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Genbio 1 MOD12 Transport Mechanisms in Cell

biology (Sultan Kudarat State University)

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Senior High School

General Biology 1
Module 12
Transport Mechanisms in Cell

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General Biology 1
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 12: Transport Mechanisms in Cell
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module


Writer : June D. Do-oma
Editors: Rowena P. Matavia, Lenie G. Forro
Reviewers: Yusof A. Aliudin, Agabai S. Kandalayang, Sheryl B. Bautista, Aida S. Delon,
Rowena P. Alterado, Ma.Kristine B. Latris, and Eloisa R. Agni
Illustrator: June D. Do-oma
Layout Artist: Glen D. Napoles, Jay Ar O. Espartero, Alex C. Macale, and
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SHS

General Biology 1
Module 12
Transport Mechanisms in Cell

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Transport


Mechanisms in Cell.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Note to the Teacher


Hello, my dear facilitator! This module is packed with series of activities
related to cell discovery, theory, types, structures and functions that will enable
your learners to enhance their skills on this specific competency. As a facilitator
of learning, you are hereby authorized to instruct your learners to carefully read
and understand this module because it contains necessary information about
the lesson that they need to answer the given tasks to develop critical thinking
leading them to fulfill the activities as they learn. Please tell your learners to
complete and perform the activities included in this module. Just enjoy your
journey with the cells.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Transport


Mechanisms in Cell.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to


check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link


the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be


introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the


lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent


practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank


sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will


help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your


level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given


to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the


module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

Hello my dear learner! How are you? Look around you. Is it wonderful to see
plants, animals and other living organisms? Have you ever questioned how these
living organisms grow? How water from soil enter the roots? How oxygen and carbon
dioxide enter and leave the lungs? Also how glucose from the small intestine enter
the blood?

In this module you will find out that there are simple and complex activities
that are happening in the cell. The cell has transport mechanisms namely the Passive
and active transport that allow selective materials to come in and come out of the
cell. You will be able to understand how passive transport and active transport
works.

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Explain transport mechanisms in cell (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport,


active transport) (STEM_BIO11/12-Ig-H-14)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify passive and active transport;


2. illustrate the movement of particles in passive and active transport;
3. relate transport mechanisms in daily life.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its
environment?
A. Cell membrane
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes

2. Which of the following is the function of cell membrane?


A. Keeps the cell wall in place.
B. Stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates.
C. Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods.
D. Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

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3. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials
from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
A. Bilipids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Proteins

4. What causes diffusion?


A. Molecules are attracted to one another.
B. Molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
C. Cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.
D. Cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.

5. During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a


membrane is equal, which of the following will likely happen to the molecules?
A. Stop moving across the membrane.
B. Move across the membrane going inside of the cell
C. Move across the membrane and goes out of the cell.
D. Continue to move across the membrane in both directions.

6. How do you call the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable


membrane is called?
A. Active transport
B. Endocytosis
C. Osmosis
D. Osmotic pressure

7. Which of the following is an example of active transport where liquid


materials are engulf inside the cell.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis

8. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion

9. What type of transport is endocytosis?


A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Passive transport

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10. All of the following are types of passive transport EXCEPT


A. Diffusion
B. Endocytosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Osmosis

12. The following are ways on how unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis
EXCEPT
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Cell specialization
D. Response to the environment

12. How will you describe homeostasis ?


A. Organisms are unicellular
B. Organisms are composed of organ system
C. Organisms are composed of specialized cell
D. Organisms have constant internal physical conditions

13. What is the role of ATP in active transport?


A. It strengthens the fatty acid chains in the membrane .
B. It provides the energy to transport cell towards its environment.
C. It weakens the membrane, allowing molecules to pass through.
D. It provides energy to support cells that need to move molecules
against concentration gradients.

14. All of the following are examples of compounds that are moved by facilitated
diffusion EXCEPT
A. Glucose
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Water

15. What kind of material is transported through osmosis?


A. Blood
B. Water
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen fixing bacteria

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What’s In

Hello my dear learner! In your previous activity you learned that plasma
membrane provides structure for the cell. It is semipermeable thus protecting the
cell by controlling what enters and comes out of it. It is composed of phospholipids
bilayer, a head that is polar and a tail that is nonpolar. This phospholipid bilayer
determines what molecules can move into or out and largely responsible for
maintaining balance in the cell.

Below are questions to help you check what you have learned. Write your answer
on your activity notebook.

A. What are the compositions of Cell/plasma membrane?

B. What are the functions of cell/plasma membrane?

What’s New

Hello there! I need your help. I want to find out how water and other particles
are transported to and from the cell. Can you help me? All we have to do is read and
understand the context below to find out. Are you ready? Let’s start!

Directions: Read the paragraphs below and answer the questions that follow in a
separate sheet .

Membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the


passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through cell/plasma
membranes, which are lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them. The
regulation of passage through the membrane is due to selective membrane
permeability - a characteristic of biological membranes which allows them to
separate substances of distinct chemical nature. In other words, they can be
permeable to certain substances but not to others.

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Figure 1.Passive transport Figure 2. Active transport

The movements of most solutes through the membrane are mediated by


membrane transport proteins which are specialized to varying degrees in the
transport of specific molecules. As the diversity and physiology of the distinct cells is
highly related to their capacities to attract different external elements, it is postulated
that there is a group of specific transport proteins for each cell type and for every
specific physiological stage. This differential expression is regulated through the
differential transcription of the genes coding for these proteins and its translation,
for instance, through genetic-molecular mechanisms, but also at the cell biology
level: the production of these proteins can be activated by cellular signaling
pathways, at the biochemical level, or even by being situated in cytoplasmic vesicles.

1. What types of material are transported inside or outside of the cell?


2. What are the roles of cell/plasma membrane in transporting materials inside
and outside of the cell?

What is It

There are two major ways in which molecule or particles can move across a
membrane. It is either by passive or active transport.

Passive Transport This process does not require energy for molecules to pass
through the plasma membrane. Molecules move down their concentration gradient.
A gradient is any imbalance in the concentration. Passive transport moves molecules
from higher concentration to lower concentration. This process is carried out to
maintain an equilibrium level in a cell. Passive transport moves molecules by Simple
Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion or Osmosis.

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Figure 4 Facilitated diffusion Figure 5 Simple diffusion

Simple Diffusion allows non polar molecules such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) to pass directly on the membrane. Facilitated Diffusion does not
require energy but needs a membrane transport channel or carrier protein to
transport ions such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+).

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion specifically associated with the


movement of water molecules. A solution with higher concentration of solutes is said
to be hypertonic while a solution with a lower concentration of solutes is hypotonic.
Water crosses the membrane until the solute concentrations are equal on both sides.
Solutions of equal solution concentration are said to be isotonic.

Active Transport is the movement of molecules from region of low


concentration to high concentration. It occurs against a concentration gradient that
is why it requires energy released from ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) for molecules
to pass through the cell membrane. Complex sugar, ions, large cells, proteins, and
other particles are transported in this process. There are two categories: primary
active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport uses
energy usually through ATP hydrolysis. Secondary active transport relies on primary
active transport, it requires energy and moves against a concentration gradients.

Figure 5. Active transport (Sodium-Potassium Pump)

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Exocytosis, endocytosis and sodium-potassium pump are a few examples of


active transport. Large molecules enter the cell by generalized non-selective process
known as endocytosis. Phagocytosis is endocytosis of a particulate material while
pinocytosis is endocytosis of liquid material. In this process, the plasma membrane
engulfs the particle or fluid droplet and pinches off a membranous sac or vesicles
with a particular fluid inside into the cytoplasm. Exocytosis is the reverse process
where a membrane- bound vesicle filled with bulky materials moves to the plasma
membrane and fuses with it. In this process, the vesicles contents are released out
of the cell.

What’s More

Directions: Using the Venn diagram lists down the differences of passive transport
and active transport. Place similarities between the two at the center.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Passive Active
Transport Similarities Transport

Rubric for rating your answer

5 Points 8 Points 10 Points


Criteria
( Satisfactory) ( Very SATISFACTORY) (Excellent)

2 correct statements Has 3 or more correct


Passive 1 correct statement
listed under this statements listed under
transport listed in this heading
heading this heading

2 correct statements Has 3 or more correct


Active 1 correct statement
listed under this statements listed under
transport listed in this heading
heading this heading

Has no correct Has 1 incomplete


Applies Has 1 or more correct
statement that applies statements that apply
Both statements that apply both
both both

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What I Have Learned

Directions: Using the graphic organizer, write the necessary information to


complete the concept about transport mechanisms.

MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Definition (1)

Categories

Passive
transport (2)

Types Types

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Characteristics Characteristics
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
(8) (9)
(10) (11) (12)

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What I Can Do

Directions: Perform the following activities and answer the questions that follow on
a separate sheet of paper.

Rubrics for rating your answer

0 Point 8 Points
4Points 6 Points 10 Points
Criterion (Very
(Needs
(Poor) (Satisfactory) (Excellent)
Improvement) Satisfactory)

Answers are Answers are


Answers are
partial or not Answers are
comprehensive
incomplete. comprehensiv accurate
, accurate and
Key points e or and
Did not complete. Key
are not completely complete.
Content answer ideas are
clear. stated. Key Key points
question. clearly stated,
Question points are are stated
explained, and
not addressed, and
well
adequately but not well supported.
supported.
answered. supported.

Inadequate
organization
Organizatio Organizatio
or Well organized,
Did not n and n is mostly
Organizati development. coherently
answer structure clear and
on Structure of developed, and
question. detract from easy to
the answer is easy to follow.
the answer. follow.
not easy to
follow.

Displays Displays
over five Displays three one to three Displays no
errors in to five errors errors in errors in
Writing Did not spelling, in spelling, spelling, spelling,
conventio answer punctuation punctuation, punctuation punctuation,
ns question. , grammar, grammar, and , grammar, grammar, and
and sentence and sentence
sentence structure. sentence structure
structure. structure.

Activity 1. Observe Me
Materials: one (1) sliced tomato or cucumber/pipino
2-3 tablespoon Salt, 1 flat dish.
Procedures:
1. Put the slice tomato or cucumber on a flat dish.
2. Sprinkle salt around the slice tomato or cucumber.
3. Observe what will happen for 30minutes to one hour.

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Answer the following questions.

1. Do you see water around /side of the tomato or cucumber?

2. How will you relate it on your learning’s about transport


mechanism?

Activity 2. What happens to Me


Material: wilted (dried) potted plant

Procedure:

1. Look for a wilted Dried) potted plant around you.


2. Put enough water to the wilted (dried) potted plant.
3. Observe what happen to the plant the following day.

Answer the question.

1. Is the plant still wilted or dried? Why?

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. The use of energy to force molecules to move out of the cell is an example of
what type of transport?
A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Passive transport
D. Facilitated diffusion

2. In what direction does a diffusing substance move?


A. It depends on the substance.
B. Up its concentration gradient.
C. Down its concentration gradient.
D. In the opposite direction of its normal movement.

3. Which of the following factors contribute to the occurrence of diffusion?


A. Molecules are attracted to one another.
B. Molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
C. Cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.
D. Cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.

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4. In facilitated diffusion, molecules cross the cell membrane with the help of
special channels. What are the special channels made of?
A. Proteins
B. Nucleic acid
C. Carbon bonds
D. Water molecules

5. Endocytosis is what type of transport?


A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Passive transport

6. Which of the following is not a type of passive transport?


A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

7. What is the role of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in the process of active


transport?
A. It strengthens the fatty acid chains in the membrane.
B. It provides the energy to transport the cell in its environment.
C. It weakens the membrane, allowing molecules to pass through.
D. It provides energy that cells need to move molecules against a
concentration gradient.

8. In which particular process will water be transported in or out of the cell?


A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Simple diffusion
D. Facilitated diffusion

9. What type of transport does this image represent?

A. Osmosis
B. Simple diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated transport

10. Which statement regarding active transport is TRUE?


A. Substances can only move into the cell, not out of the cell.
B. Substances do not require energy to move in and out of the cell.
C. Substances can only cross the cell membrane if they are water
soluble.
D. Substances move from areas of low concentration to areas of high
concentration.

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11. Suppose you stayed in a bathtub too long causing your hands and feet to look
wrinkled. What kind of passive transport caused this effect?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Exocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

12. Which best describes the role of endocytosis in cell transport?


A. Endocytosis moves substance into the cell.
B. Endocytosis moves substance out of the cell.
C. Endocytosis moves substance in and out of the cell against
concentration gradient.
D. Endocytosis moves substance in and out of the cell down the
concentration gradient.

13. Which of the following compounds move through facilitated diffusion?

I. Glucose III. Sodium

II. Potassium IV. Water

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II, III and IV only
D. II and III only

14. Does passive transport requires energy to transport molecules in and out of
the cell?
A. Yes, it needs energy to transport molecules.
B. No, it does not need energy to transport molecules.
C. Yes, energy from ATP is required to transport molecules.
D. Yes, ATP hydrolysis is necessary to transport molecules in and out
of the cell.

15. Which of the following best describe the difference between passive
transport and active transport?

I. Active transport requires cellular proteins; passive transport does not.


II. Active transport works against gravity; passive transport works with
gravity.
III. Active transport occurs in multicellular organisms; passive transport
occurs in single-cell organisms.
IV. Active transports require cellular energy for substance to cross the
cell membrane; passive transport does not.

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II and III only
D. IV only

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Additional Activities

Directions: Below are activities that take place in living organisms. Identify the type
of transport mechanisms (Diffusion, Osmosis, Active transport) that these
activities undergo and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Oxygen and carbon dioxide entering and leaving the lungs.


2. Glucose from small intestines entering the blood.
3. Water moving across the walls of nephrons into the kidneys.
4. Minerals from the soil entering plants roots.
5. Nutrients moving across small intestines into the blood.
6. Water from the soil entering plants roots.

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Whats I have learned
1. Collection of mechanisms that
regulate the passage of solutes
such as ions and small molecules
through plasma membrane.
Assessment 2. Active transport
Additional 3. Simple diffusion
Activities 1. A 4. Facilitated diffusion
2. C 5. Osmosis
1. Simple diffusion 3. B 6. Endocytosis
2. Active transport 7. Exocytosis
4. C
3. Osmosis 8. Allows non polar molecules such
4. Diffusion 5. A
as oxygen and carbon dioxide to
5. Active transport 6. B pass directly on the membrane.
6. Osmosis 7. D 9. Does not require energy but
8. C needs a membrane transport
9. B channel or carrier protein.
10. D 10. Special type of diffusion
11. D specifically associated with the
movement of water.
12. A
11. Requires energy to engulf
13. C molecules in the plasma
14. B membrane into the cytoplasm.
15. D 12. Molecules are released out of the
cell.
Whats more
Passive Transport
Does not require energy for molecules to What I Know
pass through the plasma membrane.
1. A
Molecules move down their 2. D
concentration gradient ( higher to lower 3. D
concentration) 4. B
5. D
Similarities Whats In 6. C
Both passive and Active transport takes 7. D
1. Phospholipid
place in the plasma membrane. 8. C
bilayers, a head
9. A
and a tail
Active Transport 10. B
2. It provides 11. C
Requires energy for molecules to pass
structure for the 12. D
through the plasma membrane.
cell and it controls 13. D
Molecules move against a concentration what enters and 14. A
gradient ( lower-higher concentration. goes out of the cell. 15. B
Answer Key
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References

https://teachers.stjohns.K12.fl.us/lyons-s/files/2014/11/Cell-Trasport-Practice-
Test.pdf. n.d. https://teachers.stjohns.K12.fl.us/lyons-
s/files/2014/11/Cell-Trasport-Practice-Test.pdf (accessed may 20, 2020).
https://www.ck12.org/biology/cell-transport/lesson/Cell-Transport-Advance-Bio-
ADV/. n.d. https://www.ck12.org/biology/cell-transport/lesson/Cell-
Transport-Advance-Bio-ADV/ (accessed may 18, 2020).
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-across-a-cell-
membrane/a/passive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-membrane-
article. n.d.

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Disclaimer
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with the
primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this
module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential learning Competencies (MELC). This
is a supplementary material used by all learners of region XII in all public schools
beginning 2020-2021. This process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedbacks,
comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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