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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
State and Non-State
Institutions

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Understanding Culture Society and Politics


Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: State and Non-State Institutions
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Alfredo Q. Jaso Jr.
Jaylar R. Borda
Editors: Alfred James A. Ellar
James Angelo T. Año
Reviewers: Leonardo C. Cargullo
Ricardo P. Makabenta
Asher H. Pasco
Jesusa L. Partosa
Alfonso V. Mabuting
Johncent Roy C. Tibordo
Illustrator: Maria Babylyn B. Nevalga
Shiela Mae L. Ortiz
Elleden Grace Denosta
Layout Artist: Maria Cristina F. Lim
Allan Gilbert M. Jain
Joseverino B. Laxamana
Management Team: Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral
CLMD Chief: Job S. Zape Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator: Elaine T. Balaogan
School Division Superintendent: Lourdes T. Bermudez
Asst. School Division Superintendent: Bernadette T. Luna
CID Chief: Violeta L. Francisco
Division EPS In Charge of LRMS: Marissa O. Aguirre
Name of Division ADM Coordinator: Ednel A. Almoradie

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON


Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro
Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph

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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
State and Non-State
Institution

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS for Grade 11


Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on State and Non-State Institutions (MELC
7)

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on State and Non-State Institution.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to


check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link


the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be


introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the


lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent


practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank


sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will


help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your


level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given


to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

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lesson learned. This also tends retention of


learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the


module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing


this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of understanding culture society and politics. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. describe the different forms of state and non-state institutions.
2. differentiate the functions of state and non-state institutions.
3. appraise the state and non-state institutions in relation to personal
development and societal progress.

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What I Know

Use separate sheet for your answers.

A. Instruction: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. The state works like a family; it creates agencies to provide for the welfare of its
members. Meanwhile, non-state institutions work as _________________ to lessen the
burden of the state.
A. parents
B. brothers and sisters
C. tito and tita
D. lolo and lola

2. Backed up by the government itself, this institution has less tendency to be


bankrupt. In relation, this non-state institution can also be a state institution. Which
one is it?
A. Banks
B. Cooperatives
C. Corporations
D. Trade unions

3. Helen is maltreated by her employer in Saudi Arabia where she works as a


domestic helper. Which Philippine government agency must she seek help?
A. Department of Health
B. Department of Interior and Local Government
C. Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
D. Department of Education

4. Non-state agencies like JICA, CIDA, and USAID provide financial assistance to
particular projects of a country like building bridges or roads that are essential for
development. Which non-state institution provides this kind of aid?
A. Banks
B. Corporation
C. Civil organization
D. Development agencies

5. Former United States of America vice president Al Gore went to the country last
2017 to speak about the impacts of climate change. This kind of advocacy is the duty
provided by a non-state agency known as ____________________________.
A. Bank
B. Corporation
C. Civil organization
D. Development agencies

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6. There are various kinds of institutions in any society. Some are state-owned while
some are not. Which of the following can be an example of a non-state institution?
A. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
B. Banks
C. Local government
D. Philippine executive government

7. Non-state institutions are not directly connected to the government, but still play
a significant role in performing state functions. Which of the following is LEAST likely
to be a classification of non-state institutions?
A. Civil
B. Market
C. Political
D. Transnational

8. Non-state institutions from other countries can also have a big impact to the
Philippines. What is the MOST expected function of these non-state institutions?
A. Development
B. Investigations
C. Investments, finances
D. Reforms on economic and political practices

9. Non-state institutions function just like the government. In relation to government


functions, what term BEST describes the function of non-state institutions?
A. Band-aid
B. Gap-filling
C. Long term
D. Replacement

10. Non-state institutions are often seen as doing what the government also does. To
set it apart from the government, which of the following terms BEST describes non-
state institutions?
A. Involuntary
B. Locally-based
C. Non-governmental
D. Publicly and privately owned

11. Non-state institutions play a very important role in people’s daily lives. Which
non-state institution helps people acquire money or property in order to start a
business?
A. Banks
B. Cooperatives
C. Corporations
D. Trade unions

12. Which non-state institution raises awareness on certain issues, such as Amnesty
International for human rights violations?
A. Advocacy groups
B. Civil organizations, e.g. religion
C. Civil organizations, e.g. research
D. Transnational development agencies

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13. If workers want to convince the government to end contractualization but the
government is not listening, which non-state institution will be able to gather workers
and force dialogue with the government?
A. Cooperative
B. Labor unions
C. Rural and farmers’ banks
D. Workers who are members of corporations

14. Civil organizations come in many form. Which one is MOST expected to show the
realities of the daily living of ordinary members of society?
A. Law firms
B. Mass media
C. Overseas research team
D. People’s organizations in communities

15. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about non-state institutions?


A. Some are for profit while some are not.
B. Some are foreign while some are local.
C. They contribute a lot to the economy.
D. They do not influence what the government does.

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What’s In

Any state in the world formulates its own government agency to achieve the
needs of its people. However, in most democratic society, the state government allows
business individuals, corporations, and non-profit organizations to deliver goods and
services for the citizens (De Leon 2008).
A country can be associated with how a family functions; there are
authoritarian parents who determine the future of their children. Meanwhile, there
are lenient parents who allow their children to grow with minimum restrictions. In
general, parents must do necessary actions to feed the family, provide proper
clothing, send children to school, give a decent shelter, give medicine in times of
sickness, and save some budget or resources in case of emergency. Yet, no matter
how parents work to make both ends meet, there are always some issues left undone
(“The Philippines”).

On the contrary, family remains as a family no matter how imperfect they are.
They must help one another as a unit or an entity to avoid problems as much as
possible. They must utilize all resources to make possibilities to happen. Meanwhile,
children play a vital role in the family by being responsible and sensitive individuals
who do their own share, like turning off the lights or other appliances when not in
use, do some households chores, or apply for scholarship, for an instance, to ease
the burden of tuition fees, and the likes (Halili-Jao 2018).
The government is at its best in providing the necessity of its people by
allocating all its resources to meet the demands of its citizenry. However, like an
ordinary family, no matter how the government work to make both ends meet, there
is always some issues that needs to be worked upon (Panopio 1995).
On the other hand, non-state institutions are created to back up the
government in filling in the gap between the state and its people. In order to achieve
their mission, non-state institutions produce results that uplift the condition of the
people in general. Banks, corporations, trade unions, cooperatives, development
agencies, civil organizations and transnational advocacy group are created to lift the
condition of all sectors of the society (Baleña 2016).

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What’s New

MACHING TYPE
Direction: Match Column A with Column B, Write the letter of the correct answer
before the number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____`1. An agency of the government that protects its A. Department of


territories and boundaries Education (DepEd)

_____2. A state agency that looks after municipalities B. Department of Labor


and barangays and Employment (DOLE)

_____3. An agency of the government that ensures C. Overseas Workers


quality education Welfare Administration
(OWWA)
_____4. A state agency that creates public
infrastructure like school buildings, roads, and D. Armed Forces of the
bridges Philippines (AFP)

_____5. An agency of the government that looks after E. Department of Health


the welfare of Filipinos working overseas (DOH)

F. Department of Interior
and Local Government
(DILG)

G. Department of Public
Works and Highways
(DPWH)

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MAGIC LETTERS, MAGIC PICTURES

Directions: Look at the images below. Pay attention to the boxes with magic letters
attached to them. Then, follow instructions on the next parts of the activity.

Write all eight magic letters here (in any order):

___________________________________________________________

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Arrange the magic letters below to form a word that describes the institutions inside
the bubbles where your magic letters are attached. Four letters of the word are
already given:

MAGIC WORD N N T T

Example 1. 1 0 1 0 1 0

Example 2. 1 3 1 1 1 0

Example 3. 2 1 1 1 1 1

Example 4. 0 2 1 1 1 1

Example 5. 2 1 1 1 1 5

Example 6. 2 2 1 1 2 0

Example 7. 2 2 2 3 5 1

Found the magic word? If yes, then use the numbers below each magic letter to
complete the puzzle on the next page. The numbers tell the number of times the
magic letter will be used to form each example of a non-state institution. Some letters
are already given below. Note: Red boxes correspond to spaces.

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Based on the words formed in the previous puzzle, name the pictures seen earlier in
this activity. Meanwhile, make sure to examine and connect the pictures below by
writing the answers on the spaces provided.

1.____________________ 2.___________________ 3.___________________

4.___________________ 5.__________________

7.___________________

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What is It

(BACKGROUND) INSTITUTIONS
There are different models of social institutions used in different countries
nowadays, most of which are inspired by the long history of their country while others
are influenced by other nations. There are two major types of state or social
institutions: the communist, based on command economy; and the democracy,
based on capitalist economy (Panopio 1995).

Most communist countries, like the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
(USSR), and North Korea, are governed by their respective governments alone. They
do not allow private companies or individuals to do business in their land; thus, the
people have no opportunity to choose because the government decide what is best
for their own citizens (Panopio 1995).

However, democracy is a kind of government based on capitalism where the


government provides the major industries but allows private entities or individuals
to produce goods and services for the people; thus, citizens are given much freedom
to choose for themselves (Panopio 1995).

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, STATE INSTITUTIONS


Certain organizations help keep these basic institutions in place. Politically,
the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) helps the government maintain peace and
order throughout its territory. The Local Government Units (LGU) is created to cater
the needs of the local barangays or communities. The Department of Education
(DepEd) ensures the quality of education based on the needs and norms the society.
The different branches of the government create, implement, and interpret the laws
we use as guide for our conduct. These organized, political bodies are called state
institutions. Government-controlled state institutions fulfil the wishes of the
Philippine State: public service and public control. For example, the government may
declare martial law in a troubled area, and the AFP makes sure that this is strictly
followed, whether the people like it or not (De Leon 2008).

NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS
Ideally, in a democratic country, major industries must be under the control
of the state, like banks, petroleum, transportation, and communication because they
are vital in the economy of the country. However, in the recent years, the said
industries are being sold to private entities to carry away the burden from its
operation and maintenance. Today, private corporations headed by executives
controls the major industries in the country with very minimum government
supervision, most of these are petroleum (Shell, Caltex and Petron),
telecommunication (Smart, Globe and PLDT), transportation (Cebu Pacific and
Philippine Air Lines), etc. These entities significantly affect the lives of the people
either directly or indirectly (Baleña 2016).

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Meanwhile, corporations based on profit (ABS-CBN, GMA 7 and PTV 5)


manage most television networks in the country. They are duty bound to serve the
public by giving current news and information but more so entertainment to attract
viewers. The more viewers a station has, the more product advertisements coming
in, and thus the profit comes along. This is why television networks in the country
are becoming antagonistic as shown in their publicity ratings.

Moreover, if you wish to have a car but do not have the enough money to buy,
one can find a bank that offers car loan arrangements. If one wishes to own a
business but hesitant to fail, he or she may consider the stock market and be a
shareholder in a corporation. If a worker wants a better compensation, he or she may
join and be part of a trade union. These are just some examples of non-state
institutions: non-governmental organizations operating to satisfy many of our
short-term and long-term, small-scale and large-scale, and tangible and intangible
demands (De Leon 2008).

Non-state institutions include the following: banks, corporations, trade


unions, cooperatives, development agencies, civil organizations, and transnational
advocacy groups.

1. Banks help us keep our money, avail different kinds of loan, and exchange
currencies. The accumulated money of the bank is invested to some projects
to gain profit; this is how banks pay their workers and depositors’ interest
depending on the agreed terms.

Moreover, banks help the country by providing financial assistance to those


entrepreneurs who wanted to create or expand their business. By doing so,
they also provide job opportunities among local citizens.

Although there are state and non-state banks in the country, both types serve
their respective purposes. Yet, most depositors choose state banks because
the government itself backs it up, thus the possibility of bankruptcy is very
small. On the other hand, corporations or group of individuals manages non-
state banks. Although ensured by the government through the Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas, it is but only to a minimum extent. Like in the case of certain
banks, when a bank declares bankruptcy, each depositor could only receive
only a portion of their deposit (Contreras et al. 2016). Examples of banks
include the Bank of the Philippine Islands, Metrobank, and Rizal Commercial
Banking Corporation (RCBC).

2. A corporation is owned by a group of people, but has a separate legal identity


(the owners of a corporation are not responsible for its own debts).
Corporations offer stocks (determines level of ownership), as well as bonds
(allows one to earn interest). These generate large amounts of capital, which
is needed for growth (Contreras et al. 2016). Some well-known corporations
are San Miguel Corporation, Accenture, and Shell.

Since a corporation is associated with various industries, it needs a huge work


force to run and operate. This provides job opportunities to number of workers
in the country and thus lessen the problem of poverty.

3. Trade unions. There are some entrepreneurs who are only after for profit,
and they tend to maximize working hours and minimize wages as much as
possible. This is where the trade union steps in. They look after the well-being

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of the workers. Collectively, they raise issues such as low salary, lack of
compensation, etc. to the management that sometimes ends up with work
“stoppage” or strike until the demands of both sides are met. (Contreras et al.
2016).

Trade unions are created to protect the labor force of the country. Workers are
essential to the creation of goods and services for the citizenry. In the
Philippines, the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines has the largest
membership.

4. Cooperatives are made up of people with common interest who agreed to work
together for easy, safe, and affordable access to commodities, loans, and other
services. They are created to help and empower one another with a minimum
help from the government (Contreras et al. 2016). Farmers’ cooperatives and
teachers’ cooperatives are common examples.

5. Development agencies promote progress by engaging in projects, policy-


making, and dialogue (Contreras et al. 2016). Some countries with active
agencies in the Philippines are Japan (JICA), Canada (CIDA), and U.S.A.
(USAID). Those providing financial assistance include the Asian Development
Bank (ADB).

Development agencies works as a bank that provides financial assistance to


important projects. The creation of bridge that connects one province to
another, or road construction that helps ordinary farmers transport their
products may be put into reality through the help of these agencies.

6. Civil organizations include academic institutions, research teams, mass


media, religious organizations, and people’s organizations. They provide facts
about the life’s various realities to influence policy-making (Contreras et al.
2016).

These organizations are created to expose the conditions of the marginalized


sector of the society by using mass media as its platform as they raise critical
issues to the government.

7. Transnational advocacy groups influence the government to take action on


matters commonly neglected. A group maybe a national or an international
organization that promotes and advocates progress and development related
to particular issues of the society. (Contreras, et al., 2016). Greenpeace and
Human Rights Watch are some examples.

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What’s More

Directions: Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions.

1. Examine the pictures on the previous page. What is the importance of each non-
state institution to our country? Answer this question by completing the unfinished
statements below.

a. Banks allow us to _____________________________________________________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

b. Corporations give us the chance to ___________________________________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

c. Trade unions help workers to _________________________________________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

d. Cooperatives can make cheaper goods and services for us to __________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

e. Development agencies transform our _________________________________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

f. Civil Organizations can be useful in __________________________________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

g. Transnational advocacy groups raise awareness about ______________________


__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Are these non-state institutions connected to the government? If yes, how? If no,
why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the functions of the government in relation to its people?


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do non-state institutions help the government in performing its functions?


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think will happen if we do not have non-state institutions?


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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What I Have Learned

Directions: After learning about non-state institutions and their contributions to an


individual’s development and the community in general, write something about
yourself and your community by completing the phrases below.

What are the duties and responsibilities of the state to its people?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Because of non-state institutions, I am able to


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Because of non-state institutions, my community is now


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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What I Can Do

Directions: Read and analyze the quotation together with its hashtags. Afterwards,
explain what you understand about the statement by completing the phrase below.

Based on the quotation, I learned that ____________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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Assessment

Direction: Read the following items carefully. Shade the circle that corresponds to
the letter of your answer.

1. Backed up by the government itself, this institution has less tendency to be


bankrupt. In relation, this non-state institution can also be a state institution. Which
one is it?
A. Banks
B. Cooperatives
C. Corporations
D. Trade unions

2. Non-state agencies like JICA, CIDA, and USAID provide financial assistance to
particular projects of a country like building bridges or roads that are essential for
development. Which non-state institution provides this kind of aid?
A. Banks
B. Corporation
C. Civil organization
D. Development agencies

3. There are various kinds of institutions in any society. Some are state-owned while
some are not. Which of the following can be an example of a non-state institution?
A. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
B. Banks
C. Local government
D. Philippine executive government

4. Non-state institutions from other countries can also have a big impact to the
Philippines. What is the MOST expected function of these non-state institutions?
A. Development
B. Investigations
C. Investments, finances
D. Reforms on economic and political practices

5. Non-state institutions are often seen as doing what the government also does. To
set it apart from the government, which of the following terms BEST describes non-
state institutions?
A. Involuntary
B. Locally-based
C. Non-governmental
D. Publicly and privately owned

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6. Which non-state institution raises awareness on certain issues, such as Amnesty


International for human rights violations?
A. Advocacy groups
B. Civil organizations, e.g. religion
C. Civil organizations, e.g. research
D. Transnational development agencies

7. Civil organizations come in many form. Which one is MOST expected to show the
realities of the daily living of ordinary members of society?
A. Law firms
B. Mass media
C. Overseas research team
D. People’s organizations in communities

8. The state works as a family, it creates agencies to provide for the welfare of its
members. Meanwhile, non-state institutions work as _______________ to lessen the
burden of the state-government.
A. parents
B. brothers and sisters
C. tito and tita
D. lolo and lola

9. Helen is maltreated by her employer in Saudi Arabia where she works as a


domestic helper. What government agency must she seek help?
A. Department of Health
B. Department of Interior and Local Government
C. Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
D. Department of Education

10. Former United States of America vice president Al Gore went to the country last
2017 to speak about the impacts of climate change. This kind of advocacy is the duty
provided by a non-state agency known as ____.
A. Bank
B. Corporation
C. Civil organization
D. Development agencies

11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about non-state institutions?


A. Some are for profit while some are not.
B. Some are foreign while some are local.
C. They contribute a lot to the economy.
D. They do not influence what the government does.

12. Non-state institutions are not directly connected to the government, but still play
a significant role in performing state functions. Which of the following is LEAST likely
to be a classification of non-state institutions?
A. Civil
B. Market
C. Political
D. Transnational

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13. Non-state institutions function just like the government. In relation to


government functions, what term BEST describes the function of non-state
institutions?
A. Band-aid
B. Gap-filling
C. Long-term
D. Replacement

14. Non-state institutions play a very important role in people’s daily lives. Which
non-state institution helps people acquire money or property in order to start a
business?
A. Banks
B. Cooperatives
C. Corporations
D. Trade unions

15. If workers want to convince the government to end contractualization but the
government is not listening, which non-state institution will be able to gather workers
and force dialogue with the government?
A. Cooperative
B. Labor unions
C. Rural and farmers’ banks
D. Workers who are members of corporations

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Additional Activities

Direction: Match each problem with the non-state institution that could solve the
issue. Write the letters of your choice on the blanks.

_____A. Medicines are very expensive in your local drugstores.


_____B. The sea is running out of fish because of dynamite fishing.
_____C. You want to buy a house but will never have enough money for it.
_____D. You work for 18 hours a day and you cannot take it any longer.
_____E. Your community is always flooded and building a dam is needed.

F G H I J
Advocacy Bank Cooperative Development Trade
Group Agency Union

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References

“The Philippines”. Accessed June 9, 2020. www.family.jrank.org/ pages/1277/


philippines.html.
Baleña Edrlina D., Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta. 2016. Understanding Culture
Society and Politics. Quezon City: Educational Resource Corporation.
Contreras, Antonio P., Areleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasaga and Cecile C. Fadrigon.
2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.

De Leon, Hector S. 2008. Philippine Constitution. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Halili-Jao, Nina . 2018 “The evolving Filipino family value system”. Philstar.com. Accessed
June 9, 2020. www.philstar.com/lifestyle/allure/2018/07/29/1837596/evolving-
filipino-family-value-sytem.
Panopio, Isabel S., Felicidad V. Cordero-MacDonald and Adelisa A. Raymundo. 1995.
Sociology Focus on the Philippines. Quezon City, Rex Publishing House Inc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex


Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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