Building Technology 1

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Terms in this set (145)

is a CIRCULAR ARRANGEMENT OF MEGALITHS

Cromlech
enclosing a dolmen or burial mound

-the most imposing megalith monument in existence.

Stonehenge -known as Dance of the Giants (12th cent.), Sarcen Circle
(Present)

Marble Primary building material during the Greek period.

Concrete Primary building material during the Roman period.

Cocrete Building materials during the modern period.

Steel
Glass

made the FIRST MODERN CONCRETE (hydraulic

John Smeaton cement) in 1756 by adding pebbles as course aggregate
and mixing powdered brick into cement.

Joseph Aspdin invented PORTLAND CEMENT in 1824.

invented REINFORCED CONCRETE in 1849 and

Joseph Monier
patented it in 1867.

Famous for his quote: "Deus Arquitectus Mundi.

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio Acquitectus secundus Deus". In english, "God is the
architect of the world, architects are second to God."

any construction laid in bricks, blocks or stones.

Masonry common materials: concrete block, clay tile, stone,
mortar, etc.

-used as cements to hold stonework together.

Asphalt -some was mixed with sand and used to pave streets
and palace floors.

-raw materials: limestone, clay, and sand.

-used in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, shingles, pipes,
Portland Cement
beams, etc.
-used as a modern mortar.

-world's most widely used construction material

Concrete -mixture of sand, aggregate, cement, and water.
-used in walls, as foundations, as mortar.

Building Technology 1
 -a common, pale-coulored, strong metal, with symbol
Iron Fe.
-used as a basic ingredient of steel.

CLASSIFICATION OF TREES:
-Generally broad DECIDUOUS trees; used to describe
Hardwoods
wood from angiosperm trees; eg: Ash, beach, maple,
cherry, etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF TREES:
Softwoods Generally needle leaved CONIFEROUS trees that bear
their seeds in cones; eg: Pine, birch, cypress.

term applied to the operations performed in preparing

Lumbering
wood for commercial purposes.

pieces of logs are transferred to an assembly area,

Skidding loaded to transport equipment which is carried out of
the forest to a sawmill.

process of sawing into smaller pieces after the branch is

Bucking
removed.

wind/cup shake cracks/breaks across annual rings of timber.

star shake series of heart shakes thus forming a STAR-LIKE manner.

WOOD DEFECTS:
dry rot the PRESENCE OF MOISTURE caused by fungi in
seasoned wood.

WOOD DEFECTS:
wet dry takes place sometimes in the growth of the tree caused
WATER SATURATION.

WOOD DEFECTS:
bow a CURVE along the face of a board that usually runs
FROM END TO END.

WOOD DEFECTS:
checking a CRACK in the wood structure of a piece usually
running LENGTHWISE.

WOOD DEFECTS:
crook WARPING along the edge from ONE END TO
ANOTHER.

WOOD DEFECTS:
twist WARPING where the ends TWIST IN OPPOSITE
DIRECTION.

WOOD DEFECTS:
cupping WARPING along the face of a board across the width of
the board.

Building Technology 1
 WOOD DEFECTS:
Wane The presence of bark or absence of wood on corners of
a piece of lumber.

WOOD DEFECTS:
blue stain
a DISCOLORATION that penetrates the wood fiber.

WOOD DEFECTS:
Machine burn
a DARKENING of the wood due to overheating.

WOOD DEFECTS:
pitch/ gum/ sap an accumulation RESINOUS MATERIAL on the surface or
in pockets below the surface of wood.

WOOD DEFECTS:
tight knot a knot fixed by growth or position in the wood structure
so that it firmly retains its place in the surrounding wood.

WOOD DEFECTS:
wormholes SMALL HOLES in the wood caused by insects and
beetles.

WOOD DEFECTS:
wood seasoning
drying of lumber.

METHODS IN SEASONING OF LUMBER:

Natural/ air seasoning process of stacking sawn timbers in a clean, dry place
using ATMOSPHERIC AIR AS DRYING AGENT.

METHODS IN SEASONING OF LUMBER:

Kiln drying lumber PLACED IN A CHAMBER where airflow,
temperature, and humidity are controlled.

Forced air drying used for boosting the circulation of air.

Radio frequency dielectric using radio frequency dielectric heat.

drying

TREATMENT OF TIMBER with certain chemicals that are

Wood preservation
poisonous to the fungi, insects that attact it.

-Physical 2 types of preservatives for wood

-Chemical

METHODS OF PRESERVATION:
external processing COATING wood with preservative chemicals penetrating
the fibers of the wood.

METHODS OF PRESERVATION:
internal processing a chemical compound is IMPREGNATED at prescribe
pressure to permeate the wood thoroughly.

an engineering discipline comprising the production of

Wood processing forest products, such as pulp, paper, construction
materials, and tall oil.
Building Technology 1
 term applied to wood for use as a material for
Lumber
construction.

term pertaining to the operations made in preparing

Lumbering
wood for commercial purposes.

the art and craft of making and constructing objects out

Carpentry
of wood.

Wooden post 3 major components of carpentry

Wooden floor system
Roof system

Joinery the art of joint making.

form deep within the earth when the heat and pressure
Metamorphic rocks
are applied to either igneous or sedimentary rock.

it is formed by SEDIMENTATION of material at the

Sedimentary rocks
Earth's surface and within bodies of water.

Body Components of paints

Vehicle
Pigment

Plate glass Types of Glass

Float glass
Sheet glass

Slump test Concrete Testing Methods

Compressive test
Core test

Integrally pigmented finish Types of Concrete Finishes

Screeded trowelled
Swirl
Broomed
Burlap drag
Travertine and rock salt
Stamped
Exposed aggregate
Form board
Form liner plastics
Dimpled

Expanded shale Types of Aggregates

Expanded slate
Porlite
Vermiculite

Building Technology 1
Animal glue Types of Adhesive
Cellulose cement
Chlorinated (rubber)
adhesive
Natural rubber cement
Casein glue

A kind of glue made from PROTEIN MATERIAL; DRY

POWDER mixed with water; has good bonding
Casein glue
properties for wood to wood or paper to wood
application.

Any substance other than cement, water or aggregate,

admixture/ additive added to the concrete or mortar mix to alter its
properties or those of the hardened product

An additive which improves the denseness of concrete

Concrete hardener surface which are subjected to rolling live loads and
impact.

That solid, finely ground material which gives paint the

Body
power to hide, as well as color the surface.

A paint defect characterized by progressive powdering

Chalking
from the surface inward.

Any paint or varnish drying to a smooth, hard, usually

enamel
glossy finish.

A varnish made from natural resin or exudations from

Natural resin
living trees.

A type of concrete having mortar with LARGE AMOUNT

ferrocement OF LIGHT GAUGE is used; it is used in bins, boat hulls
and other thin complex shapes

A type of concrete using REINFORCING BARS (plain or

Reinforced concrete
deformed) and MATS as primary reinforcement.

Integrally pigmented A type of concrete finish in which COLORING AGENTS

concrete are added to the mixture.

A concrete finish using proprietary aluminum tools to

Stamped concrete imprint various patterns in freshly placed horizontal
concrete surface.

Any of the various hard inert mineral material, such as

aggregate sand and gravel, added to a cement paste to make
concrete or mortar.

Finishing material used on wood surfaces, particularly

fillers those with open grains, to till the pores and provide
perfectly smooth, uniform surface for varnish or lacquer.

Building Technology 1
 A liquid glue having excellent bonding property with
Animal glue paper or glass and reasonably good bond with wood or
metal.

A type of paint which RETARDS THE PASSAGE OF FIRE

Fire retardant
to the surface beneath them.

A type of paint using alkyd in the formulation. It has a

Alkyd paint
mild alkali resistance but excellent water resistance.

pigment Paint component which GIVES ITS COLOR.

An incomplete form of peeling where the paint cracks

alligatoring
into large segments

thinner Volatile solvents used to cause paint to flow better.

concrete having density of Normal weight concrete

135-165 lbs/cu.ft.,
compressive strength from
2,000psi - over 8,000psi.

A method of determining the consistency and

Slump test workability of freshly mixed concrete by measuring the
slump of a test specimen.

A test for determing the compressive of a concrete

Compressive test
batch, using a hydraulic press.

A term used to describe mortar or concrete placed by

Shotcrete
high velocity compressed air that adheres to the surface.

type of concrete wherein monomer or polymer is added

Polymer-portland cement to freshly mixed concrete and subsequently allowed to
cure.

Concrete characterized by textured patterns through the

sandglass
use of templates.

Concrete cast over a bed of crushed stone or gravel

Dimpled concrete aggregate against a polyethylene sheet between them
to prevent bonding.

vermiculite Mica expanded by heat into very light wormlike threads.

A strong lightweight aggregate obtained by exfoliation

Expanded shale/clay
of clay or shale

Polished plate glass which is heat strengthened and

Vitreous colored glass coated on one side with vitreous color which is fire
fused to the surface.

Acoustical glass Laminated or insulating glass used for sound control.

A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass

Insulating glass
separated by hermetically sealed air spaces.

Building Technology 1
 A hard brittle usually transparent or translucent
glass substance, produced by fusing silica together with a flux
and a stabilizer.

This is made of two sheets or plate or sheet glass

Laminated safety glass
bounded by a thin tough layer of polyvinyl butyral resin.

A flat soda lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth and

Plate glass
nearly distortion free.

A rolled glass in which wire mesh is inserted during the

Wired glass
process of manufacture.

An old form of window glass formed by blowing and

Crown glass
whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a flat circular disc.

A translucent hollow block of glass with clear, textured

Glass block
or patterned faces

A type of glass made by reheating and suddenly cooling

Tempered plate glass
plate glass.

The property of a material that ENABLES IT TO DEFORM

Elasticity
in response to an applied force.

The change in length or volume which a material or

Thermal Expansion
body undergoes while being heated.

The resistance of a material to deformation by

Hardness
compression or indentation.

The degree of which a surface such as porcelain, enamel

Acid resistance property
will resist attack by acid.

The ease with which a fresh concrete can be molded or

Workability
deformed.

The property of a material that enables it to retain its

Weatherability appearance and integrity when exposed to sun, wind,
moisture, etc.

The property of a material to be stretched or deformed

ductility
without fracturing.

The property of a metal allows it to be deformed by

malleability
extrusion, forging, rolling without breaking.

A property possessed by materials or objects of

Sound absorption
absorbing sound energy.

Abrasion resistance The property of a material that enables it to resist being

property worn away by friction when rubbed with another object.

The central core of the log which is composed of

Hearthwood
inactive cells.

A kind of rough lumber which is cut tangent to the

Building Technology 1annual rings of the wood, running full length of the log.
slab
 The process of growing timber crops of the better and
serviculture
more valuable species through scientific forestry

A non-veneered wood panel product made by bonding

Particle board
small wood particles under heat and pressure.

A wood panel product made by bonding veneers

plywood
together under heat and pressure.

A type of grain where the direction of the wood fibers

Straight grained are nearly parallel with the sides and edges of the
board.

The tough, fibrous cellular substance that makes up most

wood
of the stem and branches of trees beneath the bark.

These are inside growing trees. These kind of trees are

endogenous
preferred for lumbering.

A wood defect which is caused by the attack of fungi

decay
and microorganisms.

Rough lumber A term applied to undressed or unplaned lumber.

A building material made of wood or other plant fibers

fiberboard
compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.

A non-veneered panel product composed of large, thin,

waferboard wood-flakes bonded under heat and pressure with a
waterproof adhesive.

A structural lumber product made by bonding long,

Parallel strand lumber narrow wood strands together under heat and pressure
using a waterproof adhesive

Plank A wide piece of lumber with thickness ranging from 2"-5".

A type of dimension lumber having a width of 4" and

decking
wider.

A classification of lumber and with thickness of 2"-4" and

Dimension lumber
a width of 2".

These are planed or dressed lumber with two sides

s2s
smooth or planed.

These are outward growing trees which are most

exogenous
preferred for lumbering.

A hard brittle non-malleable iron based alloy containing

Cast iron
2.0%-4.5% carbon and 0.5%-3% silicon.

Medium steel A carbon steel containing 0.25%-0.45% carbon.

Ferrous metals A metal containing iron as a principal element.

A ductile, crystalline, bluish white metallic element, used

zinc
Building Technology 1for galvanizing iron and steel and in making other alloys.
 An alloy containing a minimum of 12% chromium,
Stainless steel sometimes with nickel, manganese, or molybdenum as
additional alloying element.

A lustrous, low-melting, bluish white metallic element

lead
that is malleable and ductile at ordinary temperatures

Crude iron that is drawn from a blast furnace and cast

Pig iron
into pigs

Any class of elementary substances as gold, silver or

copper, all of which are crystalline when solid and many
metals
of which are characterized by opacity, ductility,
conductivity and a unique luster when freshly fractured.

A tough malleable, relatively soft iron; readily forged

Wrought iron and welded, having a fibrous structure, containing ≈ 0.2%
carbon and a small amount of uniformly distributed slag.

Ordinary unalloyed steel in which the residual elements

Carbon steel such as carbon, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur and
silicon are controlled.

A metamorphic rock of crystallized limestone, consisting

Marble
mainly of calcite and dolomite.

A very hard, coarse-grained igneous rock, composed

granite
mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica.

A limestone composed of small, round, calcerous grains

oolite/ egg stone
resembling fish roe.

A sedimentary rock formed chiefly by the accumulation

limestone
of organic remains, as shells and corals.

A dense, fine-grained, metamorphic rock formed by the

slate
compression of various sediments, as clay and shale.

dolomite A limestone rich in magnesium and carbonate.

A compact, granular metamorphic rock consisting

quartzite
essentially of quartz, derived from sandstone.

A massive, soft rock, containing a high proportion of

soapstone
talc; Also called steatite.

A banded or foliated metamorphic rock corresponding

gneiss
in composition to granite.

travertine A variety of limestone deposited by spring waters.

A sedimentary rock consisting of sand, usually quartz,

sandstone cemented together by various substances, as silica, clay
or calcium carbonate.

Building stone Any stone suitable for use in building construction.