STUDENT:

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Molly Mercer’s __________ ____ ____ 2006 Nurse Key ____ The study of parental role attainment is complex because of the many Intro
Meighan Becoming a factors and processes influencing its achievement. Lists factors that
Mother have been identified as having a direct effect on the maternal role.
Theory in Despite the efforts of researchers to identify and study these and
Nursing other factors, an understanding of the transition to the parental role
Practice remains elusive. Research with women in this process has been
beneficial, improving the nursing care of families in a wide variety of
settings. Mercer is among the researchers contributing most to
understanding this process. She continued to develop and refine her
theory based on additional research.

Mercer not only relied on the previous works of Rubin but also based Theory
her research on both role and developmental theories. In addition, she
selected study variables from an extensive review of the literature,
borrowed from several disciplines, and used a variety of research
tools. Her studies served as the platform for the design and
development of her Theory of Maternal Role Attainment. Many of
the assumptions, definitions, and concepts are based on Rubin’s
work, transition theories, and the role theories of Thorton and Nardi
(1975). Four stages of maternal role attainment adapted from Thorton
and Nardi (1975)—anticipatory, formal (role-taking), informal (role-
making), and personal (role identity)—are part of Mercer’s
(1979, 1981, 1985a, 1986, 1990) theory. Table 17-2lists and
describes these stages. The anticipatory stage is closely related to
Rubin’s cognitive operations and fantasy stages (Rubin, 1967a,b),
which included the mother’s acceptance of the fetus as a separate
individual and fantasizing about the new baby. Mercer’s definition of
the anticipatory stage included the initial social and psychological
adjustments to pregnancy.
 Journal Reference
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Gillian --------- Questionnai 19 9 2019 Oct 3 PubMed 15 Objectives: To assess the views of women after a first Abstract
Ryan re survey on 10.11 caesarean section (CS) on their birth experience, preference
women's 36/ for future mode of birth and willingness to participate in a
Kate C O views after a bmjo randomised controlled trial on mode of birth in a future
Doherty first pen- pregnancy.
caesarean 2019-
Declan delivery in 0317 Design and Settings: Questionnaire survey. Two tertiary
Devane two tertiary 66 maternity centres Ireland, Galway University Hospital,
centers in Galwayand the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin.
John Ireland and
Morrison their Methods: Eligible women consented to participate, and
preference postal surveys were forwarded. Results were collected and
for analyzed. Results were compared between women who had
involvement elective operations and women who had emergency
in a future operations.
randomized
trial on Primary outcome measures: The satisfaction levels of
mode of women after a first caesarean, their preference for mode of
birth birth in a future pregnancy and their willingness to
participate in a randomised trial on mode of birth.
Results: There were 347 completed surveys of 633 women
who consented to participate (54.8%), of whom 285 and 62
had emergency and elective caesarean deliveries,
respectively. In general, satisfaction ratings with the delivery
were greater than 90%, with similar levels of satisfaction
with the care received from doctors and midwives. Women
who an emergency procedure expressed lower satisfaction
levels with the information about the caesarean and the
debriefing received afterwards than women who had a
planned operation (p<0.05). For future mode of birth, 39.5%
expressed a preference for vaginal birth after caesarean
(VBAC) in a subsequent pregnancy, and 80% said they
 would consider involvement in a randomised trial in a future
pregnancy.

Conclusion: Debriefing and counselling women after a CS

is an important part of pregnancy care and can significantly
impact on a woman's overall birth experience. A significant
proportion of this cohort considered VBAC as a future birth
option. These data indicate that a randomised trial on mode
of birth after caesarean would be viewed positively by
women in our population.

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Risking the Volume 2 Washingto 1987 10.1 In summary, the research findings received here Summa
Sandra L. National -------------- n (DC): 7226/ 3-570 suggest that sexual activity is generally not ry
Hofferth, C Research Future: National 946 isolated behavior. Adolescents who are sexually
heryl D. Council Adolescent Academie active are also more likely to be involved in other
Hayes (US) Sexuality, s Press behavior that is consider not appropriate in such as
Panel on smoking, alcohol, use of drugs and delinquency
Pregnancy, and
Adolesce suggest that this behavior may reflect lifestyle.
nt Childbearing, Clearly is more work is needed in this area to be
Pregnanc Volume II: understand. Additional study of this enter
y and relationships should further early understanding in
Working Papers
Childbear sexual behavior of adolescents. Including early
ing and Statistical sexual activities may be serving similar
Appendices psychological and social functions. The answers of
this questions may have some implications more
on for prevention and intervention program.
Prevention programs aimed widening teen-agers
aspiration to future, increasing social and
interpersonal skills and involving them in school
and community activities. Conversely, prevention
and intervention attempts aimed to one specific
outcome may had the intended result of increased
 involvement in undesired behavior. This
intervention/prevention efforts would have
theoretical and practical significance and could be
used to test whether different adolescent behavior
stem in the same psychological and social causes.
We still much have to learn about how this
adolescent behavior interrelate and what function
they serve to learn from their adolescent
development.

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Kusuma ______ EDUCATIO 2 1 2022 Nurse and _____ https: Background: Caesarean section surgery is a delivery Abstract
Wijaya N LEVEL, Holistic // procedure performed for mothers who want to give birth
Ridi Putra AGE, Care doi.or with complications. The recovery process from caesarean
CAESARE g/ section surgery will vary from one person to another. Several
Riesmiyati AN 10.33 factors can affect the recovery duration of caesarean section
ningdyah SECTION 086/ surgery, including education level, age, history of caesarean
SURGERY nhc.v section surgery, motivation given by health workers, early
Risti Puji 2i1.2 mobilization provided by health workers, and others.
HISTORY,
Listari 882
AND
Meli RECOVER Objective: This study aimed to analyses the relationship
Diana Y between education level, age, history of caesarean section
DURATION surgery, and recovery duration of post-operative caesarean
Chanandc IN POST- section surgery.
hidadussa OPERATIV
dee E Methods: The research design used is descriptive-analytic
Toonsiri CAESARE research with a cross-sectional approach. This research was
AN carried out from May 5, 2021, until June 15, 2021, in the
SECTION Recovery Room of the General Hospital of Jasem, Sidoarjo.
PATIENTS The sampling technique used is incidental sampling, so the
number of respondents obtained in this study is 50. The
research instrument used was medical records to determine
the level of education, age and history of caesarean section
 surgery. In addition, the researchers also used the Bromage
Scale to evaluate the duration of recovery from post-
operative caesarean section surgery. The statistical test used
was the Spearmen Rho test with a significance level of < .05
using SPSS 21.

Conclusion: This study found that health workers are

expected to consider age and history of caesarean section
surgery in the recovery process of post-operative caesarean
section surgery patients.

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M.R.J. Sury The state __________ 113 4 2014 Aug 7 British 10.1 Background: Details of current UK anaesthetic practice are Abstract
of UK Journal 093/ unknown and were needed for interpretation of reports of
J.H.M.G anesthesi of bja/ accidental awareness during general anaesthesia (GA) within
Palmer a: a Anesthesi aeu2 the 5th National Audit Project.
survey of a 92
T.M. Cook National Methods: We surveyed NHS anaesthetic activity to determine
J.J. Pandit Health numbers of patients managed by anaesthetists and details of
Service 'who, when, what, and where': activity included GA, local
activity in anaesthesia, sedation, or patients managed awake. Anaesthetists
2013 in NHS hospitals collected data on all patients for 2 days.
Scaling enabled estimation of annual activity.

Results: Hospital response rate was 100% with 20,400 returns.

The median return rate within departments was 98% (inter-
quartile range 0.95-1). Annual numbers (% of total) of general
anaesthetics, sedation, and awake cases were 2,766,600
(76.9%), 308,800 (8.6%), and 523,100 (14.5%), respectively. A
consultant or career grade anaesthetist was present in more than
87% of cases. Emergency cases accounted for 23.1% of
workload, 75% of which were undertaken out of hours.
Specialties with the largest workload were orthopaedics/trauma
 (22.1%), general surgery (16.1%), and gynaecology (9.6%):
6.2% of cases were non-surgical. The survey data describe: who
anaesthetized patients according to time of day, urgency, and
ASA grade; when anaesthesia took place by day and by
weekday; the distribution of patient types, techniques, and
monitoring; where patients were anaesthetized. Nine patients
out of 15 460 receiving GA died intraoperatively.

Conclusions: Anaesthesia in the UK is currently predominantly

a consultant-delivered service. The low mortality rate supports
the safety of UK anaesthetic care. The survey data should be
valuable for planning and monitoring anaesthesia services.

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J. Manlove The __________ 8 2 April _______ 10.1 PIP: Data from the US National Education Longitudinal Study Abstract
influence 1,1998 207/ of 1988 were used to model the influence of dropping out of
of high s153 school on school-age pregnancy. This cohort, in grade 8 in
school 2779 1988, was reinterviewed in 1990, 1992, and 1994. 822 teens
dropout 5jra0 (13.3%) --20.1% of Hispanics, 10.1% of Whites, and 25.1% of
and 802_ Blacks--in this cohort had school-age pregnancies leading to
school 2 live births and 60% of these teens dropped out at some point
disengage between grades 8-12. 28.2% dropped out before pregnancy and
ment on an additional 30.3% left school after pregnancy. A significantly
the risk of higher proportion of Hispanic teens than White and Black teens
school- dropped out at any point (68.7%, 59.6%, and 50.3%,
age respectively). 47.6% of Hispanic dropouts, 33.0% of Black
pregnanc dropouts, and 34.3% of White dropouts had subsequent teen
y pregnancies. In a proportional hazards model, prior high school
dropout status had a significant effect on the risk of school-age
pregnancy among Hispanic and White teens, after controlling
for family, individual, and school and classroom characteristics.
Prior dropout status was not significantly related to the risk of
pregnancy among Black teens, however. Overall, these findings
suggest that part of the reason that teen mothers ultimately have
lower educational levels may be due to their disengagement
 from school prior to pregnancy. Teen pregnancy prevention
programs should consider the role of schools in helping
adolescents to develop future aspirations and motivation to
avoid early pregnancy.

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___________ Theories PERINATA ____ _____ _________ Studocu ____
related to L NURSING The primary concept of this theory is the developmental and Intro
maternal interactional process, which occurs over a period of time. In the
and child process, the mother bonds with the infant, acquires competence
nursing in general caretaking tasks, and then comes to express joy and
pleasure in her role as a mother.

The Maternal Role Attainment Theory was developed to serve Theory

as a framework for nurses to provide appropriate health care
interventions for nontraditional mothers in order for them to
develop a strong maternal identity. This mid-range theory can
be used throughout pregnancy and postnatal care, but is also
beneûcial for adoptive or foster mothers, or others who and
themselves in the maternal role unexpectedly. The process used
in this nursing model helps the mother develop an attachment to
the infant, which in turn helps the infant form a bond with the
mother. This helps develop the mother-child relationship as the
infant grows.

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________ ___________ ____ ____ _________ ____ ____  Identify yourself and set the respondent at ease.
National  The respondent’s reaction often mirrors that of the Tips on
Tools Center for interviewer. The respondent will know if you are Interviewing
 Post- uncertain and uneasy. Your pleasant, positive, well- and
for secondary informed approach will be reflected in the Hallmarks of
Qualita Emprovem interviewees readiness to respond. an Interview
tive ent  If you want longer and detailed responses, reinforce
Resear those kinds of answers—say, “Yes,” “Okay,” or “I
chers: see,” or nod. Using similar reinforcers for
Intervi unresponsive answers gives the wrong signal; save
ews them for responsive answers.
 To teach and motivate the respondent, use feedback
expressions like these: “Thanks, this is the sort of
information we’re looking for in this research.” “it’s
important to us to get this information.” “These
details are helpful.” “It’s useful to get your ideas
(your opinion) on this.” “I see; that’s useful
information.” “Let me get that down.”
 Master the probe: repeat the question; give an
expectant pause (an expectant look or nod of the
head); possibly repeat, summarize, or reflect the
feeling tone of the reply. Say: “Anything else?”
“How do you mean?” “Could you tell me more about
it?” “I’m not sure I know what you mean by that
(bewildered look).” “Could you tell me a little bit
more?” However, don’t overuse these, or the
respondent will think you can’t recognize a valid
answer.
 Where probing recall, use probes that give memory
cues of items likely to be forgotten. For example, if
probing hospitalization, say, “Well, people quite
frequently forget; it is more difficult to remember just
an overnight hospitalization, for instance. Was there
any chance you had something like this?”
 When overtly interviewing, sit in a comfortable spot
where you can record the responses verbatim, using
abbreviations to get them down. Record
abbreviations, probes, and interviewer comment in
parentheses. Write as the respondent talks.
 Author/s Book Reference Summary for every salient info Part of
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John Vicky -------------- 3rd Sage 2009 270 In designing the procedures for a mixed methods study, Summary
Creswell Knights Research Design, Edition Publisher begin by conveying the nature of mixed methods
Qualitative, research. This includes tracing its history, defining it, and
Sean Quantitative and mentioning its applications in many fields of research.
Connell Then, state and employ four criteria to select an
Mixed Method
y appropriate mixed methods strategy. Indicate the timing
Approaches strategy for data collection (concurrent or sequential).
Sarrah Also state weight or priority given to the quantitative or
K. qualitative approach, such as equal weight, or a priority
Quesenb to quantitative or qualitative data. Mention how the data
erry will be mixed, such as through merging the data,
connecting the data from one phase to another, or
embedding a secondary source of data into a larger,
primary source. Finally, identify whether a theoretical
lens or framework will guide the study, such as a theory
from the social sciences or a lens from an advocacy
perspective (e.g., feminism, racial perspective). Six
strategies are organized around whether the data are
collected sequentially (explanatory and exploratory),
concurrently (triangulation and nested), or with a
transformative lens (sequential or concurrent). Each
model has strengths and weaknesses, although the
sequential approach is the easiest to implement. Choice
of strategy also can be presented in a figure in the
research proposal. Then, specific procedures can be
related to the figure to help the reader understand the
flow of activities in a project. These include the types of
quantitative and qualitative data to be collected as well as
the procedures for data analysis. Typically, data analysis
involves data transformation, exploring outliers,
examining multiple levels, or creating matrices that
combine the quantitative results and the qualitative
findings. Validity procedures also need to be explicitly
described.
 Journal Article
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___________ ____ ____ _________ ____ ____
Educator New York All educators should strive to administer State assessments Summary
Integrity Tips state in the most ethical and honest manner. Ethical testing
for Education ensures that test scores are not compromised, promotes a fair
Ethical Department testing process, and avoids serious consequences that may
Testing stem from cheating. Unethical testing conduct results in the
invalidation of test scores, improper assessment of student
proficiency, loss of vital services for low performers, unfair
advantage over colleagues, and professional discipline such
as termination and loss of certification. Avoiding the
following prohibited conduct in the administration of New
York State assessments will demonstrate your commitment
to ethical testing practices and will enhance the integrity of
your school’s test results.

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Josephine __________ ____ _____ 2021 Elsevier Infertility presents challenges to individuals and couples,
Mpomaa Beliefs Ltd. https particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to Abstract
about :// document beliefs about childbearing/children and the
Kyei children doi.o psychosocial implications of infertility in individuals seeking
Adom Manu and the rg/ assisted fertilization in the Ghanaian context. The study had an
psychosoc 10.1 exploratory descriptive qualitative design. Six males and 12
Agnes M ial 016/ females were recruited purposefully from five private fertility
Kotoh implicatio j.rb centres in the Greater Accra Region. Face-to-face interviews
ns of ms.2 were performed. In Ghanaian society, couples and individuals
Charles infertility with infertility who are seeking assisted fertilization consider
Ampong on 021. having biological children to be important. The quest to have
Adjei individual 02.0 children was broadly centered on the associated benefits of
s seeking 0314 being a parent, including societal recognition, the role of family
Augustine assisted 7264 inheritance, and support. The inability of participants to have
Ankomah fertilizati 83/ biological children was found to have a negative effect on their
on in Ó20 psychological and social well-being. Anxiety, worry,
Ghana 21 hopelessness, stigma and suicidal ideations were some of the
effects identified. It is recommended that those seeking assisted
fertilization should be supported through counselling to
minimize the potential negative effects of childlessness.

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______ ____
Nurul ‘Ain 7 11 July 2016 Scientific 10.4 How does real classroom experience provide essential Abstract
Othman1 Fieldwork: Research 236/ experience for TESL trainee teachers? This paper illustrates
Maslawati What Do Publishing ce.20 the experience gained by TESL trainee teachers through
TESL 16.7 classroom observation and in-depth interviews with the
Trainee 1117
Mohamad observed teachers. This study was conducted to fifteen
0
1, Harieza Teachers second- year TESL trainee teachers from the education
Hussin2 Benefit? faculty of University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) who
enrolled in the curriculum and pedagogy course. The trainee
Nor teachers observed and reflect teachers’ teaching in schools.
Azilawati The findings showed that classroom observation is an
Mat Isa important element in teacher training. It improves teacher
trainees’ knowledge of the job scope for English teachers at
secondary level in Malaysia. Moreover, it could give them
some clues and serve as guidelines on how to relate the
lessons learned in the university to the real teaching
practices. The findings could also help teacher training
institutions to provide trainee teachers with pertinent
information, knowledge and relevant skills to be effective
and dynamic teachers.

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Gillian Questionn 9 10 2019 Oct 3 BMJ ____ 10.11 Objective: To assess the views of women after a first Abstract
Ryan1 aire 36/b caesarean section (CS) on their birth experience, preference
survey on mjop for future mode of birth and willingness to participate in a
Kate C O women's en- randomised controlled trial on mode of birth in a future
Doherty views after 2019- pregnancy.
a first 0317 Design: Questionnaire survey.
Declan 66 Setting: Two tertiary maternity centres Ireland, Galway
caesarean
Devane University Hospital, Galwayand the National Maternity
delivery in
Fionnuala Hospital, Dublin.
McAuliffe two Participants: Women with one previous CS.
tertiary Methods: Eligible women consented to participate, and
John centres in postal surveys were forwarded. Results were collected and
Morrison Ireland analysed. Results were compared between women who had
and their elective operations and women who had emergency
preference operations.
for Results: There were 347 completed surveys of 633 women
who consented to participate (54.8%), of whom 285 and 62
involveme
had emergency and elective caesarean deliveries,
nt in a
respectively. In general, satisfaction ratings with the delivery
future were greater than 90%, with similar levels of satisfaction
randomise with the care received from doctors and midwives. Women
d trial on who an emergency procedure expressed lower satisfaction
mode of levels with the information about the caesarean and the
birth debriefing received afterwards than women who had a
planned operation (p<0.05). For future mode of birth, 39.5%
expressed a preference for vaginal birth after caesarean
(VBAC) in a subsequent pregnancy, and 80% said they
would consider involvement in a randomised trial in a future
pregnancy.
Conclusion: Debriefing and counselling women after a CS
is an important part of pregnancy care and can significantly
impact on a woman's overall birth experience. A significant
proportion of this cohort considered VBAC as a future birth
option. These data indicate that a randomised trial on mode
of birth after caesarean would be viewed positively by
women in our population.

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_______ __________ Most ______________ https:// Birth Injury 2023 _____ A childbirth complication refers to any abnormal obstetrical Intro
Dangerous www.bir Help Center condition or adverse event occurring during pregnancy, labor,
Birth thinjury or delivery that can adversely impact a mother or baby.
Complicati helpcent Obstetric complications are ultimately what cause all birth
injuries. There are a number of well-known childbirth
ons er.org/
complications that occur in a certain percentage of all
pregnan
pregnancies with varying rates of occurrence. Some of these
cy- complications are relatively benign while others can be
dangero dangerous and even life-threatening.
us-
complic The list below identifies the most dangerous childbirth
ations.ht complications. These are the complications that are the
ml most difficult for doctors to manage and which have the
greatest potential to cause catastrophic birth injuries or
death. Remember that though it is important to know the
warning signs, these events are rare.

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Kenta --------- 66 1 January European ____ 10. Background: Accumulating evidence suggests a long-term Abstract
Matsumu Cesarean 24,2023 Psychiatry _ 119 health risk of cesarean section for the mother and child, but
ra 2/ few studies have examined the link between cesarean section
 j.eu and parenting stress. Here, we examined this association by
Takehiro rpsy exploiting a large dataset.
Hatakeya section and .20 Methods: Participants were 65,235 mothers participating in
ma 23. the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, an ongoing
parenting 5 nationwide birth cohort. Outcome variables were parenting
Taketosh stress: stress assessed as total score and subscale scores
i Yoshida (representing the difficult child, parental distress, and spouse
Results from factors) on the Japanese 19-item version of the Parenting
Akiko Stress Index Short Form (J-PSI-SF). Exposures were the
Tsuchida, the Japan mode of delivery, the timing of the J-PSI-SF assessment
Environment (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years postpartum), and the interaction
Hidekuni between them. Multivariate regression analysis was used to
Inadera and calculate adjusted β coefficients and standard error of the
means (SEMs).
Children’s
Results: The J-PSI-SF total score was higher in the cesarean
Study section group than in the vaginal delivery group
(adjusted β = 0.24, SEM = 0.09). This increase was primarily
due to higher scores for the difficult child factor
(adjusted β = 0.18, SEM = 0.05) and not to higher scores for
the parental distress or spouse factor.
Conclusions: Cesarean section was associated with higher
parenting stress, especially in relation to the difficult child
factor. Our results highlight the importance of paying
particular attention to the mental health of both mother and
child in the case of cesarean section.

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______ 29 6 2015 Jul Journal of 907– 10.1 Current theorizing and evidence suggest that parenting stress Abstract
Alison Parenting 20 Family 918 037/ might be greater among parents from both low and high
Parkes, Stress and Psychology fam0 socioeconomic positions (SEP) compared with those from
Parent 0001 intermediate levels because of material hardship among parents
Helen Support 29 of low SEP and employment demands among parents of high
Sweeting Among SEP. However, little is known about how this socioeconomic
Mothers variation in stress relates to the support that parents receive. This
Daniel Wigh with High study explored whether variation in maternal parenting stress in
and Low a population sample was associated with support deficits. To
obtain a clearer understanding of support deficits among mothers
Education
of high and low education, we distinguished subgroups
according to mothers’ migrant and single-parent status.
Participants were 5,865 mothers from the Growing Up in
Scotland Study, who were interviewed when their children were
10 months old. Parenting stress was greater among mothers with
either high or low education than among mothers with
intermediate education, although it was highest for those with
low education. Support deficits accounted for around 50% of
higher stress among high- and low-educated groups. Less
frequent grandparent contacts mediated parenting stress among
both high- and low-educated mothers, particularly migrants.
Aside from this common feature, different aspects of support
were relevant for high- compared with low-educated mothers.
For high-educated mothers, reliance on formal childcare and less
frequent support from friends mediated higher stress. Among
low-educated mothers, smaller grandparent and friend networks
and barriers to professional parent support mediated higher
stress. Implications of differing support deficits are discussed.

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Journal
Dr. E __________ Risk ------ ------- Inspite the considerable efforts that have given into the Summary
Naurice Approac 1978 WHO ____ ___ creation and improvement of health services, there are many
Bracket, h for OFFSET areas of the world where access to medical care is very
Materna limited for the most population. There is thus a need to seek
Dr. l and ways of making the optimal use of existing resources for the
Neville Child benefit of the majority, particularly through the use of the
Butler, Health primary health care approach.
Care -Strategy a managerial tool for the organization of health
Dr. A services.
Micheal -Health service Organization based on this approach will
Davies, require identification of those characteristics of women and
childrens risk factors associated with the increase of
and Dr. undesireable outcome.
Nusret -Risk factors may be defined as the determination or
W. Fisek circumstances of a person or a group that are associated with
the increase, having developing or being especially adversely
affected by the morbid process
-Detection of risk factors require a knowledge of the
characteristics associated with the poor outcome and ability
to recognize and measure them.
-Detection of individual at risk will require contact,
however superficial, with every woman and child in the
community, in turn, will lead to a reconsideration and
reallocation of resource with better coverage.
-Development of intervention strategies the principles of
health care delivery may be universal but the strategy needs
to be developed by each country to meet its own needs
within its own constraint.
-A health information system is an essential strategy,
providing at levels consistent with local resource information
on the population at risk.
-To sum up the risk strategy, while normally directed to
those mothers and children at the special risk for disease and
death.

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25 4 2020 Jun Iranian 304– 10.41 Background: A review of the literature shows that there is little Abstract
Forough __________ Matern 17 Journal of 313 03/ consensus on the practical definition of maternal role attainment
Rafii Nursing and ijnmr. in the field of neonatal nursing care. The initial interaction
 al Role Midwifery IJNM between mother and neonate most often begins in the hospital
Mona Attainm research R_20 and can be influenced by neonatal nurses, so it is necessary to
Alinejad- ent in 1_19 clarify this concept in nursing. The purpose of this study was to
Naeini Mother show the basic characteristics and practical definition of
s with maternal role attainment in mothers with term neonate in a new
and Hamid Term context.
Peyrovi Neonate
Materials and Methods: This study used a hybrid model three-
:A
step concept analysis: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis
Hybrid
phases. At theoretical phase, articles indexed in credential
Concept databases were searched using keywords. Totally, 33 articles
Analysi were analyzed. At fieldwork phase, 12 participants were
s interviewed. At final phase, the findings of the two earlier phases
were analyzed. The study lasted from August to November 2018.
After determining the attributes, antecedents, and consequences,
a final definition of maternal role attainment was introduced.

Results: The concept of maternal role attainment was defined as

“a developmentally, interactive, adaptive, and committed multi-
dimensional process based on the discovery of pregnancy,
characteristics of the mother, receiving social support, which
leads to maternal identity, formation of maternal skills,
resiliency, development of newborn, improvement of mother-
newborn interactions and increased well-being of the mother”.

Conclusions: This study identifies the concept of maternal role

attainment in nursing, providing a good basis for evaluating and
applying this concept.

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 _______
Ramona 36 3 02 Journal of 226- DOI: Purpose: To present evidence for replacing the term maternal Abstract
T. Mercer Becoming a September Nursing 32 10.11 role attainment (MRA), with becoming a mother (BAM).
mother 2004 Scholarship 11/j.1
versus 547- Methods: A review of the evolution of MRA and a synthesis of
maternal 5069. research emanating from the theory was done, followed by
role 2004. synthesis of current research on the transition to motherhood.
attainment 0404
2.x Findings: A woman establishes maternal identity as she
becomes a mother through her commitment to and involvement
in defining her new self. Maternal identity continues to evolve as
the mother acquires new skills to regain her confidence in self as
new challenges arise.

Conclusions: BAM more accurately encompasses the dynamic

transformation and evolution of a woman's persona than does
MRA, and the term MRA should be discontinued.

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Katherine _______ Research
E. strategies 25 2 May 2012 Applied 108- https: Data obtained from the patient medical record are often a Abstract
Gregory, that result Nursing 116 // component of clinical research led by nurse investigators. The
PhD, RNa, in optimal Research doi.or rigor of the data collection methods correlates to the reliability
data g/ of the data and, ultimately, the analytical outcome of the study.
and Lucy collection 10.10 Research strategies for reliable data collection from the patient
Radovinsk from the 16/ medical record include the development of a precise data
y, MSN, j.apnr collection tool, the use of a coding manual, and ongoing
patient
RN .2010 communication with research staff.
medical
.02.0
record 04

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Article Journal No. No. date
Cyrille __________ 21 _____ 11 March BMC Background: The Aldrete’s score is used to determine when a
Robert, Anne Cognitive 2021 Anesthesi https patient can safely leave the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and Abstract
Soulier, status of ology :// be transferred to the surgical ward. The Aldrete score is based on the
patients doi.o evaluation of vital signs and consciousness. Cognitive functions
according to the anaesthetic strategy at the time the patient is judged
Didier Sciard, judged fit rg/
fit for discharge from the PACU (Aldrete’s score ≥ 9) have not been
Guillaume for 10.1 previously studied. The aim of this trial was to assess the cognitive
Dufour, discharge 186/ status of inpatients emerging either from desflurane or propofol
from the s128 anaesthesia, at the time of PACU discharge (Aldrete score ≥ 9).
Corinne post- 71-
Alberti, anaesthes 021- Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty
ia care 0128 under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either
Priscilla unit after 7-9 desflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Patients were evaluated the day
Boizeau general before surgery using Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Stroop
anaesthes Color Test and Verbal Learning Test. After surgery, the Aldrete score
& Marc ia: a was checked every 5 min until reaching a score ≥ 9. At this time, the
same battery of cognitive tests was applied. Each test was evaluated
Beaussier randomiz
separately. Cognitive status was reported using a combined Z score
ed pooling together the results of all 3 cognitive tests.
comparis
on Results: Among the 3 tests, only DSST was significantly reduced at
between Aldrete Score ≥ 9 in the Desflurane group. Combined Z-scores at
desfluran Aldrete Score ≥ 9 were (in medians [interquartils]): − 0.2 [− 1.2;+ 0.6]
e and and − 0.4 [− 1.1;+ 0.4] for desflurane and propofol groups
propofol respectively (P = 0.62). Cognitive dysfunction at Aldrete score ≥ 9
was observed in 3 patients in the Propofol group and in 2 patients in
the Desflurane group) (P = 0.93).

Conclusion: No difference was observed in cognitive status at

Aldrete score ≥ 9 between desflurane and propofol anaesthesia.
Although approximately 10% of patients still had cognitive
dysfunctions, an Aldrete score ≥ 9 was associated with satisfactory
cognitive function recovery in the majority of the patients after lower
limb arthroplasty surgery under general anaesthesia.

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Fatma Ahmed Effect of __________ 13 4 2022 Egyptian
Mohammed Discharge Journal 10.2 Background: cesarean section rises the danger of Abstract
Sabry Teaching of Health 1608 psychological and physical status for mothers and their babies.
Quality Care / It is necessary to exhaustive estimate the mothers' discharge
Nawal Kamal on EJH readiness from hospital and prevent adverse outcomes post
Abd Elkhalek Women's C.20 cesarean section. The aim: To evaluate the effect
Discharge 22.2 of discharge teaching quality on women's discharge readiness
Mervat M. Readiness 7623 and post cesarean section outcomes.
Hassan and Post 9 Setting: the study was carried out at post-partum unit in women
Cesarean health at Assiut University Hospital.
Mona Section Design: quasi experimental research design was used in this
Thabet Outcomes study. Sample: a convenience sample of 100 women underwent
cesarean delivery, was divided into two groups, study group (50
Mona R. women), control group (50 women). Tools: Four tools were
Ahmed utilized for data collection in this study, Tool (1) structured
interviewing questionnaire, Tool (2) discharge readiness
assessment tool, Tool (3) discharge teaching quality assessment
tool, Tool (4) post cesarean section outcomes assessment tool.
Results: There was highly statistical significance difference
between the study and control group regarding the discharge
readiness, and post cesarean section outcomes, with p-value
0.001.
Conclusion: discharge teaching skills had positive effect on
mother-reported discharge readiness and their post cesarean
section outcomes. Recommendations: the nurses must practice
discharge teaching to enhance the discharge readiness and post-
surgical outcomes for women undergoing cesarean section.

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Ali Fakhr- _______ Exploring 5 4 2016 Dec 1 Journal of 267– 10.1 Intro
Movahedi Nurse’s Caring 276 5171/ Recognition the nurses’ communicative roles can influence
Communica Science jcs.20 quality of patient’s care. Therefore, this study was aimed to
Zahra tive Role in 16.02 explore nurse’s role in nurse-patient relations. Methods: This
Rahnavard Nurse- 8 study was qualitative research in which collected data was
Patient analyzed by content analysis method. The participants were
Mahvash Relations: A 23 nurses, patients and their families in medical and surgical
Salsali wards of a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Data were
Qualitative
collected by semi-structured interview and observation. Data
Study
Reza analysis was led to the emergence of a main conceptual
Negarande category: The patient's need-based communication. This
category was derived from two categories: 1) Identifying the
patient’s needs; and 2) Communicative behavior in the face
of the patient’s needs. “Identifying the patient’s needs” was
related to “type of the patient’s problem”, “patients’
inquiring about their health status” and “monitoring the
patient’s health status”. “Communicative behavior in the face
of the patient’s needs” was composed of four subcategories:
“caring attention”, “informal education of the patient”, Conclusion
“inducing calmness to the patient”, and “obtaining the trust
of the patient”. The nurse’s role in relationship with patients
is designed according to patients’ needs. Therefore, if the
patients’ needs in clinical settings are defined and clarified
appropriately, the nurse-patient relations will be enhanced
and thereby the quality of care will be improved.
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Sabates, -------- 51 5 16 Aug A Journal of p651- doi.or This paper provides evidence on the predicted benefits of Abstract
Ricardo; Can Maternal 2019 Comparative 669 g/ maternal education, in terms of reduced child malnutrition at
Education and 10.10 ages 1 and 5, focusing specifically on the complementarities
Di Cesare Sustain or International 80/03 with early life interventions across contexts. Using data from the
Maria Enhance the Education 0579 Young Lives Longitudinal Study for Ethiopia, India, Peru and
Chiara Benefits of 25.20 Vietnam, results show the expected association of maternal
Early Life 19.16 education with reduced likelihood of malnutrition both at ages 1
Interventions 5317 and 5. However, the benefits of maternal education via access to
? Evidence 1 an early life intervention (antenatal care), are found only in some
from the countries and for some levels of maternal education. Inequalities
Young Lives in the risk of malnutrition between those with the highest
Longitudinal endowments of maternal education and access to antenatal
Study services, and those without these, are significant within
countries. We conclude that programmes which aim to reduce
the risks of malnutrition should consider local knowledge and
realities in order to understand more fully the expected benefits.

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LeVasseu Developing and p91- doi.o This chapter presents the process and operational
r, Mary; -------- Implementing 2019 161 05 March New 101 rg/ considerations when developing and implementing mindfulness- Abstract
Mindfulness 2019 Directions 10.10 based programs for both patients and staff in hospital and health-
Purzycki, Programs in for Adult and 02/ care settings.
Edward; Hospital and Continuing ace.2
Health-Care Education 0314
Williams, Settings
Helene
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Inters, -------- 65 10 Oct 2022 Journal of p390 Narrative assessment is one potentially underutilized and Purpose
Katherine Investigating Speech, 8- doi.or inconsistent method speech-language pathologists may use when
L.; Narrative Language, 3929 g/ considering a diagnosis of developmental language disorder.
Performance and Hearing 10.10 However, narration research encompasses many varied
Jasso, in Children Research, 44/20 methodologies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed
Javier; with 22_JS to (a) investigate how various narrative assessment types (e.g.,
Development LHR- macrostructure, microstructure, and internal state language)
Pustejovs al Language 22- differentiate children with typical development (TD) from
ky, James Disorder: A 0001 children with DLD, (b) identify specific narrative assessment
E.; Systematic 7 measures that result in greater group differences, and (c)
Review and evaluate participant and sample characteristics that may
Byrd, Meta- influence performance differences.
Courtney Analysis
T. Electronic databases were searched on July 30, 2019, to Method
locate studies that reported oral narrative language measures for
both DLD and TD groups between ages 4 and 12 years; studies
focusing on written narration or other developmental disorders
only were excluded. We extracted data related to sample
participants, narrative task(s) and assessment measures, and
research design. Group differences were quantified using
standardized mean differences. Analyses used mixed-effects
meta-regression with robust variance estimation to account for
effect size dependencies.

Searches identified 37 eligible studies published between Results

1987 and 2019, including 382 effect sizes. Overall meta-analysis
showed that children with DLD had decreased narrative
performance relative to TD peers, with an overall average effect
of −0.82 SD, 95% confidence interval [−0.99, −0.66]. Effect
sizes showed significant heterogeneity both between and within
studies, even after accounting for effect size–, sample-, and
study-level predictors. Across model specifications, grammatical
accuracy (microstructure) and story grammar (macrostructure)
yielded the most consistent evidence of TD–DLD group
 differences. Conclusion

Present findings suggest some narrative assessment measures

yield significantly different performance between children with
and without DLD. However, researchers need to improve
consistency of inclusionary criteria, descriptions of sample
characteristics, and reporting of correlations between measures
to determine which assessment measures reliably distinguish
between groups.

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Thunberg Safeguarding 25 5 14 Apr International p711- doi.or Narrative interviews with young victims of crime can provide Abstract
, Sara -------- Personal 2021 Journal of 715 g/ information regarding their unique situations and how the
Integrity Social 10.10 victimization has affected their lives. However, the method can
While Research 80/13 be intrusive, and not all young people are able to safeguard their
Collecting Methodology 6455 personal integrity. This research note offers reflections on the
Sensitive 79.20 use of narrative interviews with young victims of crime, and on
Data Using 21.19 interview situations that raised ethical quandaries about whether
1598 to discontinue the interviews to reduce the risk of harm. The note
Narrative
1 starts with a brief description of research on sensitive topics, the
Interviews --
study, and the narrative method. After that, I reflect upon some
A Research interview situations that have left me wondering what I could
Note have done differently, resulting in suggestions on what could be
changed.