Presented by

• Md. Salah Uddin ( Lovelu)

Senior Safety Trainer
BESI Private Limited

Learning partners: 1
Unit Objectives:
Awareness of the hazards and controls for Work At Height.
• Fall Prevention ( Scaffolding , Ladders)
• Fall Protection (Safety Harness)
• Falling Objects

Course outcomes:
Recognize the importance of all height safety controls and
guidelines.
Determines the serious consequences of not following the rules:
• Potential serious Injury/Death
• Failure to comply and appropriate Disciplinary action

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 Work at Height
Work at Height: “Work performed where there is potential for a
person to cause harm by falling from one level to another level
which is not the same level”

Fall protection must be in place where there is a fall potential of

1.8 meters or more.

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 Working at heights of 1.8 meters (6 feet) or higher above the
ground cannot proceed unless the following minimum Work at
Height requirements are adhered to:
 where work at height is undertaken it must be
performed from a safe working platform for example:

• permanent work structure with guard/ hand rails, green tagged

scaffolds, a mobile elevated work platform, crane man-basket etc.

• For work at height, all personnel are required to wear a harness type fall
protection which is equipped with two (2) lanyards in order to provide
compliance with the 100% tie-off policy.

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 Many work activities involve working at heights when using platforms such as
scaffolds, tower scaffolds, mobile elevated work platforms (MEWPS) or working
on a ladder.

• Work on roofs (buildings, tanks, vessels)

• At the edge of unguarded elevated structures
• At the edge of unguarded excavations
• Walkways and ramps
• Floor Openings
• Erecting formworks
• On the top of vehicles or trailers
• When ascending/descending tower cranes

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Why focus on “Safety at Height”?
Australian Safety and Compensation Council in 2018

Falls from Height 55

Being Hit by Moving Objects 53
Vehicle Accidents 51
Being Hit by Falling Objects 49
Contact with Electricity 30
Being Trapped by Moving Machinery 26
Drowning/Immersion 16
Other Mechanisms 39

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 Contributing factors when Working at Height Incidents occur?:

• Failing to use or tie off when wearing a harness

• Wearing the wrong sort of harness
• Wearing the harness incorrectly
• Incorrect use of fall prevention equipment
• Lack of job planning and job assessment
• Incorrect set up and use of elevated work platforms

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 Were these really the good old days?

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 What is really Wrong ?

 Fall protection must be in place where there is a fall potential of

1.8 meters or more.
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 Rules for Working at Height

 All personnel performing work at elevated positions shall meet

the following requirements:

• Understand the hazards of working at height

• Be trained in the use, inspection and maintenance of
fall arrest systems
• Demonstrate Practical competency in initial training
• Undergo refresher training as require by changes in the
workplace and/or equipment or as other events
indicating that refresher training is required.
• Where practicable a work platform with guard /
handrails shall be used

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 Rules for Working at Height
• Where practicable a work platform with guard / handrails shall be used
• All fall prevention equipment in use shall be fit for purpose and in good
condition (inspected by a competent person)
• An approved fall protection system shall be used for all work where there is
a potential to fall 1.8 metres or more
• Use the correct arrester systems to minimise how far you could fall

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 Rules for Working at Height

2 mtr length of
lanyard

1.2 mtr
deceleration
distance Total 6 meters
from anchorage

1.8 mtr height of

person

1 mtr safety
margin

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Fall Arrest & Fall Restrain

Fall Restrain Fall Arrest

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14
 Rules for Working at Height.

• Clip on to strong anchor points. (capable of supporting a

load of 2250kg)
• Ensure you are tied off 100% of the time when you are required to
use a fall arrest system
• Protect all from dropped objects.
• Do not take short cuts

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 Rules for Working at Height.
• Know how you will be recovered if you fall and are suspended.
• Always check the integrity of ladders used to access a ‘working at
height’ area.
• Prevent other people from entering the ‘working at height’ area unless
they are authorised to do so.
• Use hand line to raise tools and materials if required.
• All materials/tools must be 100% fall protected.
• Maintain good housekeeping.

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 Factors that Could Cause a Fall

 moving from one surface to

another at heights
 uncovered holes and
openings
 open edges not barricaded
 uneven surfaces
 moving surfaces
 poor lighting
 unsuitable foot wear
 slippery surfaces
 dust, wind and rain
 being struck by falling
objects
 incorrectly using a ladder
 incorrectly using fall
arresting equipment
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 Components of Fall Protection System

Lanyards Retracting and recoil or Rope Grabs

rewind device (Yo-Yo);

Full body harness Slings for beams Roof anchors

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 Components of Fall Protection System
Retracting and recoil or rewind device

Lanyard with shock

absorber

Life Lines

Connectors Lanyards Tripod 19

 Connectors

 A device that is used to couple (connect)

parts of the personal fall arrest systems and
positioning device together.
 Snap-hooks attached to lanyards shall be of
double action, self-closing and self-locking
type.
 Simple spring resistant snap hooks or screw
gate carabiners shall not be used for fall
protection.
 Only self-locking snap hooks are to be used
with positioning devices.

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 Choosing Fall Protection Equipment

• the height of the work area

• if you will be in a confined space

• the length of time you will need to perform

the task

• the flexibility of movement required to

perform the task

• the proximity of the task to the anchor

points

• the number of people required to perform

the task.

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 Personal Fall Arrest System

• Full body harness

• Shock absorbing double lanyard
• Double action/self locking
connectors
• In good working condition -
inspected quarterly and color coded.

No safety belts are allowed on the project,

only approved FULL BODY HARNESS with
2 shock absorbing lanyards are to be used !

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 Lifeline Systems
• Lifeline systems are points of attachment for fall protection lanyards and
harnesses.
• Lifelines shall not be used for any other purpose than fall protection.
• Lifelines shall be protected against being cut or abraded.
• Lifelines shall be inspected by a competent person weekly following the
same inspection procedure for scaffolds inspection.
• Only engineered lifeline systems approved by JGSK will be used on the
project and must be installed and used under the supervision of a
designated qualified person.

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 Personnel Cages (Man-Basket)

• The use of personnel cages should be

viewed as a last resort.
• All lifts involving Man Baskets shall
require a valid Cold Work Permit to
work including completion of a pre-lift
checklist.
• The SWL of the crane shall be down
rated by 50% of the load chart at the
operating radius when being used to
lift a man basket.

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 Donning the Safety Harness

 Visually check the harness to ensure all

components are in good condition.
 Fit the harness and tighten the straps so
they are firm, but comfortable.
 Make sure none of the straps are twisted
and that they lay flat against your body.
 The harness attachment for a full body
unit should sit between your shoulder
blades.
 Check that your movements are not
restricted.

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 Double Lanyard

• Double shock absorbing lanyards required.

• At least one lanyard is hooked or tied off on an anchor
point all the time.

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 Anchor Points

• You must use suitable anchor points

• Directly above the shoulders as much as possible.

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Wrong use of fall arrest system

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 Inspection

 There a four basic components that require inspection.

Mechanical
Devices
Flexible Life
daily check
Lines
+
monthly
colour code

Harness & Life Lines

Connectors New tag each week
daily check by
Authorized Person
+
monthly NO/WRONG TAG
colour code NO USE
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 Inspection

• All fall protection equipment must be inspected by the user before each use.
Defective or damaged fall protection equipment must be removed from use.

• All fall protection equipment must be inspected on a quarterly basis

and the relevant monthly inspection color applied.
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Inspection Record

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 Remember

•All Scaffold operatives erecting, modifying or dismantling scaffold structures

will be required to wear a harness type fall protection equipped with two (2)
lanyards and remain 100% tied-off until the structure is complete or
dismantled.
•All fall protection equipment must be inspected by the user before each use.
•All fall protection equipment must be inspected on a quarterly basis and the
relevant monthly inspection color applied.
•100% tie-off is required when performing any work at height that is not
completely enclosed by guardrails and mid rails.
•Anchorage points for fall protection equipment should be as high as possible
above the feet of the user (preferably above the head, wherever possible) to
limit the distance of the fall (anchors and anchor points should be above the
user so that the anchor line or lanyard is taut or has as little slack as possible).

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 Remember

The place where work at height is undertaken must be safe i.e. a fixed
permanent platform with guard/ hand rails, a mobile elevated work platform,
crane man-basket or green tagged scaffold etc.

Mobile Elevated Working Mobile Elevated Working

Scaffold with Double
Platform with Double Platform with Double
Hand Rails & Toe Handrails & Toe Boards Handrails & Toe Boards
Boards 33
 Remember

• For work at height, all personnel are required to wear a harness type fall
protection which is equipped with two (2) lanyards

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 What is wrong …?

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 Suspension Trauma
• When a person is suspended in a full body harness
for any length of time there is the potential for
that person to suffer suspension trauma otherwise
referred to as Orthostatic intolerance.
• The harness leg straps apply a lot of pressure to
the insides of the legs of the patient reducing
blood flow back to the heart.

• Prolonged suspension from fall arrest systems can

cause orthostatic intolerance, which, in turn, can
result in serious physical injury, or potentially,
death.
• Research indicates that suspension in a fall arrest
device can result in unconsciousness, followed by
death, in less than 30 minutes.
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 Rescue Plan
• Rescue Plan mandatory in the PTW.
• Training on the Rescue Plan.
In the event of a fall:
• Emergency services to be contacted immediately.
• Must come rapidly to minimize the potential of suspension trauma.
• If possible and conscious, self rescue is most desirable.
• Time is of the essence.

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Fall Rescue Equipment's

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Fall Rescue system.

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 Rescue Plan
Planning for working at height must include planning for
emergencies and rescue.

• Should not be difficult.

• Need to cover all reasonably foreseeable
events.
• Should be simple & easily achievable.
• Should be practiced.
• Should be understood by all parties involved
in the plan.
• Should ideally be non-committal.
• Efficient.

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 Safety Harness Used in a Fall

 What to do if the fall arrest system

has been used to arrest a fall?

 Harness & lanyard must be withdrawn

from service and destroyed.

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 Suspension Trauma

Suspended person should be encouraged to “pump” his/her legs

frequently to activate the muscles and reduce the risk of venous
pooling and the onset of orthostatic intolerance.
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 Working at Heights Violations!

X X
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 Unsafe Acts/Conditions

X X 44
 Unsafe Conditions

X X
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 Unsafe Acts

X X X
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 Unsafe Acts

X X
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 Fall Protection - Equipment

 Anchor Point
 Lanyard – Twin tail
 Shock Absorber
 Harness
 Lifeline
 Inertia Real (Yoyo)
 Guard rails
 Stirrups

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 Remember
• Anchor point should be capable of supporting a load of 2250kg Where
there is a risk of falling 1.8 meters.
• Personal fall protective equipment shall be visually inspected prior use
every time.
• Quarterly inspections by a competent person and a inspection tag to be
attached and registered
• Always attach as high as you can.
Life Lines
• Must be Engineered
• Must be installed according Engineered requirements
• Cable must be under tension (No Sagging)
• Minimum Rated capacity – 5,000 lb (2,268 kg)
• You must be connected at all times
• Must be installed to prevent potential for pendulum effect 49
 Pendulum Effect

• Lateral swaying  injury by hitting obstacle on side

• Anchorage point above the workstation.
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 Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP)
Scissor Lift
A scissor lift is a motorized
vehicle that has a railed
platform which can be
raised straight up in order
to gain access and perform
work on areas that are
difficult to reach.
Cherry Picker/Man Lift
A cherry picker (also known as
a boom lift, man lift or basket
crane), is a type of aerial work
platform that consists of a
platform or bucket at the end of
a hydraulic lifting system.
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 Remember when you are on MEWP

• Only personnel with Working at Heights training

allowed to use MEWP.
• Only authorized trained operators can use the
controls.
• Only two persons, allowed inside the basket. Both
must have hard hat with chin strap.
• Both must observe 100% tie-off all the time, stay
inside the basket and not climb on the guardrails.
• Inside the MEWP a short lanyard to be used as per
requirements of the MEWP Risk Assessment.

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 Remember when you are on MEWP
• Tools must be tethered to the worker or man-lift.
• Debris nettings must be fitted to the basket.
• Barricading/exclusion zones and warning signs must
be in-place around the planned working radius.
• The ground must be even, stable and level, and well
compacted.
• Look out for overhead obstructions.
• Two man lifts must not operate within close
proximity of each other.
• Know what to do if machine fails with platform in
raised position.

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 The following specific safety measures Need to complied

• Daily checks including Testing lift controls each shift prior to use
• Only trained /competent persons shall operate mechanical
elevating work platforms.
• Safety harness must be worn with lanyard attached to basket
at all times. Must be secured-off to MEWP only.
• Stand firmly on the floor of the basket at all times

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 Remember During Work On Elevated Work Platforms

• Boom and basket load limits specified by the manufacturer shall not be
exceeded.
• The brakes shall be set, and when outriggers are used, they shall be positioned
on pads or a solid surface.
• Wheel chocks shall be installed before using an aerial lift on an incline provided
they can be safely installed.
• A mechanical elevated work platform shall not be moved when the boom is
elevated in a working position with someone in the basket.

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 Remember During Work On Elevated Work Platforms

• Boom shall be properly cradled and outriggers completely

stowed before movement for travel.
• Articulating boom and extendible boom platforms, primarily
designed as personnel carriers, shall have both platform
(Upper) and lower controls.
• Operators must be deemed competent an each individual
type of EWP they are to operate.

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 Dropped Object?

What is a Dropped Object: Any object that falls from its previous
static position under its own weight

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 Consequences of a Dropped Object

1 kg tool
dropped from Consequences

1 – 3 metres First Aid

3 – 10 metres Recordable Injury
>11 metres Fatality
The table is only a guide: assumes blunt objects and the wearing of standard PPE
Even a small object falling from a height can be fatal.

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 Consequences of a Dropped Object

A scaffold transom fell 50m

and landed in this gang box

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 Falling Objects

Objects falling from a height are capable of causing

considerable injury to people and damage to equipment.

Examples of falling objects include, but not limited to:

• Nuts & bolts, loose grating, fittings, tools, waste materials,
wood off cuts, scaffold materials.
How can we prevent accident?
• Follow all requirements of the Permit to Work.
• Good housekeeping and good storage practices.
• Cover holes and floor openings.
• Carry tools in a ‘hands free’ approved tool bag.
• Inspect area - consider simultaneous operations.

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 Falling Objects
CHIN STRAP
How can we prevent accident? (Cont’d)
• For installation, maintenance and removal of
TOOL LANYARD
equipment, ensure it is tied off, tied back,
restrained &/or secure.
TOOL BAG
• Use of matting and tool lanyards.
• Materials not stored above kick rail height.
• Erect Drop Zone barriers, provide barricade
(warning tape, scaffold railing).
• Provide an observer when required.

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Dropped Objects - Where do they occur?

• Cranes
• Platforms
• Working at Height,
• Overhead Work
• Lifting Operations
• Stacking / Storing
• Just about anywhere

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 Dropped Objects - Why do they occur?

• Poor Safety Culture

• Poor Safety Behaviours :
• Complacency,
• Attitude,
• Neglect,
• Blindness to Hazards,
• Blindness to Change
• Insufficient Controls put in
place
• Inadequate Maintenance
• Redundant / Neglected
Equipment

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 Dropped Objects - Prevention
Identifying the Hazard

• Checking for potentials

• Above and below
• Every time there is a lift
• Every time there is multiple levels
• Follow procedures
• Good communication with those above/below us
• Good housekeeping
• Scheduled Maintenance checks
• Planning
• Where practical, tie off all portable tools with lanyard
to prevent them falling
• Enforce exclusion zones below work at height
• Signage warning of work overhead
• Ensure no gaps in decks or toe boards
• Ensure tools/materials are not higher than the toe
board
• Install drop sheets to catch anything that may drop

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Thank you so much

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