APU ( LHS VIEW )

APU ( RHS VIEW )

 SPECIFICATIONS /
LIMITATIONS

APU : TG- 16M

PURPOSE : FOR STARTING AI-20 D SERIES 5

ENGINE (GIVES20 – 60V DC VARIABLE
VOLTAGE)

: FOR FEEDING AIRCRAFT MAINS

( 27 V DC )
 DIMENSIONS : TG – 16M

LENGTH : 1580 ± 8 MM

MAXIMUM DIAMETER : 670 MM

WIDTH : 575 MM
DIMENSIONS : TG – 16M contd..

DRY WEIGHT : 190 KG ( WITH PROTECTIVE RING)

: 170 KG (W/O PROTECTIVE RING)

NOTE : PROTECTIVE RING IS USED FOR

PROTECTING THE A/C NACELLE
FROM DAMAGE BY TURBINE
BLADES WHICH FLY OFF DUE TO
HIGH SPEED.
 ENGINE
NAME : GTD 16 M
TYPE : GAS TURBINE
DOR (VFR) : CLOCKWISE
POWER : 95 –100 HP
( 18 KW- FEEDING A/C MAIN )
( 56-60 KW FOR A/C
STARTING )
MAX HEIGHT FOR USE : 4.5 KM
DURATION OF CONTINUOUS
OPERATION : 60 MIN
ACCELERATION TIME : 30 SECS ( MAX )
RDT : 20 SECS ( MIN )
 OPERATING TEMPERATURE

AT O KM ALTITUDE : -60 TO +60° C

AT 4.5 KM ALTITUDE : -60 TO +30° C

NOTE: THE GTD-16M ENGINE SHOULD BE

PREHEATED BEFORE STARTING IF
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS –25°C AND
BELOW.
 APU ENGINE RPM LIMITATIONS

OVER SPEEDING
ELEVATION IN RPM OFF RPM ON
DURING APU
KM LOAD LOAD
STARTING

0- 2 93 – 96% 90 – 96% 100%

2- 4.5 93 – 97% 91.5 - 97% 102%

UNDER SPEEDING ON LOAD CONDITION :82 ± 2 %

OVER SPEEDING AT WHICH SET CUTS OFF :106 ± 2%
 APU ENGINE EGT

ELEVATION DURING APU DURING

IN KM STARTING AI-20D STARTING

750°C
0- 2 850°C
OVER TEMP
790°C
SHORT
900°C FOR
2 - 4.5 OVER TEMP
(MAX 3 SECS)
820°C (FOR 6 SEC
MAX)
 APU COOLING TIME

• AFTER 1 GP OF START : 15 MI

(8 STARTS OF AI 20 D ENGINE)

• AFTER 2 GP OF START : 60 MIN (MIN)

NOTE :

INTERVAL AFTER 1,2&3 : 15 SEC

INTERVAL AFTER 4,5,6&7 : 120 SEC

IN 1 GP OF AI 20 D ENGINE

CONTINIOUS OPERATION : 19-30 MIN

SUB ASSEMBLIES OF APU ENGINE
• RG CASING.
• COMPRESSOR CASING .
• ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBER.
• TURBINE CASING.
• ROTOR ASSY.
• SINGLE STAGE CENTRIFUGALCOMPRESSOR
COMPRESSION RATIO. 1 : 2.97
• SINGLE STAGE AXIAL FLOW TURBINE.
• EXHAUST BRANCH PIPE.
APU R.H.S VIEW
 COMPONENTS ON RG-CASING

STARTER GENERATOR (GS-24A-3S).

SPEED INDICATOR (SOD-1).
TACHO-GENERATOR.
 HIGH ENERGY IGNITION UNIT(QTY-2).
 CENTRIFUGAL BREATHER.
 OIL PUMP ( ONE PRESSURE SECTION& ONE SCAVANGE
SECTION).
 FUEL PUMP REGULATOR.
 NOTE: RG CASING MATERIAL : Mg ALLOY
… CONTD
COMPONENTS ON RG-CASING

• OIL TANK.
• FOAM SUPRESSOR.
• TWO MOUNTING BRACKETS.
• LIFTING LUG.
• PRESSURE SWITCHE.
 COMPRESSOR CASING

STEEL
VANE (5)

RADIAL
VANE
DIFFUSER

NOTE: OUT OF 24 VANES 5 ARE OF STEEL FOR ADDITIONAL LOAD BEARING

 COMPONENTS ON
COMPRESSOR CASING
• ZERO SECOND ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE.
• 5 TO 25 SEC ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE.
• 8TH SEC ELECTO MAGNETIC VALVE.
• 9 TO 17TH SEC EMV WITH STARTING VALVE.
• ONE MOUNTING BRACKET .
• FUEL FILTER HOUSING .
• PERMANENT PRESSURE VALVE.
NOTE: COMPRESSOR CASING MATERIAL :
MANGANESE ALLOY CASTING
COMPRESSOR : SINGLE ENTRY CENTRIFUGAL TYPE.
 PURPOSE OF FOUR
DUCTS IN THE
COMPRESSOR CASING
• TO SUPPLY OIL TO COMPRESSOR AND TURBINE
BEARINGS .
• TO SCAVANGE THE OIL FROM COMPRESSOR
AND TURBINE BEARINGS .
• TO SUPPLY COMPRESSED AIR FOR LABYRINTH
SEALING .
• TO BREATH OUT COMPRESSOR AND TURBINE
BEARING .
 ROTOR ASSEMBLY
•TURBINE: HIGH ALLOY STEEL
TURBINE
•BLADES: HEAT RESISTANT
ALLOY STEEL
•36 FIR TREE GROOVES FOR
BLADES
•COMPRESSOR: Al ALLOY
•3 HOLES IN THE
COMPRESSOR DISC TO
REDUCE AXIAL FORCES
•16 RADIAL VANES ON
COMPRESSOR DISC

COMPRESSOR
DISC

ROTOR SHAFT
 COMBUSTION CHAMBER
TELESCOPIC
STREAMLINE
PILLAR (QTY:3)

INNER
CASING

OUTER
CASING

FLOATING TYPE
BUSHING FOR MOUNTING FLANGE
FUEL BURNERS FOR TORCH
(QTY:5) IGNITERS(QTY:2)

NOTE: MATERIAL - HEAT RESISTANT STEEL

 TURBINE CASING
MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL

FLANGE FOR
ATTACHING EXHAUST
BRANCH PIPE

• SHROUD RING IS IN 12 PIECES.

THEY ARE LAP JOINED TO
CATER FOR EXPANSION

BURNERS

FLANGE WELDED TO
COMBUSTION CHAMBER

FUEL MANIFOLD
 EXHAUST BRANCH PIPE

EGT TAPPING

FRONT
FLANGE

S ING
L CA
A
E RN EXTERNAL
INT CASING

REAR END

WEBS
 ENGINE ROTOR TG-16M

TURBINE
BALL
BEARING

ROLLER COMPRESSOR
BEARING

2 ROLLER AND 1BALL BEARING FOR COMPRESSOR & TURBINE SHAFT SUPPORT
 FUEL SYSTEM
• FUEL : ATF K-50

• FUEL CONSUMPTION: 120 KG/HR (MAX)

• STARTING FUEL PR : 4.5 + 0.3KG/CM².

• MAIN FUEL PR : 24 KG/CM²

• FUEL SUPPLY : FROM STBD SERVICE GP

 FUEL SYSTEM
• FUEL : ATF K-50
• FUEL CONSUMPTION : 120 KG/HR (MAX)
• STARTING FUEL PRESSURE : 4.5 + 0.3KG/CM².
• MAIN FUEL PRESSURE : 24 KG/CM²
• FUEL SUPPLY : FROM STBD SERVICE
GROUP AT A PRESSURE OF
0.6 TO 0.8 KG/CM²
• PR. AT WHICH STARTING VALVE STARTS BY PASSING
: 1+0.2 KG/CM²
• PERMANENT BYPASS VALVE STARTS BY PASSING FUEL

1.5±0.1 KG/CM²
 FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• FUEL SHUT OFF VALVE
• FUEL FILTER .
• ‘O’ SEC EMV .
• FUEL PUMP .
• 5- 25 SEC EMV.
• PERMANENT PRESSURE VAVLE.
• STARTING FUEL MANIFOLD WITH TWO TORCH IGNITORS.
• ‘8 SEC EMV.
• ‘9- 17 SEC EMV.
• MAIN FUEL MANIFOLD WITH FIVE BURNERS.
FUEL PUMP REGULATOR
 APU FUEL SYSTEM

PPV
FILTER 0’SEC
EMV

5-25
9-17 SEC SEC DRAIN
EMV EMV COCK
TORCH IGNITORS DRAINAGE

8’SEC
BURNERS
EMV

MAIN FUEL MANIFOLD

FUEL
PUMP
 FUEL PUMP REGULATOR
CENTRIFUGAL
PERMANENT BY-PASS REGULATOR SCREW
VALVE SCREW

PRESSURE REDUCING
VALVE SCREW
 APU - SCREW ADJUSTMENTS

WORKING SPEED
• SCREW NO. 3 OF FUEL PUMP REGULATOR.
• SCREWING IN WILL INCREASE THE RPM.
• ONE CLICK CHANGES THE SPEED BY 0.83%.
• MAXIMUM 10 CLICKS EITHER SIDE PERMISSIBLE FROM
MANUFACTURER’S SETTING.

NOTE:
THE SCREW SHOULD BE TURNED TWO CLICKS AT A TIME
IF THE SET SPEED DOES NOT CHANGE AFTER ADJUSTING 4
CLICKS THEN BRING THE SCREW TO ORIGINAL POSITION
AND INSPECT THE APU FUEL FILTER AND OPERATION OF
ELECTRO MAGNETIC VALVE OF THE STARTING VALVE.
 MAXIMUM FUEL CONSUMPTION

• SCREW NO 2 OF FUEL PUMP REGULATOR .

• SCREWING IN WILL INCREASE THE FUEL

SUPPLY & VICE –VERSA.

• TWO CLICKS AT A TIME IN EITHER DIRECTION

TO MAXIMUM LIMIT OF 4 CLICKS PERMISSIBLE.
 ACCELERATION TIME

• SCREW NO 1 OF STARTING VALVE.

• SCREWING IN WILL INCREASE THE ACCELERATION

TIME.

• TWO CLICK IN EITHER DIRECTION IS PERMISSIBLE.

STARTING VALVE

CAP OF STARTING VALVE

SCREW
 APU OIL SYSTEM

• TYPE OF OIL : OX-27.

• SYSTEM CAPACITY : 5.5 LTRS.
• TANK CAPACITY : 3.5 LTRS.
• FILLING CAPACITY : 2 - 2.5 LTRS.
• OIL CONSUMPTION : 1.2
KG/HR(MAX)
• NORMAL OIL PRESSURE LT COMES AT
: 3.5
KG/CM².
• NORMAL OIL PRESSURE : 4.5- 5.5
KG/CM².
 OIL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• OIL TANK.
• OIL PUMP – PR. 4.5 TO 5.5 KG/CM².
• OIL FILTER – DISC TYPE.
• PRESSURE SWITCH.
• CENTRIFUGAL BREATHER.
• FOAM SUPPRESSOR.
• CHECK VALVE .

• PIPE LINES.
 PR S/W

FUEL
PUMP
REGULATOR

DC Check
valve
RG
CASING OIL TANK
COMP.TURB
BEARING FILTER CF
PRV BTHR

PUMP

FOAM SUPPSR

APU OIL SYSTEM

 OIL PUMP

OIL FILTER

PRESSURE REDUCING
VALVE SCREW
 OIL PRESSURE
• SCREW NO 1 OF OIL PUMP AFTER WARMING
UP THE SET UNDER NO LOAD CONDITION.
• TWO MINUTES PRIOR TO ADJUSTMENT,
CONNECT A PRESSURE GAUGE TO THE SLEEVE
ON DISTRIBUTION COLUMN.
• SCREWING IN WILL INCREASE THE OIL
PRESSURE.
• ONE REVOLUTION OF THE SCREW WILL
GIVE A DIFFERENCE OF 0.3 KG/CM².
 TROUBLE SHOOTING
POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY

APU NOT STARTING CRANK THE APU

• IN SUFFICIENT ACCELERATION OF
SET BY STARTER GENERATOR
• THE SPEED SHOULD BE MINIMUM
21.5%
• MAKE SURE 600AMP FUSE IN THE
STARTING CIRCUIT IS
SERVICEABLE
• CHECK BATTERY VOLTAGE. IT
SHOULD BE 24 VOLT
• CHECK THE VOLTAGE ON THE
TERMINAL OF STARTER
GENERATOR, IT SHOULD NOT BE
LESS THAN 10 VOLT AT THE
BEGINNING OF THE STARTING
 TROUBLE SHOOTING
POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY

APU NOT STARTING

• IN SUFFICIENT FUEL FED TO
SPRAY NOZZLE OR BURNERS
• TROUBLE IN THE IGNITION
SYSTEM
• MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS NO
FUEL LEAK FROM THE PIPE
LINES
• MAKE SURE THAT THE FUEL
FILTERS ARE CLEANED
• CHECK THE FUEL FLOW TO APU
AND BURNERS BY
DISCONNECTING FUEL FEED PIPE
LINES FROM 8 SECOND
ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE AND
BURNER RING
• CHECK THE BATTERY VOLTAGE
CHECK THE SERVICEABILITY OF
TORCH IGNITORS
 TROUBLE SHOOTING

POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY

•SLOW ACCELERATION TO WORKING
SPEED
• STARTING VALVE ADJUSTMENT. • CARRY OUT ADJUSTMENT ON
SCREW NO 1 OF THE STARTING
VALVE.
SPONTANEOUS SHUT DOWN OF APU

• MALFUNCTION OF SOD – 1 UNIT . • REPLACE THE UNIT.

HIGH OR LOW WORKING SPEED

• IMPROPER ADJUSTMENT OF • CARRY OUT ADJUSTMENT OF
SCREW NO 3 OF FUEL PUMP SCREW NO 3 AND CHECK THE
REGULATOR. SPEED.
 TROUBLE SHOOTING
POSSIBLE CAUSE
DROP IN RPM WITH RISE IN EGT ON
LOAD
• FUEL FILTERS CLOGGED.
• INSUFFICIENT FUEL FEED BY
PUMP REGULATOR.
• INSUFFICIENT FUEL SUPPLY IN
AI 20 D ENGINE.
REMEDY
• REMOVE AND CLEAN THE
FILTERS.
• ADJUST FUEL FLOW BY SCREW
NO 2 OF PUMP REGULATOR.
• ADJUST THE FUEL SUPPLY BY
SCREW PROVIDED ON FCU.