ /dóctor/ /dentíst/ /kuk/
Pilot pastry chef mechanic waiter barber

/pailo/ /peistrí chef/ /mecanic/ /wèiter/ /barbèr/
Nurse painter Postman Gardener

Teacher
/ners/ /peintèr/ /poustman/ /gardnèr/ /tícher/
Singer /sín-er/ butcher /bótsher/ soldier /soulyá/ vet /vet/ architect /árkitekt
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Carpenter Electricia photographer police officer shop assistant
/kárpenter/ /elektríshn/ / fotografer/ /polís ófiser/ /shop asístant/
Bartender bus driver receptionist farmer manager

/bár-tènder/ /bás dráiver/ /risèpshonist/ /farmer/ /máneyer/
Locksmith /loksmiz/ housekeeper /jáuskiper/ travel agent /travól eiyent/
Engineer /endginiar/ footballer /futbólar/ lawer /lóyar/ judge /yash/
Exercise 1: Practice the pronunciation of the images above.

Exercise 2: Write and ask your relatives or friends about where they work.
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Adjectives. Class of words that describe nouns.
Exercise: Complete the box bellow with the missing information.
ADJECTIVE PRONUN SPANISH OPPOSITE PRONUN SPANISH

PRONU SPANISH PRONU
CIATION - Bueno CIATION
NCIATI - Malo
Good NCIAIO Bad
Hermoso ON - Feo
Beautiful N Ugly
Apuesto Bad - Feo
GUD
Handsome - Alto Ugly Ugli (repetid
BI-YÚ-
Tall - Grande Short Ugli o)
TI-FUL
Large - Alto Small Short - Corto
JÁN-
High - Pesado Low Smol Pequeñ
SAM
heavy - Grueso Light Lóu o
TOL
Thick - Ancho Thin Lait - Bajo
LARCH
Wide Profundo Narrow Thin - Ligero
JAI
Deep - Seco Shallow Nérou Delgad
JÉ-VI
Dry - Viejo Wet Shálo o
ZIK
Old Inteligent New/ Young Wet Estrech
WÁID
Intelligent e Dumb Nú / o
DIP
- Oscuro Yáng Superfi
Dark DRAI Bright
- Cerca Dám cial
Near OLD Far
Lleno/Oc Braít Mojado
Full/ Busy IN-TÉ- Empty
upado Far - Nuevo
Easy LI-YÉNT Difficult
- Fácil -Émpti / Joven
Cold DARK Hot
- Frío Dífikult - Tonto
Happy NIR Sad
- Feliz Jot Brillant
Strong FUL / Weak
- Fuerte Sad e
Rich Busy - Poor
- Rico Wík - Lejos
Expensive BIZ-I Cheap
- Caro Pur - Vacío
Chubby I-ZI Skinny
- Gordito Chíp - Difícil
Loud KOLD Quiet
- Ruidoso Skíni Calient
JÁ-PI
Slow Fast Kwái-et e
STRON - Lento
Clean Dirty Fast - Triste
G - Limpio
Hard - Duro Soft Dér-ti - Débil
RICH
Long - Largo Short Sóft - Pobre
EKS-
Big - Grande Small Short Barato
PÉN-SIV
Comfortable Cómodo Uncomfortable Smol Delgad
CHÁ-BI
Interesting Interesan Boring An-kam- o
LAUD
Alive te Dead fort-á-bl (inform
SLOU
Late - Vivo Early Bó-ring al)
KLIN
Sour - Tarde Sweet Ded Silencio
JÁRD
Salty - Agrio Bland Ér-li so
LONG
Bitter ¿ BIG - Salado Sweet Swíit Rápido
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Exercise: Read the adjectives and write them in the correct box.
Delicious
Funny
Early
silver
Gigantic Young Rectangular

Cotton old Oval
Circular
Black Africa Glass

Green German Ancient
Gold America Small
purple Asia early
britihs
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Personal Pronouns (subject and object) and Possessive Adjectives.
Pronoun (subject): is any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper

noun as a sentence’ssubject. it takes the place of a noun as the subject of a
sentence, it is both a personal pronoun and a subject pronoun. In essence, the
subject does the action of the sentence.
Pronoun (object): is when a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a

verb, or when it is used as the object of a preposition. It’s any pronoun that is
affected by the action the subject of thesentence takes.
IMPORTANT.
Sometimes it can be difficult to tell the difference between subject and object
pronouns. It can behelpful to remember that a subject is what a sentence is
about, while an object is affected by the action of the subject.
Possessive Adjectives: They show to whom things belong.
Exercise 1: complete the box with the translation of each personal pronoun
and possessive adjective.
Subject Spanish Object Spanish Possessive Spanish

pronoun pronoun adjective
Yo A mí Mi
I me my
Tú Tú tuyo
you you your
Él A él Su
he him his
Ella Su Su
she her her
Eso Eso Esos
it it its
Nosotros A nosotros Nuestro
we us our
Tú Tú tuyo
you you your
Ellos A ellos su
they them their
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Examples:
I am a Teacher Juan knows me. My name is Camilo.

You are a student she wants to see you. Your English is good.
He is intelligent I told you that. His favourite subject is maths.
She is at home you like her. Her house is big.
It is a big cell phone nice camera! you can have it. its camera is very good.
We are in the Park vegetables are good for us. Our bicycles are nice.
You are architects I see you. Your buildings are very tall.
They are at work where is Tania? Ask them. What is their e-mail address?
Exercise 2: Match the pronouns in A to the possessive adjective in B and to the pronoun in C:
C A B
Them I your
her You its
it He our
his She my
us It her
me We their
you They his.
Exercise 3: write down some sentences using each pronoun and possessive adjective.
7. You all are invited to the party. **Your**
Certainly! Here are 11 sentences, each using presence is requested.
a different pronoun and possessive adjective:
8. They have a beautiful garden. **Their** flowers
bloom in spring.
1. I have a cat. **My** cat is very playful. 9. John and Mary are a lovely couple. **Their**
wedding was memorable.
2. You are my best friend. **Your** support
means a lot to me. 10. The company values its employees. **Its**
commitment to staff well-being is evident.
3. He is a talented musician. **His** guitar
skills are impressive. 11. The students enjoyed the field trip. **Their**
excitement was contagious
4. She loves reading books. **Her** favorite
genre is mystery.
5. It is raining outside. **Its** fur got wet. 12. I visited my grandparents last weekend.
**My** grandmother makes the best cookies.
6. We completed the project successfully.
**Our** teamwork made it possible.
24
13. Can you pass me that book? **Your**
book is on the table.
14. He is driving his new car. **His** car is a

luxury sedan.
15. She planted flowers in her garden.

**Her** garden is full of vibrant colors.
16. The baby held onto its mother's finger.

**Its** mother's touch was comforting.
17. We completed our assignments on time.

**Our** effort paid off.
18. You all can use your own laptops.

**Your** laptops are on the desk.
19. They built their dream house. **Their**

house has a beautiful view.
20. Mike and Sarah shared their experiences.

**Their** stories were fascinating.
21. The cat is playing with its toy. **Its** toy

is a small mouse.
22. The team celebrated its victory. **Its**

success was well-deserved.
25
Simple Present with “Be”
NOTE:
The Complement can be a Place, can be
an Adjective or can be a Profession / Occupation.
26
Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps with the present form of the verb to be (am, is, are):
1. Katheryn **is** my friend; she **is** in my class.

2. I **am** at the University, and I **am** twenty years old.
3. Andres, Danilo, and Juan **are** so happy; they **are** at the cinema.
4. Tokyo **is** a nice city; it **is** in Japan.
5. Daniela, Carol, and I **are** in Bogotá; we **are** good friends.
6. Carlos **is** a good student; he **is** in the library.
7. You **are** in the army; you **are** very strong.
Exercise 2: Write 8 affirmative sentences, 8 negative sentences and 8 questions in
present simple with verb to be using all vocabulary seen before. (Adjectives, places,
occupations or professions and articles).
Certainly! Let's use the vocabulary provided earlier and create sentences in the present simple with the verb
"to be."
**Affirmative Sentences:**
1. Daniela **is** a talented artist.

2. The library **is** a quiet place to study.
3. Carlos and Juan **are** good friends.
4. My grandparents' house **is** spacious.
5. Tokyo **is** a vibrant city in Japan.
6. Doctors **are** highly respected professionals.
7. The cat **is** playful and cute.
8. English **is** an interesting language to learn.
**Negative Sentences:**
1. Daniela **isn't** a lazy person.

2. The library **isn't** a noisy place.
3. Carlos and Juan **aren't** enemies.
4. My grandparents' house **isn't** small.
5. Tokyo **isn't** a boring city.
6. Doctors **aren't** inexperienced individuals.
7. The cat **isn't** aggressive.
8. English **isn't** a difficult language for everyone.
**Questions:**
1. **Is** Daniela a talented artist?

2. **Is** the library a noisy place to study?
27
3. **Are** Carlos and Juan enemies?
4. **Is** my grandparents' house small?
5. **Is** Tokyo a boring city?
6. **Are** doctors highly respected professionals?
7. **Is** the cat aggressive?
8. **Is** English a difficult language for you?
28
The indefinite article. a / an
EXAMPLES
I went for a movie.
This is a pen.
She is an engineer
I’ve have made a great movie.
She is a shy girl
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The definite article The
Use:
1-. With Inventions.
9-. Cinemas.
When was the telephone invented? The Primavera Urbana,
Tesla invented the Radio. The Odeon.
2-. Species of animal.

10-. Theatres.
The domestic cat lives with humans,
The Cristobal Colon,
The great white shark is very famous.
The Mayor.
11-. Newspapers.
3-. Oceans and Seas.
The Wall Street Journal,
The Pacific Ocean,
The New York Times.
The Caribbean Sea.
12-. Areas.
4-. Mountain Ranges
The South,
The Andes
The northwest.
The Alps.
5-. Island groups. 13-. National groups.
The Galapagos islands,
The Cayman Is lands. The Welsh,
The British.
6-. Rivers.
14-. Only one thing.
The Amazon,
The Mississippi The Moon,
7-. Deserts. The World.
The Sahara, 15-. With Superlatives.

The Patagonian.
The tallest,
8-. Hotels. The most beautiful.
The Meta,
The Beverly Hills.
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Countries and Nationalities.
Country: is a state or nation.
Nationality: people who belong to a nation.
Exercise 1: write the translation of each country and nationality into the following table:
COUNTRY PRONUNCIATION NATIONALITY PRONUNCIATION SPANISH
Afghanistan /afgánistan/ Afghan /áfgan/
Afganistán
Argentina /ardchentína/ Argentinian /ardchentínian/
Argentina
Australia /ostréilia/ Australian /ostréilian/
Australia
Austria /óstria/ Austrian /óstrian/ Austria
Belgium /bélchom/ Belgian /béldchan/ Bélgica
Bolivia /bolíivia/ Bolivian /bolíivian/ Bolivia
Brazil /brasíl/ Brazilian /brasílian/ Brasil
Bulgaria /balguéria/ Bulgarian /balguérian/ Bulgaria
Canada /kánada/ Canadian /kanéidian/ Canadá
Chile /chíli/ Chilean /chílian/ Chile
China /cháina/ Chinese /chainíis/ China
Colombia /kolómbia/ Colombian /kolómbian/ Colombia
Costa Rica /kostaríka/ Costa Rican /kostaríikan/ Costa Rica
Cuba /kiúba/ Cuban /kiúban/ Cuba
Denmark /dénmark/ Danish /déinish/ Dinamarca
Dominican /domínikan Dominican /domínikan/ República
Republic ripáblik/ Dominicana
Ecuador /ékuador/ Ecuadorean /ekuadórian/ Ecuador
Egypt /ídchipt/ Egyptian /idchípshan/ Egipto
Englan /(íngland/ English /ínglish/ Inglaterra
Finland /fínland/ Finnish /finish/ Finlandia
France /fráns/ French /frénch/ Francia
Germany /dchérmani/ German /dchérman/ Alemania
Grecia
Greece /gríis/ Greek /gríik/
Groenlandia
Greenland /gríinland/ Greenlander /grinlánder/
Guatemala
Guatemala /guatemála/ Guatemalan /guatemálan/
Haití
Haiti /héiti/ Haitian /héishan/ Hawái
Hawaii /hauái/ Hawaiian /hauáian/ India
India /índia/ Indian /índian/ Indonesia
Indonesia /indounísha/ Indonesian /indouníshan/ Irán
Iran /irán/ Iranian /iránian/ Irak
Iraq /irák/ Iraqui /iráki/ Irlanda
Ireland /áirland/ Irish /áirish/ Israel
Israel /ísrael/ Israeli /isréli/ Italia
Italy /ítali/ Italian /itálian/
31
COUNTRY PRONUNCIATION NATIONALITY PRONUNCIATION SPANISH
Japan /dchapán/ Japanese /dchapaníis/
Korea /koría/ korean /korían/ Japón
Lebanon /lébanon/ Lebanese /lebaníis/ Corea
Malaysia /maléisha/ Malaysian /maléishan/ Líbano
Malta /mólta/ Maltese /moltíis/ Malasia
Malta
Mexico /méksikou/ Mexican /méksikan/
México
Morocco /morókou/ Moroccan /morókan/
Marruecos
Nepal /nepál/ Nepalese /nepalíis/
Nepal
Netherlands /néderlands/ Dutch /dách/ Países Bajos
Nigeria /naidchíiria/ Nigerian /naidchírian/ Nigeria
Norway /nóorwei/ Norwegian /norwídchan/ Noruega
Pakistan /pákistan/ Pakistani /pakistáni/ Pakistán
Palestine /pálestain/ Palestinian /palestínian/ Palestina
Panama /panama/ Panamanian /panaménian/ Panamá
Paraguay /páraguai/ Paraguayan /paraguáian/ Paraguay
Peru /perú/ Peruvian /perúvian/ Perú
Philipines /filipíns/ Filipino /filipínou/ Filipinas
Poland /póuland/ Polish /polish/ Polonia
Portugal /pórchugal/ Portuguese /porchuguíis/ Portugal
Rumania /ruméinia/ Rumanian /ruméinian/ Rumanía
Russia /rásha/ Russian /ráshan/ Rusia
Scotland /skótland/ Scottish /skótish/ Escocia
Singapore /síngapur/ Singaporean /singaporéan/ Singapur
Spain /spéin/ Spanish /spánish/ España
Suecia
Sweden /suíiden/ Swedish /suídish/
Suiza
Switzerland /suítserland/ Swiss /suíis/
Siria
Syria /síria/ Syrian /sírian/
Tahití
Tahiti /tahíti/ Tahitian /tahítian/ Tailandia
Thailand /táiland/ Thai /tái/ Túnez
Tunisia /tunísha/ Tunisian /tuníshan/ Turquía
Turkey /térki/ Turkish /térkish/ Ucrania
Ukraine /iukréin/ Ukrainian /iukréinian/ Reino Unido
United /iunáited British /brítish/ Estados Unidos
Kingdom kingdom/ Uruguay
United States /iunáited American /amérikan/ Venezuela
stéits/ Vietnam
Uruguay /iúruguai/ Uruguayan /iuruguáian/
Venezuela /venesuéla/ Venezuelan /venesuélan/
Vietnam /vietnám/ Vietnamese /vietnamíis/
32
Demonstrative Adjectives.
They demonstrate a quality about the noun they modify, in this case the location in
respect to the speaker or the listener.
IMPORTANT.
Use that with Use that with Use this is and is that? Use this is to introduce
something that has somethingthat On the phone. people.
happened. someone has just said.
Example: this is Example: hi Cristian,
Example: Example: She is going Camilo. (speaker) this is Carolina.
that was a nice on holiday tomorrow. Is that Andrea? (the
breakfast. That’s nice. other person).
33
Exercise 1: fill in the gaps with the correct demonstrative adjective
Exercise 2: write down some sentences using demonstrative adjectives and vocabulary
seen before
1. **This** library is an excellent place for quiet study.
2. I love **that** painting in the museum; it's truly beautiful.
3. Daniela and Carol visited **those** vibrant markets in Brazil.
4. **These** doctors work tirelessly to save lives.
5. **That** cat is adorable; it always plays in the garden.
6. **These** English lessons are helpful for language learners.
7. I traveled to **those** fascinating countries in Europe.
8. Carlos and Juan explored **this** ancient city in Greece.
34
9. **These** students are from different countries.
10. I have **that** comfortable chair in my living room.
11. Daniela bought **these** colorful flowers for her garden.
12. Carlos and Juan enjoyed **that** delicious meal in Italy.
13. My grandparents' house has **those** impressive antiques.
14. **This** city has a rich history and culture.
15. I like **that** small cafe in the corner; it has great coffee.
35
Fruits. any product of plant growth useful to humans or animals.
almonds /ámonds/ apple/ápl/ apricot /apricot/ avocado /avocádou/
Banana /banana/ blackberry /blák bérri/ cherry /chérri/ coconut /kóukonat/
grapes /gréips/ hazelnuts /héizelnats/ lemon /lemon/ lime /láim/
mango /mángou/ melon /mélon/ orange /órendch/ papaya /papáia/
36
peach /píich/ peanuts /pínats/ pear /pear/ pineapple /páinápl/
plum/(plam/ raspberry /rásp-bérri/ strawberry /stróberri/
tangerine /tándcherin/ watermelon /wótermélon/ seed/síid/
37
Vegetables. any seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, or flower parts are used as
food.
Artichoke/(árti-chóuk/ asparagus /aspáragos/ beans /bíins/ beet/bít/
Capsicum/pepper broad beans broccoli /broccoli/ Brussels sprouts
/kapsikum/péper/ /bróod bíins/ /brásels spráuts/
cabbage /kábedch/ carrot /kárrot/ cauliflower /kóli-fláuer/ celery /séleri/
38
chard /chard/ chick peas /chik píis/ cucumber/kiúcomber/ eggplant/égplant/
Mushrooms/másh-rúms/ onion /ónion/ parsley /pársli/ peas /píis/
potato /potéitou/ pumpkin /pumpkin/ spinach /spínidch/ squash /skuósh/
string beans /stríng bins/ corn /kórn/ tomato /tomátou/ zucchini /sukíni/
39
Exercise 1: write 10 sentences using fruits, vegetables, demonstrative adjectives and
adjectives to describe them.
Example: this apple is very red.

1. **This** juicy mango is incredibly sweet and refreshing.
2. Daniela bought **those** ripe bananas from the local market.
3. Carlos and Juan enjoy cooking with **these** fresh tomatoes in their salads.
4. **That** crisp apple is perfect for a healthy snack.
5. I planted **these** colorful bell peppers in my garden; they are vibrant and flavorful.
6. **These** succulent strawberries are delicious on their own or in a dessert.
7. **This** ripe avocado is perfect for making creamy guacamole.
8. My grandparents have a garden with **those** plump, red cherries.
9. **These** green cucumbers are crunchy and ideal for salads.
10. I appreciate **that** exotic dragon fruit for its unique taste and appearance.
Nouns.
Are words that can function as the subject or object in a sentence or phrase, and
typically refer to persons, places, animals, things, states, or qualities.
37

Common nouns are words used to name general items.
Examples:
People. Artist, baby, cook, dentist, giant, judge, lawyer, man, nurse, police officer, etc.
Animals. Hen, duck, fish, parrot, zebra, dolphin, horse, whale, bear, goose, cow, shark..
Places. Farm, hill, hotel, church, shop, zoo, library, park, restaurant, mountain, house..
Things. Door, picture, blanket, chair, desk, cup, radio, television, box, ladder, bag, etc.
Proper nouns are words used to name particular or specific items.

Examples:
People. Omar, Carlos, Carolina, Danna, Antonio, etc.
Countries. America, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, etc.
Cities/tows/buildings/landmarks. Hong Kong, Big Ben, The Grand Canyon, etc.
Days of the week/months of the year. Saturday, June, etc.
Mountains/seas/rivers/lakes. The Alps, The Thames, The Pacific Ocean, etc.
Festivals/special events/holidays. Halloween, Christmas, Valentine’s day, etc.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns.

Countable nouns are things we can count.
Example: dog/dogs
My brother has a dog. My sister has two dogs.
 Other examples of countable nouns:
Things: book, table, computer, banana, shirt, television, house.
People: man, woman, child, friend, sister, uncle, teacher, boss.
Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count, or can’t divide into separate parts:
Examples:
Liquids and some foods: water, butter, rice, flour, milk.

Ideas and concepts: love, fun, work, money, peace, safety.
Information: advice, information, news, knowledge.
Categories: music, furniture, equipment, jewellery, meat.
Exercise: Complete the table with different countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
Apples Wáter
Books Informations
Cars Rice
Gogs Air
38
There is and there are.
They are used to indicate that something exists.
39
Exercise: write down sentences about the picture using there is and there are:
1. There are children playing in the park.

2. There is a pedestrian crossing the street.
3. There are people walking on the sidewalk.
4. There is a group of kids playing near the fountain.
5. There are parents watching their children play.
6. There is a pedestrian waiting at the crosswalk.
7. There are families enjoying the sunny day in the park.
8. There are friends chatting on the bench.
9. There is a street vendor selling snacks.
10. There are cars parked along the street.
40
Wh Questions.
We use word such as What, When, Where, Why, Which, How, etc. to get more
information when we ask a question and we locate them at the beginning of the
question.
IMPORTANT.
We normally use How with

adjectives and adverbs such
as old, quickly, far. Well, etc.
Examples:
How old = we use it to obtain
somebody’s age.
How much = we use it to
obtain a quantity or a price
(uncountable nouns).
How many = we use it to
obtain a quantity (countable nouns).
How often = we use it to
obtain the frequency that
somebody does something.
How far = we use it to obtain
a distance.
Exercise: Write 4 questions using WH
1. What is your favorite book?
2. Where did you spend your last vacation?
3. Who is your best friend?
4. Why did you choose that career path?
41
Prepositions of place
at in on
Examples:
The ball is in the box.
The ball is on the box.
The car is at the traffic light.
42
Exercise: Complete the sentence with the correct preposition.
43
Body Parts:
Exercise 1: Draw a line from each label to the right part of the body
44
Exercise 2: write in Spanish each part of thebody.
abdomen /abdomen/ : abdomen : ears /íars/ : - orejas:

ankle /ánkl// : : elbow /élbou/: - codo :
tobillo eyebrows /áibráus/: - cejas :
appendix /appendix/ : apéndice :
arm /áarm/ : : eyelashes /áiláshis/: - pestañas :
brazo eyelids /áilids/: - párpados:
armpit /áarmpit/ : axila :
artery /árteri/ : eyes /áis/: - ojos:
back /bák/ : arteria : face /féis/: - cara :
espalda:
beard /bíerd/ : feet /fíit/: - :
pies
barba : fingers /fínguers/: - dedos :
belly /béli/ : :
vientre
bladder /bláder/ : : flesh /flesh/: - carne:
vejiga foot /fút/: - pie:
blood /bláad/ : sangre :
bones /bóuns/ : forearm /fóorárm/: - antebrazo :
huesos : forehead /fór hed/ : - :
bottom /bótom/: : frente
parte inferior,
bowels /báuels/ : : genitals /dchénitals: - genitales :
fondo - cabello
brain /bréin/: : hair /héer/: :
intestinos - mano :
breasts /brésts/: hand /hand/:
cerebro: - cabeza:
bust /bást/: : head /héd/ :
pechos - corazón
buttocks /bátoks/: heart /hart/ : :
busto :
heel /híil/: - talón
:
calf /kaaf/: :
glúteos
hips /hips/: - caderas
:
cheekbones /chíikbóu ns/:
pantorrilla :
instep /instep/: - empeine:
cheeks /chíiks/: pómulos :
chest /chest/: : intestines /intéstins/ : - intestinos :
mejillas
chin /chin/ : pecho:
kidneys /kídnis/ : navel /néivl/ :

riñones - ombligo
knee /níi/ : neck /nék/ :
rodilla - cuello
knuckles /nákls/ :
- nudillos nipples /nípls/ :
- pezones
leg /leg/ : - pierna palm /páam/ :
- palma
limbs /limbs/ :
- extremidades penis /pínis/ :
- pene
lips /lips/ : - labios rib /rib/ :
- costilla
liver /liver/ -:hígado shin /shin/ :
- espinilla
lungs /lángs/ :
- pulmones skull /skál/ :
- cráneo
moustache /mostásh/ - bigote : stomach /stómak/ :
- estómago
mouth /máuz/ - boca : teeth /tíiz/ :
- dientes
muscles /másls/ :
- músculos toes /tóus/ : de los pies
- dedos
nails /néils/ :
- uñas tongue /tóng/ - lengua:
nape /néip/ - nuca: tooth /túth/ :
- diente
45
Prepositions of time.
46
Exercise 1: Fill in the sentences with the preposition in, on, at.
On
At
In
On
On
On
In
At
At
In
In
On
At
On
In
In
At Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with: in, on, at.
At
On
o
In
at at
on
in
on
in
O
at
in
in
in
in
at
47
Present continuous tense
We use it for actions going on in the moment of speaking, for actions taking place only
for a short period of time and used to express development and actions that are
arranged for the near future
48
How to change infinitive verbs to gerund verbs.
Exercise 1: Add the ending -ing to the infinitive of the verb

go → going pay → Playing
call → Calling come → Coming
swim → Swiming carry → Carrying
meet → Meeting smile → Smiling

climb → Climbing cut → cuting
49
Exercise 1: Complete with the negative and the question in present progressive tense
He is eating now.
He is not eating now.
Is he eating now?
1. They are not singing now.

Are they singing now?
2. They are not celebrating.

Are they celebrating?
3. The baby is not sleeping.

Is the baby sleeping?
4. He is not riding a bike.

Is he riding a bike?
5. They are not playing.

Are they playing?
6. It is not raining now.

Is it raining now?
50
Present simple tense vs present continuous tense
Exercise 1: Write sentences about what they are doing, use present continuous for
each picture:
1. The children are playing football in the park. They are kicking the ball and laughing joyfully.
51
2. The lady is cooking a delicious meal in the kitchen. She is chopping vegetables and stirring a pot on the stove.
3. The girl is skating on the ice. She is gliding gracefully, enjoying the winter day.
4. The boy is swimming in the pool. He is doing laps and practicing different strokes.
52
Simple present with other verbs.
We use this tense to talk about an action in the present taking place regularly, never or
several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions
that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the
present
53
Exercise 1: Change the verb into the correct form
1. I usually **go** to school.
2. They **visit** us often.
3. You **play** basketball once a week.
4. Tom **works** every day.
5. He always **tells** us funny stories.
6. She never **helps** me with that!
7. Martha and Kevin **swim** twice a week.
8. In this club, people usually **dance** a lot.
9. Linda **takes care** of her sister.
10. John rarely **leaves** the country.
11. We **live** in the city most of the year.
12. Lorie **travels** to Paris every Sunday.
13. I **bake** cookies twice a month.
14. You always **teach** me new things.
15. She **helps** the kids of the neighborhood.
Exercise 2: Complete the table with the correct form of the simple present.
PRONOUN AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I I work. I do not work Do i work?
he He dances He doesn’t dance. Does he dance?
you You sing You do not sing do you sing?

it It Works It does not work does it work?
we We fix cars We do not fix cars. Do we fix cars?
She She eats meat. She does note at meat Does she eat meat?
they They read They do not read. Do they read?
54
you You watch tv. Do you watch TV?
55
Food/ Meals.
Exercise: write in Spanish the next vocabulary:
Bacon /béikn/ ribs /ribs/ Costillas

beef /bííf/ Tocino roast beef /róust-bíf/ Roast beef
black pudding /blá k Carne
púding/de res
roasted /róustid/ Asado de res
Morcilla
blood sausage /bló d sósidch/ salad /salad/ Ensalada
breast /brést/ Morcilla de sangre
salami /salami/ Salami
canneloni /kanelón i/ Pechuga sauce /sóos/ Salsa
Canelones
cheese /chíis/ sausage /sósidch/ Salchicha
Queso
cheeseburger /chíis -bérguer/ scrambled eggs /skrámbl d Huevos
éggs/ revueltos
Hamburguesa con
chicken /chíken/ soup /súp/ Sopa
queso
chips /chips/ spaghetti /spaguéri/ Espaguetis
Pollo
chop /chop/ steak /stéik/ Filete
Papas fritas
dessert /disért/ stew /stiú/ Estofado
Chuleta
french fries /french fráis/
Postre tomato sauce /toméitou s Salsa
óos/ de tomate
fried chicken /fráid chíken/ tongue /tang/ Lengua
Papas fritas (patatas
goat /gout/ tripe /tráip/ Callos
fritas)
grilled /grild/ turkey /térki/ Pavo
Pollo frito
ham /hám/ Cabra vegetables /védchetabl s/ Verduras
hamburger /hámbe rguer/
Asado a la parrilla
hot dog /hot dog/ Jamón
kidneys /kídnis/ Hamburguesa Sea food Camarones
lamb /lam/ Perrito caliente fried shrimps /fráid shrimps/
lasagne /lasáni/ fritos
Riñones king prawn /king prón/
liver /liver/ Langostino
Cordero lobster /lobster/ Langosta
macaroni /mákaroni/Lasaña mussel /másel/ Mejillón
mashed potatoes / máshtHígado octopus /óktopus/
potéitous/ Pulpo
Macarrones oyster /óister/ Ostra
mayonnaise /meio néis/ Puré de papas prawns /próons/ Langostinos
meatballs /mítbols/ Mayonesa salmon /sáamon/ Salmón
medium rare /mídiomAlbóndigas
réer/ sardines /sardíns/ Sardinas
noodles /núudls/ Poco hecho (referido shark /shark/ Tiburón
omelet /ómlit/ a la cocción de la shellfish /shélfish/ Mariscos
pasta /pásta/ carne) shrimp /shrimp/ Camarón
pizza /pítza/ Fideos snail /snéil/ Caracol
pork /póork/ Tortilla (francesa) squid /skuíd/ Calamar
pork chops /pork chops/Pasta trout /tráut/ Trucha
pork sausage /pórk sósidch/
Pizza tuna /tiúna/ Atún
ravioli /ravioli/ Cerdo
rare /rear/ Chuletas de cerdo
56
Drinks and Beverages. flamingo /flamíng ou/
Flamenco
goose /gúus/
Ganso
apple juice /ápl d chúus/ hen /hen/ Gallina
Jugo de manzana
brown beer /brá unCerveza
bíar/ oscura heron /heron/ Garza
can of Coke /kan óv kóuk/ hummingbird /há ming berd/
Colibrí
Lata de Coca-Cola
champagne /sha mpéin/ ostrich /ostrich/ Avestruz
Champán
cider /sáider/ owl /ául/ Búho
Sidra
coffee /kófi/ parrot /parrot/ Loro
Café
gin /gín/ peacock /píkok/ Pavo real
Ginebra
hot chocolate /jót chóklit pelican /pelican/ Pelícano
Chocolate caliente
/juice /yúus/ Jugo penguin /péngüin / Pingüino
lemonade /lémo néid/ Limonada pigeon /pídyin/ Paloma
light soda /laít s óuda/
Refresco ligero rooster /rúuster/ Gallo
liqueur /likér/ Licor seagull/(sígal/ Gaviota
milkshake /mílkshéik/ Batido de leche swan /suán/ Cisne
orange juice /ór endch Jugoyúus/
de naranja turkey /térki/ Pavo
pineapple juice / páinapol
Jugo de yúus/
piña woodpecker /wú udpéker/
Pájaro carpintero
red wine /red uái n/Vino tinto
rum /ram/ Ron
soda /sóuda/ Soda Insects and reptiles.
soft drink /sóft drink/Refresco
sparkling water / spárklin
Agua con gas
uóter/ alligator (áligueitor)
still water /stíl wót er/ ant (ant) Cocodrilo
Agua sin gas
tea /tíi/ Hormiga
Té bedbug (bédbag)
Chinche de cama
vodka /vodka/ Vodka bee (bíi)
Abeja
water /uóter/ Agua beetle (bíitl)
Escarabajo
whisky /wíski/ Whisky butterfly (báterflai)
Mariposa
white wine /wáit wáin/ Vino blanco caterpillar (káterpilar)
Oruga
wine /wáin/ Vino centipede (séntipid)
Ciempies
chameleon (kamílion)
Camaleón
cricket (críkit)
Grillo
Animals. crocodile (crókodail) Cocodrilo
Canario dragonfly (drágonflai ) Libélula
blackbird /blákberd/
Pollito earthworm (érz-uór m) Lombriz
canary /canér i/
Pollo firefly (fáier flái)
chick /chik/ Cacatúa Luciérnaga
chicken /chíken/ flea (flíi) Pulga
Cóndor fly (flái)
cockatoo /kókatu/
Cuervo Mosca
condor /kóndo/Pato frog (fróg) Rana
crow /cróu/ iguana (iguána) Iguana
Águila ladybird (léidibérd) Mariquita
duck /dák/ Halcón
eagle /ígol/ ladybug (léidi bag) Mariquita
falcon /falcon/ lizard (lísard) Lagarto
57
Mammals. zebra (síbra)
anteater (ánt íter) Fish and sea animals.

antelope (ántiloup) Hormiguero
bat (bát) Antílope catfish (kátfish)
Murciélago Bagre
bear (béer) crab (krab) Cangrejo
Oso crocodile (crókoda il)Cocodrilo
buffalo (báfalou)
Búfalo dolphin (dólfin)
bull (bul) Delfín
Toro frog (fróg)
calf (káf) Rana
Ternero jellyfish (dchéli fish) Medusa
camel (kámel)
Camello killerwhale (kíler uéil) Orca
cat (kat)
Gato lobster (lóbster)
cheetah (chíita) Langosta
Guepardo
chimpanzee (chim pansí) octopus (óktopus) Pulpo
Chimpancé
cow (káu) oyster (óister) Ostra
Vaca ray (réi)
deer (díer) Raya
Ciervo
dog (dog) salmon (sámon) Salmón
Perro
donkey (dónki) sardine (sardín) Sardina
Burro
elephant (élefant) seahorse (síi-jors) Caballito de
Elefante
fox (fox) seal (síil) mar
Zorro
gazelle (gassél) shark (shárk) Foca
Gacela
giraffe (dchiráf) shell (shél) Tiburón
Jirafa
goat (góut) shrimp (shrímp) Concha
Cabra
gorilla (goríla) slug (slág) Camarón
Gorila
hippopotamus (hip opótamus) snail (snéil) Lima
Hipopótamo
horse (hórs) Caballo squid (skuíd) Caracol
hyena (haína) Hiena starfish (stárfish) Calamar
leopard (lépard) Leopardo toad (tóud) Estrella de mar
lion (láion) León trout (tráut) Sapo
monkey (mónki) Mono tuna (tiúna) Trucha
moose (múus) Alce turtle (tértl) Atún
mouse (máus) Ratón walrus (uólras) Tortuga
ox (óks) Buey whale (uéil) Morsa
pig (pig) Cerdo Ballena
rabbit (rábit) Conejo
rat (rat) Rata
rhinoceros (rainócer os)Rinoceronte
seal (síil) Foca
sheep (shíip) Oveja
squirrel (skwúrrl) Ardilla
tiger /taiger/ Tigre
wolf (wúlf) Lobo
58
Regular verbs
No. INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH.
SIMPLE
1 achieve achieved achieved Lograr
2 admit admitted admitted Admitir
3 advise advised advised Aconsejar
4 agree agreed agreed Acordar
5 annoy annoyed annoyed Molestar
6 answer answered answered Responder
7 apologize apologized apologized Disculparse
8 argue argued argued Discutir
9 arrive arrived arrived Llegar
10 ask asked asked Preguntar
11 attack attacked attacked Atacar
12 avoid avoided avoided Evitar
13 bake baked baked Hornear
14 believe believed believed Creer
15 boil boiled boiled Hervir
16 borrow borrowed borrowed Pedir prestado
17 breathe breathed breathed Respirar
18 brush brushed brushed Cepillar
19 call called called Llamar
Cancelar
20 cancel cancelled cancelled
Cuidar
21 care cared cared
Llevar
22 carry carried carried
Cambiar
23 change changed changed Hacer trampa
24 cheat cheated cheated Revisar
25 check checked checked Picar
26 chop chopped chopped Limpiar
27 clean cleaned cleaned Trepar
28 climb climbed climbed Cerrar
29 close closed closed Peinar
30 comb combed combed Quejarse
31 complain complained complained Cocinar
32 cook cooked cooked Cruzar
33 cross crossed crossed Llorar
34 cry cried cried Bailar
35 dance danced danced Decidir
36 decide decided decided
59
37 delete deleted deleted
38 deny denied denied Eliminar
Negar
39 develop developed developed
Desarrollar
40 die died died
Morir
41 earn earned earned
Ganar
42 end ended ended
Terminar
43 enjoy enjoyed enjoyed Disfrutar
44 exercise exercise exercise Ejercitar
45 explain explained explained Explicar
46 fail failed failed Fallar
47 fill filled filled Llenar
48 finish finished finished Terminar
49 fix fixed fixed Seguir
50 follow followed followed Adivinar
51 guess guessed guessed Suceder
52 happen happened happened Odiar
53 hate hated hated Ayudar
54 help helped helped Apurarse
55 hurry hurried hurried Ignorar
56 ignore ignored ignored Imaginar
57 imagine imagined imagined Mejorar
58 improve improved improved Presentar
59 introduce introduced introduced Correr (a paso moderado)
60 jog jogged jogged Unirse
Bromear
61 join joined joined
Saltar
62 joke joked joked
Dar una patada
63 jump jumped jumped
Matar
64 kick kicked kicked
Besar
65 kill killed killed Golpear
66 kiss kissed kissed Reír
67 knock knocked knocked Mentir
68 laugh laughed laughed Gustar
69 lie lied/lay lied/lain Escuchar
70 like liked liked Vivir
71 listen (to) listened (to) listened (to) Cerrar con llave
72 live lived lived Cuidar
73 lock locked locked Mirar
74 look after looked after looked after Buscar
75 look at looked at looked at Parecerse a
76 look for looked for looked for
77 look like looked like looked like
60
78 love loved loved
79 marry married married Amar
80 miss missed missed Casarse
81 need needed needed Extrañar
Necesitar
82 open opened opened
Abrir
83 pack packed packed
Empacar
84 paint painted painted
Pintar
85 pass passed passed
Pasar
86 pause paused paused Pausar
87 phone phoned phoned Llamar (por teléfono)
88 pick picked picked Recoger
89 plan planned planned Planificar
90 play played played Jugar
91 prefer preferred preferred Preferir
92 prepare prepared prepared Preparar
93 press pressed pressed Presionar
94 pretend pretended pretended Fingir
95 protect protected protected Proteger
96 provide provided provided Proveer
97 pull pulled pulled Jalar
98 push pushed pushed Empujar
99 rain rained rained Llover
100 regret regretted regretted Arrepentirse
101 remember remembered remembered Recordar
102 repair repaired repaired Reparar
103 repeat repeated repeated Repetir
104 rest rested rested Descansar
Volver
105 return returned returned
Guardar
106 save saved saved
Asustar
107 scare scared scared
Gritar
108 scream screamed screamed
Buscar
109 search searched searched Parecer
110 seem seemed seemed Compartir
111 share shared shared Oler
112 smell smelled smelled Sonreír
113 smile smiled smiled Nevar
114 snow snowed snowed Comenzar
115 start started started Quedarse
116 stay stayed stayed Pisar
117 step stepped stepped Detenerse
118 stop stopped stopped
61
119 study studied studied
120 talk talked talked Estudiar
121 tidy up tidied up tidied up Hablar
Ordenar
122 tie tied tied
Atar
123 touch touched touched
Tocar
124 train trained trained
Entrenar
125 travel travelled travelled
Viajar
126 try tried tried Intentar
127 turn turned turned Girar
128 use used used Usar
129 visit visited visited Visitar
130 wait waited waited Esperar
131 walk walked walked Caminar
132 want wanted wanted Querer
133 wash washed washed Lavar
134 wash up washed up washed up Lavar los platos
135 waste wasted wasted Desperdiciar
136 watch watched watched Mirar
137 wish wished wished Desear
138 wonder wondered wondered Preguntarse
139 work worked worked Trabajar
140 worry worried worried Preocuparse
Irregular Verbs.
No. INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION.
1 be was/were been
2 become became become Ser/estar
Convertirse
3 begin began begun
Empezar
4 bend bent bent
Doblar
5 bet bet bet
Apostar
6 bite Bit bitten Morder
7 bleed bled bled Sangrar
8 blow blew blown Soplar
9 break broke broken Romper
10 bring brought brought Traer
11 build built built Construir
12 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt Quemar
13 burst burst burst Estallar
14 buy bought bought Comprar
15 catch caught caught Atrapar
16 choose chose chosen Elegir
62
17 come came come
18 cost cost cost Venir
19 creep crept crept Costar
Arrastrarse
20 cut cut cut
Cortar
21 dig dug dug
Excavar
22 do did done
Hacer
23 draw drew drawn Dibujar
24 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt Soñar
25 drink drank drunk Beber
26 drive drove driven Conducir
27 eat ate eaten Comer
28 fall fell fallen Caer
29 feed fed fed Alimentar
30 feel felt felt Sentir
31 fight fought fought Luchar
32 find found found Encontrar
33 fly flew flown Volar
34 forget forgot forgotten Olvidar
35 forgive forgave forgiven Perdonar
36 freeze froze frozen Congelar
37 get got got/gotten Obtener
38 give gave given Dar
39 go went gone Ir
40 grow grew grown Crecer
41 hang hanged/hung hanged/hung Colgar
Tener
42 have had had
Escuchar
43 hear heard heard
Esconder
44 hide hid hidden
Golpear
45 hit hit hit
Sostener
46 hold held held Herir
47 hurt hurt hurt Guardar
48 keep kept kept Saber
49 know knew known Colocar
50 lay laid laid Liderar
51 lead led led Saltar
52 leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt Dejar
53 leave left left Aprender
54 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt Prestar
55 lend lent lent Permitir
56 let let let Perder
57 lose lost lost
63
58 make made made
Hacer
59 mean meant meant
Significar
60 meet met met
Encontrarse
61 pay paid paid
Pagar
62 put put put Poner
63 read read read Leer
64 ride rode ridden Montar
65 ring rang rung Llamar (por teléfono)
66 rise rose risen Levantarse
67 run ran run Correr
68 say said said Decir
69 see saw seen Ver
70 seek sought sought Buscar
71 sell sold sold Vender
72 send sent sent Enviar
73 set set set Establecer
74 shake shook Shaken Sacudir
75 shine shined/shone shined/shone Brillar
76 show showed shown/showed Mostrar
77 shrink shrank/shrunk Shrunk Encogerse
78 shut shut shut Cerrar
79 sing sang sung Cantar
80 sink sank sunk Hundir
Sentarse
81 sit sat sat
Dormir
82 sleep slept slept
Deslizar
83 slide slid slid
Hablar
84 speak spoke spoken
Gastar
85 spend spent spent Girar
86 spin spun spun Estropear
87 spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt Esparcir
88 spread spread spread Estar de pie
89 stand stood stood Robar
90 steal stole stolen Pegar
91 stick stuck stuck Picar (como un insecto)
92 sting stung stung Oler mal
93 stink stank stunk Juramentar
94 swear swore sworn Barrer
95 sweep swept swept Nadar
96 swim swam swum Balancear
97 swing swung swung Tomar
98 take took taken
64
99 teach taught taught enseñar
100 tear tore torn

101 tell told told Desgarrar
102 think thought thought Contar
103 throw threw thrown Pensar
Lanzar
104 understand understood understood
Entender
105 undo undid undone
Deshacer
106 wake woke woken
Despertar
107 wear wore worn
Usar (ropa)
108 win won Won Ganar
109 Write wrote Written
65

Taller de Inglés Juan

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Taller de Inglés Juan

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INSTITUTO POLITECNICO AGROEMPRESARIAL

TITULO DEL TRABAJO: LEVES A0 INGLÉS

NOMBRE: JUAN ERNESTO GARAVITO PADILLA

TÉCNICO: LABORAL EN SEURIDAD Y SALUD EN

DOCENTE: SARA PERILLA

ZARZAL VALLE DEL CAUCA

OMAR GUALTEROS VILLARREAL

MARIA ALEJANDRA GUALTEROS ALVARADO

OLGA LUCIA ALVARADO OLARTE

GERARDO MARTIN ALVARADO OLARTE

LINA PAOLA RODRIGUEZ

Formal Introductions Long-time not Formal

Good May I introduce -Pleased to -What a pleasant -Nice to have

What’s up? -Nothing. you? It’s been ages

Exercise 1: complete the following dialog:

S1: Hello, my name is Luisa. What about you?

S2: Hi Luisa. I’m [Name]. How are you?

S1: I’m good, thanks. And you?

S2: I'm good, nice to meet you.

S1: Likewise, I gotta go.

Dialog 2: Informal Greetings

Participants: Alex (A), Emily (E), and Chris (C)

A: Hey Emily! How's it going?

E: Agreed! Let's dive in.

Pronunciation of each letter of the alphabet into the box below:

Spell your first name: Es/e/be/a/ese/te/i/a/ene

Spell the name of your street: ce/a/erre/erre/e/erre/a

Spell your teacher’s name: ese/a/erre/a/pe/e/erre/i/ele/ele/a

Spell your surname: a/eme/a/erre/i/ele/e/ese

Spell the name of your city: eme/e/de/e/ele/ele/i/ene

Spell your nationality: ce/o/ele/o/eme/be/i/a

Spell your mother’s favourite colour: a/zeta/u/ele

Spell your favourite sport: efe/u/te/be/o/ele

Spell your favourite subject: a/eme/o/erre

Exercise 2: Write in your notebook about your family.

Examples: My mother’s name is Ana

Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52

Exercise 2: Fill in each blank with

Exercise1: Read and color.

Exercise 2: Asking About Favorite Color

Airport /èrport/ Bus Stop /bás stop/ Cemetery /cèmeteri/

Park /park/ Stadium /stèdiam/ University /yuniversití/

Apartment /apárment/ b Restaurant /restórant/ Shopping Centre /shóping centèr/

Supermarket / Supermarket/ Art Gallery /art galery/

Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52

Cinema /cinema/ Garage /gárach/ Gym /yím/

School /skúl/ Hotel /jotèl/ Pharmacy /fármaci/

Hospital /jóspitol/ Police Station /polís stèshon/ Library /laibrári/

Fire fighter hairdresser Doctor Dentist Cook

Pilot pastry chef mechanic waiter barber

Nurse painter Postman Gardener

Bartender bus driver receptionist farmer manager

Locksmith /loksmiz/ housekeeper /jáuskiper/ travel agent /travól eiyent/

Engineer /endginiar/ footballer /futbólar/ lawer /lóyar/ judge /yash/

Exercise 1: Practice the pronunciation of the images above.

ADJECTIVE PRONUN SPANISH OPPOSITE PRONUN SPANISH

Gigantic Young Rectangular

Black Africa Glass

Pronoun (subject): is any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper

Pronoun (object): is when a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a

Possessive Adjectives: They show to whom things belong.

Subject Spanish Object Spanish Possessive Spanish

I am a Teacher Juan knows me. My name is Camilo.

14. He is driving his new car. His car is a

19. They built their dream house. Their

21. The cat is playing with its toy. Its toy

22. The team celebrated its victory. Its

1. Katheryn is my friend; she is in my class.

1. Daniela is a talented artist.

1. Daniela isn't a lazy person.

1. Is Daniela a talented artist?

1. I usually go to school.

2. They visit us often.

3. You play basketball once a week.

4. Tom works every day.

5. He always tells us funny stories.

6. She never helps me with that!

7. Martha and Kevin swim twice a week.

8. In this club, people usually dance a lot.

9. Linda takes care of her sister.

10. John rarely leaves the country.

11. We live in the city most of the year.

12. Lorie travels to Paris every Sunday.

13. I bake cookies twice a month.

14. You always teach me new things.