Definition, Essence

and Origins of a
Country
Presented by Try Ruliyanti, S.H.,M.H.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Understand the meaning of state
2. Understand the nature & nature of the state
3. Understand the origins of the formation of a country
 I.
Definition of State
Country comes from the Sanskrit word "Nagar" which means
area or place of residence. Apart from that, the word State in
European languages ​comes from the words "State (England),
Staat (Dutch), and etat (France)”. State, Staat, and Etat come
from Latin, namely "Status or Statum" which means an upright
and permanent state. or something that has properties that are
upright and permanent.
The word Status or Statum is also commonly interpreted as
Standing or Station, which means position.
 So, the definition of a state is an organization of
power from a group or groups of humans who
together inhabit a certain territory and recognize
the existence of a government that manages the
order and safety of that group or groups of
humans.
The definition of state
can be viewed from 4
angles, namely:
1. The State as an Organization of Power
2. The State as a Political Organization
3. The State as a Moral Organization
4. The State as Integration Between The
Government and The People
 II.
The Nature and
Essence of the State
The nature of the state is a condition in which it is possessed
in order to make it a state with a purpose. The essential
nature of a country is always the same even though the
characteristics of the countries are different from each other.
The nature of the State can be qualified into several
characteristics as follows :
1. Coercive
2. Monopoly in nature
3. All-inclusive
4. Determining
 01. 02.
Coercive Monopoly in nature

The state is a body that has The state with its power has
power over its citizens and the right to the natural
this is absolute and coercive wealth contained there in

03. 04.
All-inclusive Determining

State power is power that is The state has the power to

binding on all its citizens determine attitudes to
without exception maintain the stability of the
country
 III.
Origin of a Country
There are many theories regarding the origins of a
country. Theories of the origin of a country are divided into
2 groups, namely :
1. Speculative Theory
- Community Agreement Theory
- Theocratic Theory
- Power Theory
- Partiarchal & Matriarchal Theory
- Organic Theory
- The Theory is Out of Date
- Natural Theory
- Idealistic Theory
2. Historical Theory
 01.
Community Agreement Theory
This theory assumes that the origin of
the formation of a country is due to an
agreement between the people
02.
Theocratic theory
This theory assumes that the origin of the
State and the power of a ruler comes solely
from God. This theory occurred in the Middle
Ages, this divine doctrine justifies the
absolutism of royal power on the grounds
that the king reigns because of God's will
 03.
Power Theory
This theory assumes that the origin of
the State is due to a power struggle
where the strongest will be the holder
and shaper of the State
04.
Patriarchal and Matriarchal Theory
This theory assumes that the embryo of a
country consists of relations between families
that are extensive and developed to form
tribes. The patriarchal theory of family
relations is drawn from the father's lineage,
while the matriarchal theory of the family is
drawn from the mother's lineage
 05.
Organic Theory
This theory assumes that the State is
likened to a living creature or
individual, the components contained
in the State are considered to be the
cells of living creatures, which means
they continue to develop
06.
Outdated Theory
This theory assumes that kings reign not
because of "jure divino" or power from God
but because of "jure consuetudinario" or
habit. The state emerged because of the
existence of property that had been with the
king for a long time from generation to
generation, which then gave rise to property
rights
 07.
Natural Theory
This theory assumes that the State in
human life is something that naturally
occurs and is the essence of humanity
itself. This theory was introduced by
Aristotle who referred to humans as Zoon
Politicon, that humans are said to be zoon
politicon or are said to be perfect humans
if they live within the bounds of a State
08.
Idealistic Theory
This theory assumes that the State is the
result of human thought. The state is
considered independent of the individual as
its supporter. The consequence is that all
people are obliged to obey the will and power
of the State
 Historical Theory

This theory assumes that the State as a

social organization is not created but
grows based on the evolution of human
life. In the law of evolution, social
institutions are inevitable and very
dependent on the conditions, time and
place on which evolution depends
 Conclusion :
The state is an organization in an area which consists of a
group or several groups of people who have supreme, legal
power and are obeyed by all their people. A country has
several characteristics, namely coercive, monopoly,
decisive and all-encompassing.

Countries grow and develop from various theories which are

divided into 2 groups, namely speculative theories and
historical theories. Speculative theory is a theory based on
reflection and deductive and abstract thinking, while
historical theory is a theory that is empirically inductive
Thank you
very much!