NTHU Electrical Engineering Department

EE2140 Electromagnetics Spring 2024

HW #3
1. Consider the geometry as shown, and assume that the charge along the semicircle
is nonuniform, given by Q φ 𝑄′ sin φ ( π/2 φ π/2 ), where Q is a
constant. (a) Please determine the electric field intensity vector along the z-axis. (b)
Show that far away along the z-axis |𝑧| ≫ a this charge distribution can be
replaced by an equivalent electric dipole located at the coordinate origin. Find the
electric dipole moment, 𝑷, of the equivalent dipole. (c) Please determine the electric
potential at an arbitrary point along z-axis.

2. A volume charge is distributed in free space inside a sphere of radius a. The charge density is
ρ R ρ R/a 0 𝑅 𝑎 , where R stands for the radial distance from the sphere center, and
ρ is a constant. (a) Find the total charge of the sphere. (b) Find the electric field inside and outside
of the sphere. (c) Find the potential inside and outside of the sphere. (d) Sketch the electric field
and potential v.s radius R.

3. A metallic sphere, of radius a and charge Q(Q > 0), is enclosed by an uncharged concentric metallic
spherical shell, of inner radius b and outer radius c (a<b<c).The medium everywhere is air. (a) Find
the potential of the sphere. (b) Assume that the sphere is move toward the shell wall so that the
centers of the sphere and the shell are separated by a distance d. Find the potential of the shell in
the new electrostatic state if d=(b-a)/2.

4. Redo Ex 3-7 by solving Poisson’s/Laplace’s equation.

5. A positive point charge Q is at the center of a spherical dielectric shell of an inner radius Ri and an
outer radius Ro. The dielectric constant of the shell is r. In class we already obtained the D field
and E field as functions of the radial distance of R. (a) Please further determine the electric potential
as a function of R. (b) Find the polarization 𝑃⃗. (c) Make a plot for D field, E field, electric potential
V, and polarization P v.s. radius R.

6. A spherical capacitor is filled with two concentric dielectric layers. The relative
permittivity of the layer near the inner layer is εr1=4, and its dielectric strength
Ecr1=30 MV/m. For the other layer, εr2=2, and Ecr2=50 MV/m. Electrode radii
are a=10mm and c=35mm, and the radius of the boundary surface between
the layers is b=25mm. (a) If the applied voltage between the inner and outer
electrode is 10V, what are the charges of the capacitor? (b) What is the
breakdown voltage?

7. (a) In class, we discussed the dielectric constant (r) of a dielectric from several aspects. The
dielectric constant is also an important parameter in semiconductor industry, yet with a different
name. Please find out what are low-k and high-k materials and their applications in semiconductor
industry. (b) Please check out how the dielectric constant of a material can be measured.