Genbio 2 Mod12.1 Reproduction Development

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Genbio 2 MOD12.1 Reproduction-Development
Medical Technology (Southwestern University PHINMA)
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Senior
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High School
General Biology 2
Module 12.1
Reproduction and Development
of Plants and Animals

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General Biology 2
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 12.1: Reproduction and Development of Plants and Animals
First Edition, 2020
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SHS
General Biology 2
Module 1
Reproduction and Development
of Plants and Animals

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the General Biology 2 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Reproduction and
Development of Plants and Animals.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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the module:
Notes to the Teacher
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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Reproduction and
Development of Plants and Animals.
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depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
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module.
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check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
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module.
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
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What I Need to Know

Plants and Animals reproduce, develop and find foods to sustain those processes
involve but what is the difference between plants and animals in terms of
reproduction and development?
This module will lead you to understand the following processes in plants and
animals in terms of reproduction and development.
Most Essential Learning Competencies
 Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:

reproduction and development (STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1).
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Compare and contrast reproduction and development of plants and

animals;
2. Make a diagram on the difference between plants and animals in terms of
reproduction and development; and
3. Value the importance of reproduction and development of plants and animals.
What I Know
Directions: Select the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
1. What is the biological process in which different organisms have the ability
to produce another of their kind?
A. Circulation
B. Development
C. Nutrition
D. Reproduction
2. What type of asexual reproduction wherein an organism is produced from
the detached body part of its parent?
A. Budding
B. Binary Fission
C. Fragmentation
D. Spore formation
3. What is a fertilized egg?
A. Embryo
B. Ovum
C. Sperm
D. Zygote

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4. Which kind of asexual reproduction reproduces from an outgrowth part of

the parent?
A. Budding
B. Binary Fission
C. Fragmentation
D. Spore formation
5. Which asexual reproduction wherein a parent organism splits into two
daughter organisms?
A. Binary fission
B. Fragmentation
C. Spore formation
D. Vegetative reproduction
6. Which of the following organisms exhibit Binary fission?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Dandelion
C. Ferns
D. Hydra
7. Which asexual reproduction wherein plant part is used to reproduce
another plant?
A. Binary fission
B. Fragmentation
C. Spore formation
8. What organism reproduces in the form of Budding?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Dandelion
C. Ferns
D. Hydra
9. Which asexual reproduction involves the production of spores?
A. Binary fission
B. Fragmentation
C. Spore formation
10. Which is TRUE about asexual reproduction?
A. presence of zygote
B. does not involve gametes
C. union of sperm cell and egg cell
D. exhibited by higher forms of organisms
11. All of the following is the comparison of plants and animals in terms of
their reproduction, EXCEPT
A. plants need a vector such as an insect for reproduction
B. animals and plants have the same ways of reproduction
C. plants and animals both use color display for reproduction
D. most animals requires physical interaction with each other

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12. Which organisms do NOT exhibit asexual reproduction?

A. bacteria
B. dog
C. sea star
D. strawberry
13. Which is TRUE about sexual reproduction?
A. it needs pollinators
B. it does not involves zygote
C. reproduces from the body part
D. involves sperm cell and egg cell
14. Is it true that (I) reproduction allows organisms to propagate and improve
their species and (II) only those that have the genes necessary for survival
can proliferate and pass them on to the next generation?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15. Is it true that (I) plants and animals have the same sexual selection while
(II) plants use color display for reproduction?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
Lesson
Reproduction of Plants
and Animals
1
What’s In
From your previous topic about the Evolution and Origin of Biodiversity.
Answer the following questions: What is Evolution? And How Origin of Biodiversity
started? Let’s connect to the Organismal Biology but before that try to rearrange the
rumbled letters to give you a clue on the lesson to be discussed. The rumbled letters
are E T R U N I P R D O C O . How do Plants and Animals differ?

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What’s New
Directions: Listed are the following characteristics or functions exhibited by plants

and animals. Classify them using the Venn diagram. Write only the letter of
your answer on your activity notebook.
A. Color Display B. Sexual Selection C. Extend their Species

D. Involves Sperm Cell and Egg Cell E. Does not involve gametes
F. Spore formation
PLANTS BOTH ANIMALS
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the difference of Plant Reproduction from Animal Reproduction?
2. What is the similarity of Plant Reproduction and Animal Reproduction?
What is It
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
1. What are the different types of asexual reproduction?
2. Explain in words or illustration the sexual reproduction of animals.
Plant Reproduction versus Animal Reproduction
Reproduction
Plants, animals, and other organism have the ability to reproduce.
Reproduction is a biological process in which different organisms have the ability to
produce another of their kind. With this ability, organisms are able to improve their
species and enhance their physical characteristics, because only those that have the
genes necessary for survival can proliferate and pass them on to the next generation.
In plants and animals, reproduction may either be sexual or asexual.
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes or sex cells. This type of
reproduction can be observed in some plants and in lower forms of animals.
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Types of Asexual Reproduction

1. Budding- an organism is reproduced by forming an outgrowth, or a <bud=,
from a part of the parent organism’s body. Example is Hydra.
Figure 1. Hydra
2. Fragmentation- an organism is produced from the detached body part of its
parent. Example is some species of sea stars.
Figure 2. Sea stars

3. Binary fission- a parent organism (e.g., a unicellular organism) splits into two
<daughter= organisms. This type of asexual reproduction is usually done by
prokaryotic organisms (e.g., bacteria) and some invertebrates. Example is
Cyanobacteria.
Figure 3. Cyanobacteria
4. Vegetative reproduction- a plant part is used to reproduce another plant.
Example is strawberry and kamote, etc..
Figure 4. Plants

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5. Spore formation- this involves the production of spores, which are specialized
asexual reproductive cells. Example is ferns.
Figure 5. Fern
Sexual Reproduction
On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes (i.e.,
the sperm and the egg cell) inside or outside the body of an organism. This type of
reproduction is exhibited only by higher forms of organisms, including humans. In
this process, the sperm and the egg fuse to create a fertilized egg known as the
zygote, which will eventually become the embryo. Figure 6.1 shows the process
necessary for sexual reproduction to occur.
Figure 6.1.Sexual reproduction in humans.

Reproductive Traits in Organisms
The reproduction of different organisms plays a vital role in the continuation
of their species, as well as their survival. There are a lot of physical differences in the
reproductive systems of plants and animals, but they also share certain similarities.
Plants and animals both use color display for reproduction. Plants use their physical
characteristics to attract pollinators. Some plants have bright-colored flowers to
attract insects, and thus enabling the transfer of pollen from one flower to another.
Figure 6.2 shows a bee feeding on nectar from a dandelion. As the bee feeds itself,
the pollen grains get attached to its hairy body. When the bee sips nectar from
another flower, the pollen grains that previously got attached to it are then
transferred; thus, reproduction happens.

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Figure 6.2. Pollination of dandelion by a bee

Some animals also use color display to attract a mate. The peacock in figure
6.3 shows a magnificent color display of its feathers during courtship. The peacock
does this to attract the female peafowl, the peahen.
Figure 6.3. A peacock displaying his plumage to a peafowl.
One distinguishing characteristic of animals is sexual selection, wherein

some male species compete with other males to copulate with females. This form of
natural selection allows successful transfer of genes from one generation to the next.
Another difference between plants and animals is their method of fertilization. Sexual
reproduction in most animals requires physical interaction with each other in close
proximity. In comparison, plants need a vector, such as an insect or a bird. Thus,
animals and plants have different ways of reproduction, but their main goal is the
same: to extend their species.

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What’s More
Directions: Column A is the definition of term in the Column B. Select the word/s
from the Column B that best describes its definition from the Column A. Write
the letter of your answer on your activity notebook.
Column A Column B
1. produce specialized asexual cells a. Sexual selection
2. produced from detached body part b. Color display
3. male species compete with other male species c. Plumage
4. change in color of a peacock d. Spore formation
5. use physical characteristics to attract e. Fragmentation
f. Budding
g. Binary fission
What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the questions below. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
Questions:
1. What are the physical differences and similarities in the reproduction systems
of plants and animals?
2. What is the difference of sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?
Rubrics for Scoring
Excellent Very Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement

Criteria
4 3 2 1
Thoughtfully Somewhat
Well organized organized and organized and
Choppy and
in logical Easy to follow somewhat
confusing. Contains
Organization format and most of the time. incoherent.
a limited number of
contains main Contains most of Contains only
concepts.
concepts the main a few of the
concepts main concepts.

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Justifies key Justifies few Regardless of the

results and Justifies some results or evidence or reasons,
Justifiable
procedures, results or procedures, maintains or
procedures
explains procedures, seldom defends views based
and results
assumptions explains reasons. explains on self-interest or
and reasons. reasons preconceptions.
What I Can Do
Directions: Answer the question below. Do it in your activity notebook.

Humans play a significant role in society and in the environment. As a product
of the previous generation, how can you contribute in improving our society for the
benefit of the next generation?
Assessment
notebook.
1. Which asexual reproduction explains spore formation?

A. Production of spores
B. Plant parts is used to reproduce
C. Produced from detached body part
D. Splits into two daughter organisms
2. What kind of asexual reproduction a Budding is all about?
C. Splits into two daughter organisms
D. Produced from outgrowth body part
3. Which asexual reproduction considered as Vegetative reproduction?

C. Splits into two daughter organisms
D. Produced from outgrowth body part
4. What type of asexual reproduction explains Fragmentation?
C. Produced from detached body part
D. Splits into two daughter organisms

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5. What is the biological process in which different organisms have the ability
to produce another of their kind?
A. Circulation
B. Development
C. Nutrition
D. Reproduction
6. Which of the following organisms reproduce through Binary fission?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Dandelion
C. Ferns
D. Hydra
7. Which asexual reproduction describes a Binary fission?
A. production of spores
B. plant parts is used to reproduce
C. splits into two daughter organisms
D. produced from outgrowth body part
8. What organism reproduces in the form of Budding?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Dandelion
C. Ferns
D. Hydra
9. Which is the product of fertilized sperm cell and egg cell?
A. Embryo
B. Ovum
C. Sperm
D. Zygote
10. All of the following is the characteristics of sexual reproduction, EXCEPT
A. presence of zygote
B. does not involve gametes
C. union of sperm cell and egg cell
D. exhibited by higher forms of organisms
11. Which of the following is NOT included in the comparison of plants and
animals in terms of their reproduction?
A. plants need a vector such as an insect for reproduction
B. animals and plants have the same ways of reproduction
C. plants and animals both use color display for reproduction
D. most animals requires physical interaction with each other
12. All of the following organisms are a product of asexual reproduction,
EXCEPT
A. bacteria
B. dog
C. sea star
D. strawberry
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13. Which does NOT explains an asexual reproduction?

A. it needs pollinators
B. it does not involves zygote
C. reproduces from the body part
D. involves sperm cell and egg cell
14. Is it true that (I) plants and animals have the same sexual selection while
(II) plants use color display for reproduction?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15. Is it true that (I) reproduction allows organisms to propagate and improve
their species and (II) only those that have the genes necessary for survival
can proliferate and pass them on to the next generation?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
Additional Activities
Make a survey on the methods or ways on how your parents reproduce or

propagate their own favorite plants. Explain briefly the methods.
What I Know
notebook.
1. What process of development where plants have sexual and asexual life
cycles?
A. Alternation of generations
B. Gametogenesis
C. Morphogenesis
D. Sporization
2. What process of development is also called the change in shape?

B. Morphogenesis
C. Gametogenesis
D. Sporization
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3. What stage wherein plants produce spores first before forming the
gametes?
A. Gametogenesis
B. Meiosis
C. Mitosis
D. Sporization
4. What evidence showing gene comparison of plants and animals is not
much similar?
A. Molecular evidence
B. Evolutionary history
C. Phylogenetic evidence
D. Primitive ancestor evidence
5. What stages of development wherein plant cells are positionally fixed?
A. Growth stages
B. Meiosis stages
C. Unicellular stages
D. Multicellular stages
6. What stages of development wherein the body plan of animals is
determined by its genes?
A. Growth stages
B. Meiosis stages
7. What determine the body plan of animals during growth stage?
A. Environment
B. Gene
C. Life cycle
D. Reproduction
8. Which of the following undergo alternation of generations?
A. Animals
B. Humans
C. Microorganisms
D. Plants
9. Which of the following produces spores first before forming the gametes?
A. Animals
B. Humans
C. Microorganisms
D. Plants
10. Which is TRUE about the development of plants and animals?
A. They progressed differently
B. Similarity between the genes
C. Plant cells is highly regulated by its genes
D. Animal life cycle undergo sexual and asexual life cycle
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11. All of the following are the developmental differences between plants and
Animals, EXCEPT
A. Animal cells are motile
B. Plant cells are positionally fixed
C. Animals do not undergo alternation of generations
D. Plants can choose or change their growing locations
12. Which is NOT included in the development of plants?
A. Plants produce spores
B. They undergo sexual and asexual life cycles
C. Has only one continuous multicellular stage
D. Body plan of plants is regulated by environment
13. All of the following describes the development of animals, EXCEPT
A. Gametes are not directly formed
B. Animals are determined by its genes
D. Animals can choose or change their growing locations
14. Is it true that (I) Plants develop by going through a longer period of
morphogenesis or change in shape while (II) Animals develop into a
distinct and complete body shape?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15. Is it true that (I) Plants grow by increasing the number of cells whereas
(II) Animals grow by increasing their cell size?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
Lesson
DEVELOPMENT OF
PLANTS AND ANIMALS
2
What’s In
From your previous topic about the Reproduction of Plants and Animals. How
do plants and animals reproduce? What is the similarity and difference in terms of
their reproduction? Let’s connect to the next topic but before that try to rearrange
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the rumbled letters to give you a clue on the lesson to be discussed. The rumbled
letters are M V E P N E L D E O T . How do Plants and Animals differ?
What’s New
Directions: Complete the following table to show the differences in the development
of plants and animals. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
Feature Plant Animal
Life cycle
Growth pattern
Cell growth
(in size or in number)
Change in body shape
Formation of gametes
What is It
Directions: Answer the following problems. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
1. What are the differences of plants and animals development?
2. Illustrate the comparison of life cycles between plants and animals.
Developmental Difference of Plants and Animals
Development
Plants and animals have progressed differently. Based on phylogenetic
evidence or the evolutionary history of organisms, the primitive ancestor of plants
and animals was likely a unicellular eukaryote. However, based on molecular
evidence from gene comparisons, there is not much similarity between the genes that
make up the body plan of plants and of animals.
At the unicellular stages of their development, plant cells are positionally fixed,
which means that they are not capable of movement, whereas animal cells are motile
or capable of movement. During the growth stages, the body plan of plants is highly
regulated by the environment because plants cannot choose or change their growing
locations, whereas the body plan of animals is clearly determined by its genes. Plant
and animal life cycles are also different from one another. Most plants undergo
alternation of generations, where they have sexual and asexual life cycles, whereas
the animal life cycle has only one continuous multicellular stage (after fertilization).
Figure 6.4 shows the comparison between the life cycles of plants and animals.
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Figure 6.4. Comparison between life cycles of animals and plants

The processes in the formation of gametes are also different between plants
and animals. During meiosis, plants produce spores first before forming the gametes,
whereas in animals, the gametes are directly formed. Another developmental
difference between plants and animals is shown in their morphogenesis, or change
in shape. Plants develop by going through a longer period of morphogenesis than
animals. Plants just grow and develop continuously until they die, whereas animals
develop into a distinct and complete body shape (usually during adulthood). Plants
grow by increasing their cell size, whereas animals grow by increasing the number
of their cells.
What’s More
Directions: Column A is the definition of term in the Column B. Select the word/s
from the Column B that best describes its definition from the Column A. Write
the letter of your answer on your activity notebook.
Column A Column B
1. evolutionary history of organisms a. alternation of generations
2. change in shape b. meiosis
3. gene comparisons c. morphogenesis
4. sexual and asexual life cycles d. phylogenetic evidence
5. formation of spores and gametes e. molecular evidence
f. growth stage
g. body plan
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the questions below. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
Questions:
1. What are the differences in the development of plants and animals in terms of
life cycle?
2. What is the difference of morphogenesis in plants and animals?
What I Can Do
Directions: Use your basic knowledge on development to answer the problem. Do it

in your activity notebook.
1. List down all the development you observed in your body especially its
morphogenesis and life cycle.
Assessment
notebook.
1. Which stages of development wherein the body plan of animals is
determined by its genes?
A. Growth stages
B. Meiosis stages
2. Which of the following undergo alternation of generations?
A. Animals
B. Humans
C. Microorganisms
D. Plants
3. Which stage wherein plants produce spores first before forming the
gametes?
A. Gametogenesis
B. Meiosis
C. Mitosis
D. Sporization
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4. Which process of development is also called the change in shape?

B. Morphogenesis
C. Gametogenesis
D. Sporization
5. What stages of development wherein plant cells are positionally fixed?
A. Growth stages
B. Meiosis stages
6. What process of development where plants have sexual and asexual life
cycles?
B. Gametogenesis
C. Morphogenesis
D. Sporization
7. Which determine the body plan of animals during growth stage?
A. Environment
B. Gene
C. Life cycle
D. Reproduction
8. What evidence showing gene comparison of plants and animals is not
much similar?
A. Molecular evidence
B. Evolutionary history
C. Phylogenetic evidence
D. Primitive ancestor evidence
9. Which of the following produces spores first before forming the gametes?
A. Animals
B. Humans
C. Microorganisms
D. Plants
10. Which is NOT included in the development of animals?
A. Gametes are not directly formed
B. Animals are determined by its genes
D. Animals can choose or change their growing locations
11. Which is TRUE about the development of plants and animals?
A. They progressed differently
B. Similarity between the genes
C. Plant cells is highly regulated by its genes
D. Animal life cycle undergo sexual and asexual life cycle
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12. All of the following describes the development of plants, EXCEPT

A. Plants produce spores
B. They undergo sexual and asexual life cycles
D. Body plan of plants is regulated by environment
13. Which is NOT included in the developmental differences between plants
and animals?
A. Animal cells are motile
B. Plant cells are positionally fixed
C. Animals do not undergo alternation of generations
D. Plants can choose or change their growing locations
14. Is it true that (I) Plants grow by increasing the number of cells whereas
(II) Animals grow by increasing their cell size?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15. Is it true that (I) Plants develop by going through a longer period of
morphogenesis or change in shape while (II) Animals develop into a
distinct and complete body shape?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
Additional Activities
Directions: List down the developmental stages of human and describe briefly
every stage.
18

19
What’s New
Lesson 1
Plant- E, F
Both- A, C What’s More
Animals- B, D Lesson 1
1. C
Lesson 2 2. E
3. D
Plant Animal 4. A
5. B
-alternation of generations -one continuous
Lesson 2
-continuous growth -distinct and complete 1. D
2. E
-in size -in number
3. B
4. A
-longer period -shorter period
5. C
-spores first -gametes directly
Assessment What I Know Assessment What I Know
(Lesson 2) (Lesson 2) (Lesson 1) (Lesson 1)
1. A 1. A 1. A 1. D
2. D 2. B 2. D 2. C
3. B 3. B 3. B 3. D
4. B 4. A 4. C 4. A
5. C 5. C 5. D 5. A
6. A 6. A 6. A 6. A
7. B 7. B 7. C 7. D
8. A 8. D 8. D 8. D
9. D 9. D 9. D 9. C
10. A 10. A 10. B 10. B
11. A 11. D 11. B 11. B
12. C 12. C 12. B 12. B
13. D 13. A 13. D 13. D
14. D 14. C 14. B 14. C
15. C 15. D 15. C 15. B
Answer Key
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lOMoARcPSD|40250116
References
Javier, Mark Archei O. Diwa Senior High School Series: General Biology 2. 4/F SEDCCO 1
Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legazpi Streets, Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati City: DIWA
LEARNING SYSTEMS INC, 2017.
http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch13/hydra_budding.html
http://www.madreporite.com/science/regeneration.html
https://www.labroots.com/trending/microbiology/2094/cell-division-z-marks-the-spot
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5720797/
https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/beauty/ferns/structure.shtml
https://www.123rf.com/photo_98443437_stock-vector-education-chart-of-biology-for-
reproduction-process-of-human-diagram-vector-illustration-.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Pollination_Bee_Dandelion_Zoom.J
PG
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/464504149063151753/
https://www.slideshare.net/jayswan/chapter-38-angiosperm-reproduction
20

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Disclaimer
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by the DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN

with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents
of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC). This is a supplementary material used by all learners of region XII in all
public schools beginning 2020-2021. This process of LR development was observed
in the production of this module. This version 1.0 highly encourage feedback,
comments and recommendations.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource Management
System (LRMS)
Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax No. (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

Genbio 2 Mod12.1 Reproduction Development

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Genbio 2 MOD12.1 Reproduction-Development

Medical Technology (Southwestern University PHINMA)

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Notes to the Teacher

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For the learner:

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

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What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competencies

 Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast reproduction and development of plants and

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4. Which kind of asexual reproduction reproduces from an outgrowth part of

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12. Which organisms do NOT exhibit asexual reproduction?

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Directions: Listed are the following characteristics or functions exhibited by plants

A. Color Display B. Sexual Selection C. Extend their Species

PLANTS BOTH ANIMALS

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Types of Asexual Reproduction

Figure 2. Sea stars

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Figure 6.1.Sexual reproduction in humans.

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Figure 6.2. Pollination of dandelion by a bee

Figure 6.3. A peacock displaying his plumage to a peafowl.

One distinguishing characteristic of animals is sexual selection, wherein

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What I Have Learned

2. What is the difference of sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?

Rubrics for Scoring

Excellent Very Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement

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Justifies key Justifies few Regardless of the

Directions: Answer the question below. Do it in your activity notebook.

1. Which asexual reproduction explains spore formation?

3. Which asexual reproduction considered as Vegetative reproduction?

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