PHAST 3D EXPLOSIONS

Tutorial Manual

SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

Prepared by DNV GL – Digital Solutions

http://www.dnvgl.com/software

© DNV GL AS. All rights reserved

This publication or parts thereof may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
including copying or recording, without the prior written consent of DNV GL AS
CONTENTS

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Phast 3D Explosions ................. 1

In the first chapter you open an example analysis provided with the program, explore its main features,
and run the calculations and view the results – without having to enter or change any input data.

Chapter 2: Extending the analysis of explosion hazards .......... 9

The second chapter guides you through the process of extending the example analysis, defining
additional explosion hazards, and setting up other input data that will give you a better understanding of
the hazards. The tutorial supplies all of the input data that you will require to complete the analysis.

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1 AN INTRODUCTION TO PHAST 3D EXPLOSIONS

What to Expect of this Tutorial

The aim of this tutorial is to make you familiar with the ideas and techniques involved in performing an
explosion and effects analysis with the 3D Explosion extension of Phast.

This tutorial assumes that you are already familiar with the features of Phast that are available without
the license for the 3D Explosion extension. There is a separate tutorial that covers those features, and
you should complete that tutorial before starting this one.

The tutorial is divided into two chapters. In this first chapter you will open an example analysis provided
with the program, explore its main features, and run the calculations and view the results – without
having to enter or change any input data. In the second chapter you will extend the example analysis by
defining additional explosion hazards, and also set up other input data that will give you a better
understanding of the hazards.

The tutorial should take 1-2 hours to complete. You do not have to complete it in a single sitting, and
can take a break between the chapters if you prefer.

Starting the program running

When you start the program running, the main window will appear as shown below if you have valid
licences for the main program and for the 3D Explosion extension present on your machine.

When you have a license for the 3D Explosion extension, an Effects icon will be present in the status
bar at the bottom right of the program window to show that this functionality is enabled. Additional
features will also be present in the program, and these are described in the sections below.

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Opening the 3D example file
This tutorial uses one of the example files installed with the program to give a quick introduction to the
terminology and approach used in the 3D Explosions and effects functionality.

To open the file, choose Open Example… from the File tab on
the Ribbon Bar. The Examples dialog will open, showing all of
the folders and *.psux workspace files that are installed with
the program under an Examples folder. Select the Phast 3D
Explosions and effects example.psux file, and click on OK.
There will be a brief pause, and then the data for the example
workspace will be displayed in the program window, as
described in the sections below.

Note: the Examples folder will contain files for all four Phast
and Safeti products, and for the 3D Explosions and Multi-
component extensions to the products. If you do not have a
license for a Safeti product or for the Multi-component
extension, then those example files will not be relevant to you.

The example models an LNG train and regions of obstruction around the
train
The example models an LNG train at the south-west corner of a site, as shown in the illustration.

There are buildings in the north-east corner of the site, which are included in the map image in the
example file but not shown in the illustration. One of the goals of this analysis is to examine the
cumulative explosion potential resulting from the interaction of releases from the LNG train and
obstructed regions within the train, and to assess the possible impact on the buildings at the north-east
of the site.

A number of equipment items associated with typical LNG train process units have been defined in the
Models tab. For this example, a single 100 mm Leak Scenario has been defined for each item.

The Train 1 and Utilities areas at the bottom left area of the GIS Input View shows one of the additional
features for the 3D explosion and effects modelling. These areas contains a number of pink rectanglular
shapes with diagonal hatching, and you can see from the Legend that these represent obstructions.
The overpressure and impulse effects from a vapour cloud explosion depends strongly on the interaction
between the cloud and regions of obstuctions, and the input data for a 3D explosion analysis includes the
location and dimensions of these regions, and a description of the degree of obstruction in each region.

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The input data for the 3D Explosion and effects calculations
The additional input data for the 3D Explosion and effects calculations can be found in several different
tabs in the Study Tree.

The obstructed regions are defined under a Set in the Map tab
Each of the rectangular shapes from the GIS Input View is
defined by an Obstruction node under the Train 1
Obstructions Set in the the Map tab of the Study Tree, as
shown.

The icon for the Train 1 Obstruction set includes the letters ME,
which shows that this is a Multi-Energy Obstruction Set, in which
all of the obstructions are defined using the variables considered
in the Multi-Energy explosion model.

You can see that the Map tab includes a second Obstruction Set
node that has the letters BST. This is a Baker-Stehlow-Tang
Obstruction Set, for defining obstructions using the variables
considered in the Baker-Stehlow-Tang explosion model. There
are no obstruction nodes in the BST Obstruction Set in the
example file, because the example uses only the Multi-Energy
model.

A given run of the explosion calculations must use only one of

the two models, since the methods that are used to calculate effects and to model the interactions
between different regions are specific to each model, and each model uses a different set of variables to
define the explosion-properties of a given region.

In the Multi-Energy model, one of the ways of describing

the explosion potential of a given region is to give the
Curve number and the Blockage ratio, as shown in the
illustration. The Curve number is the ID number of the
appropriate multi-energy blast curve, where 1 is the
curve for the weakest explosion and 10 is the curve for
the strongest, and the Blockage ratio is the fraction of the
volume of the obstructed region that is occupied by
obstructions. The illustration shows a Curve number that
is given as a whole number, but the model allows you to
give intermediate values, e.g. 7.5.

In the example file all of the obstructed regions have been defined as Defined strength obstructions,
which means that the value for the Curve number has been defined directly, as shown above. However,
the program also gives you the option to define obstructions as Calculated strength obstructions, in
which case you specify the degree of expansion and the dimensions of obstacles, and the program will
calculate a value for the Curve number.

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The other important aspects of the input
data for an obstruction are the Lower
elevation and the Upper elevation,
which complete the definition of the
geometry. When you insert a new
obstruction the Lower elevation will be
set to a default value of zero, as shown,
but the Upper elevation will be unset and
you must specify the height of the top of
the region.

The effect levels of interest are defined in the Effects tab

When you have a license for the 3D explosion extension, the
Study Tree will include an additional tab called the Effects tab, as
shown.

This tab contains an Effect levels folder, and you use this folder
to define the types and levels of hazardous effect for which you
want to view results. The results are displayed in the form of
Effects contours, as you will see below.

In the example file, the effect levels that have been defined for
reporting are three levels of reflected overpressure, and the hazard range for a flash fire. The flash fire is
the region to a given fraction of the LFL, where the fraction is defined in the Flammable Parameters and
is set as 100% for the example file. This has been included as an effect level of interest because it can
indicate the maximum extent of an ignition hazard.

In addition to defining effect levels for overpressure and flash fire, you can also
define effect levels for explosion impulse, for the radiation intensity from
different types of fire, and for toxic effects, as shown in the illustration of the
Insert menu for the Effect levels folder. The toxic effect region is defined to the
minimum probability of death set in the Toxic Parameters.

For overpressure, impulse and radiation, you specify the effect level of interest in
the input dialog for the effect level; you can insert more than one effect level node of each of these type,
and specify different levels for each different node. For flash fire and toxic effects the effect level is
defined in the Parameters instead of in the dialog, and for these types of effects you can only insert one
node of each type.

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There are additional Parameters for the 3D Explosion and effects
calculations
When you have a license for the 3D explosion extension, the Parameters
Set will include an additional node: the Grid parameters node .

In calculating the shape of the contours for the different effect levels, the
program divides the calculation area into a number of square cells. If the
centre of a particular square is reached by a given effect level for a
particular Scenario, then that square is modelled as being within the
contour. The shape of a contour is then defined as a series of points,
where each point is in the centre of a grid cell. The options for the extent
and cell-size for the grid are set in the Grid parameters dialog.

The dialog gives you a choice between having the program calculate the
extent of the grid, and specifying the extent yourself. When the program
calculates the extent, it does so before the start of the 3D Explosion
calculations, by applying a factor to the maximum effect distance from
the different types of fires (such as the flash fire). If you have defined a
low explosion effect level then the effect distances for explosion may be much larger than the effect
distances for any of the fires. This will mean that part or all of the effect contours for the explosion effect
level may fall outside the calculated boundaries of the grid, and the contours will be truncated or absent.

For the example file, the effect level of interest of 0.04 bar overpressure is a low level, with effect
distances that are much larger than the effect distances for the flash fire. The effect contour for this level
will be truncated if you use the calculated grid extent, and so a user specified grid size has been defined
in the Grid parameters, with a size that is known to cover the full effect area for all of the effect levels
defined.

The Grid parameters dialog also allows you to control the size of the individual cells in the grid. Setting a
small size will increase calculation times, but will give smoother contours, with improved resolution.

When you have a license for the 3D explosion extension, the Explosion parameters dialog will also
include three additional tabs that contain options that are specific to the 3D Explosion modelling as
shown in the illustration on the next page. Some of the options apply only to the Multi-Energy model,
others apply only to the Baker-Strehlow-Tang model, but most apply to both models.

The illustration on the next page of the BST and ME (3D options) tab shows the range of options
available that apply to both models. This includes control over the modelling of separations between
obstructed regions (the critical separation specification), control over the representation of the time-
dependent 3D shape and behaviour of the cloud (the cloud view options), and control over whether or
not to model detonation effects.

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Many of the options are complex and should normally be left with the default settings. The calculations
are described in more details in the technical documenation supplied with the program, and you can also
click on the Help button in the dialog for a description of each of the options in the current tab.

The number of weather directions to model is set in the Weather folder

dialog
When you have a license for the 3D
explosion extension, the Weather
folder dialog contains some input
options for the effect contour
calculations.

The downwind extent of the contour

for a given effect level is calculated
for a range of different wind
directions.

In the example file the number of

wind directions to be modelled is set
to the default of 8. If you wish, you
can change the number of directions
to model, up to a maximum of 18. Increasing the number of directions will probably give a smoother
appearance to the effects contours, but it will also increase the time required to run the calculations.

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The Obstruction Set to use is selected in the Study dialog
The explosion calculations are performed at the level of the Study node in the Models tab.

As shown in the illustration, the input

data for a Study includes the selection
of the Obstruction Set to use in the
explosion calculations for the Study.
The example file has a single Study,
with the ME Set Train 1 Obstructions
selected. This means that the
calculations for the Study will use the
Multi-Energy modelling.

If you want to compare the explosion

effects for different sets of obstructions
or for the two types of explosion model,
you must define separate Studies and
select a different Obstruction Set for each Study.

Running the calculations and viewing the results

You have now seen all of the input data for the 3D Explosion and effect calculations, and can run the
calculations.

Set the LFL Fraction to 50%

As discussed above, the example file defines the extent of the flash fire as the region to 100% of the LFL.
For this tutorial, you will take a more conservative approach and change this to 50% of the LFL. To do
this, move to the Parameters tab, edit the Flammable parameters, and change the LFL fraction to
finish from 1 to 0.5.

Running the calculations

To run the 3D Explosion and effects calculations, take the following steps:

1. Make sure that the Mode option in the Home tab of the Ribbon Bar is
set to Effects, as shown. This is the default setting when you have a
license for the 3D Explosion extension.

2. In the Models tab of the Study Tree, select the Study node .

3. Click on Run in the Home tab of the Ribbon Bar (or press [Ctrl]+M).

The program will first perform the Consequence calculations for each of the Scenarios in turn, and you
will see messages in the Output View about the progress of the calculations. For the example file, the
Consequence calculations run very quickly, i.e. in less than a minute.

When the Consequence calculations are complete for all of the Scenarios, the program will proceed to
the Effect contour calculations, and will also perform the calculations for each Scenario in turn. The
Effect contour calculations are more time-consuming than the Consequence calculations and may take
four or five minutes to run, depending on the speed of your machine.

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If the node that is selected in the Study Tree is a node below the Study level, then the program will run
the Consequence calculations only, and will not proceed to the Effect contour calculations. The program
only runs the Effect contour calculations if the selected node is a Study node or the workspace node at
the top of the tree.

Viewing the Effect contour results

When the Effect contour calculations for the Study are complete, the Effects option
will become enabled in the Results section of the Home tab of the Ribbon Bar, as
shown.

The list under the Effects option allows you to select between two types of Effects contour plot. The
example file has a single Study and more than one effect level of interest defined, and you should select
the Single Study / Multiple Effects option as this will allow you to view the contours for each individual
effect.

When you select the option a dialog will open as

shown. The Study will already be selected in the
dropdown Studies field and all four types of effect
will be checked in the Effects list.

You can view contours for each individual selected

effect and also a combined contour that shows the
maximum extent across all of the selected effects.
By default only the individual contours are selected.

For this example, take the default values for all of

the fields, and click on OK to view the contours.

After a brief pause, the Effects contours will be displayed in an Effects View pane in the Document View
area as shown below.

You can see that the contour for the 0.3 bar reflected overpressure covers all of Train 1, and the contour
for 0.1 bar covers both Train 1 and the area for Future Train 2. However, even the largest contour, for
0.04 bar, is some distance away from the nearest building at the north-east corner of the site.

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You can also see that the flash fire contour covers the area for Future Train 2, which means that in the
future releases from Train 1 could interact with obstructed regions in both trains, giving the potential for
the explosion effects to reach even further. This is the analysis that you will perform in the next two
chapters: defining the obstructions for Train 2, and seeing the effect on the contours.

2 EXTENDING THE ANALYSIS TO INCLUDE ADDITIONAL

OBSTRUCTED REGIONS
This chapter will guide you through the process of setting the additional input data for analysing the
effect of the Train 2 obstructions. The situation being considered in this analysis is the construction
phase for Train 2, when only Train 1 is operational, but the equipment for Train 2 is present and creating
regions of obstruction. You will create a copy of the example file, add the obstructions for Train 2, define
additional effect levels of interest (including a range of levels for side-on overpressures and a jet fire
radiation intensity level), run the calculations, and compare the results with those for the original
example.

Setting an absolute path for the Map image

In the Map tab, open the dialog for the New LNG Layout raster image. You will see as shown in the
illustration that the Path for the file is given as ..\Maps\New LNG Layout.jpg, which is a “relative
path” that gives the location relative to the location for the psux file, i.e. in a Maps folder next to the
folder that contains the psux file.

In the next step, you will save the example file to a different location that does not have the image files
present in an equivalent location, so before you save the file you need to change the Path to the full
“absolute path” so that the workspace will be able to locate the image file no matter where the psux file
has been saved.

To change to an absolute path, click on the Edit icon to the right of the Path field, which will open a File
Open dialog with the image file already selected. Click on Open to close the dialog, and you will see that
the Path has been changed to the full path. You can now click on OK to close the Raster image dialog.

Creating a copy of the example file

Select Save As… from the File tab of the Ribbon bar. The File Save dialog will appear and you should
locate the DNVGL folder under Documents (the default location for saving workspace files). If you do
not already have a folder called Tutorial, use the New Folder option in the File Save dialog to create
one, and then save the new file to this folder with the name Phast Train 2 Analysis and the default file
format of *.psux.

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Inserting a raster image with the Train 2 obstruction shapes
The raster image file is called Train2Obstructions.jpg. It is installed under the Examples folder for the
program, along with the image file for the site layout used in the example file.

To insert the raster image, take the following steps:

1. Select the GIS Input View.

2. If the full site layout is not visible in the GIS Input View, click on Fit All in the General tab of the
Ribbon Bar to display the full site layout.

3. Click on Zoom Area in the General Tab of the Ribbon Bar, and then drag and click around the
rectangle for Future Train 2. When you release the mouse button, the GIS Input View will zoom
and pan so that Future Train 2 fills the working area.

4. In the Map tab of the Study Tree, select the Raster Image Set folder, and then insert a Raster
Image.

5. In the Insert Raster Image dialog that appears, browse to select the Train2Obstructions.jpg
file from under the Maps folder for the Examples files. The illustration below shows the default
location for the example files.

6. Click on OK to proceed with inserting the image.

7. In the GIS Input View, click and drag around the outer border of the rectangle for Train 2, and
then release the mouse button. The image is the same size as the rectangle, so by dragging over
the border of the rectangle, you have set the correct size for the image.

8. In the Legend for the GIS Input View, drag the Train2Obstructions entry above the New LNG
Layout entry. The new image will now be displayed on top of the image for the whole site, as
shown in the illustration on the next page.

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This image gives you guidelines for drawing the shapes of the different obstructions for Train 2.

Defining the Train 2 Obstructions

There are ten obstructions for Train 2. The design of Future Train 2 is assumed to be identical to the
design of Train 1, so the shapes and locations for the obstructions are based on those for Train 1.

Creating a copy of the Train 1 Obstruction Set

Use Copy and Paste to create a copy of the Train 1 Obstructions Set, and name the copy Train 1 and
2 Obstructions.

You could have a single Obstruction Set, and simply insert the Train 2 obstructions into the existing Set.
However, creating a separate Set for the combined obstructions means that you will still be able to view
results for the current situation, with Train 1 only, and you will also be able to view a direct comparison
between the results for the two situations.

Inserting the nodes for the Train 2 Obstructions

To insert the nodes for the first obstruction, take the following steps:

1. In the GIS Input View, use Zoom Area to zoom in on the area that contains the obstruction
shapes, so that you can read the names of the different shapes clearly.

2. In the Map tab of the Study Tree, select the Train 1 and 2 Obstructions Set, then select the
option to insert a Defined strength obstruction .

3. In the GIS View, click on the top-left corner of the T2 C1 shape to place the first corner of the
region, then click on the top-right corner to place the second corner, and finally click on the
bottom-right corner to finish drawing the rectangle.

4. In the Map tab of the Study Tree, rename the new node to T2 C1.

The new node will be shown as incomplete. You will insert the nodes and draw the shapes first, and then
complete the input data in the next section.

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Repeat the steps above for the other nine shapes. Draw the shapes in order from T2 C2 to T2 C10,
giving each node the appropriate identifying name after you have drawn the shape. If you wish, you can
zoom in further on each shape in the image before drawing the region for that shape.

Using the Grid View to complete the input data for the obstructions
The mandatory input fields for a new defined obstruction are the Curve number, the Blockage ratio
and the Upper elevation. You must complete these values for all of the obstructions before you can run
the explosion and effects calculations with the new Set.

The values for the Train 2 obstructions are shown in the table below.

Name Curve Blockage Upper elevation

number ratio (m)
T2 C1 Main Piperack 7 0.2 27.5
T2 C2 Acid Gas Removal Area 7 0.2 9.5
T2 C3 NGL Recovery Piperack & Platform 7 0.2 8
T2 C4 Liquefaction Process Area 7 0.2 16
T2 C5 LPG Fractionation 7 0.2 5.7
T2 C6 End Flash Gas Compression Area 7 0.2 27.5
T2 C7 Liquefaction Process Equipment 7 0.2 19
T2 C8 Compressor A 7 0.2 10
T2 C9 Compressor B 7 0.2 10
T2 C10 Gas Dehydration & Mercury Removal Areas 7 0.2 10
These values are identical to those for the Train 1 obstructions, and the easiest way to set the values is
to use the Grid View to copy and paste the values between the two trains.

The steps are as follows:

1. Select the node for the Train 1 and 2 Obstructions Set

2. Select the Grid View pane

3. If the Grid View is locked, click on the Lock button as shown at the top of the Grid View.

4. Bring up the Grid filter list near the top of the Grid View, and set the filter to Defined
strength obstruction. The Grid View will list all of the obstructions in the Set, in the order in
which they appear in the tree.

5. Click in the Curve number cell for the C1 Main Piperack obstruction, then hold down the Shift
key and press the [Down] cursor key to highlight multiple rows, until you can see that all ten
rows for the Train 1 obstructions are selected.

6. Use Copy, then click in the Curve number cell for the T2 C1 obstruction, and use Paste to paste
the values from the ten Train 1 obstructions to the rows for the ten Train 2 obstructions.

7. Repeat the process for the Blockage ratio values.

8. Scroll to the right until you can see the Upper elevation column, and repeat the copy/paste
process for these values.

The input data for the Train 2 obstructions are now complete.

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Defining additional effect levels of interest
Adding more effect levels of interest can give greater understanding of the hazards but it will also
increase the calculation times. If you decide that a particular effect level is no longer relevant to an
analysis, you can delete it to reduce run-times.

Three effect levels for side on overpressures

You will define three additional Overpressure effect levels with the same overpressure levels as the
existing ones, but with the Pressure method set to Side on instead of to Reflected.

To define these three Overpressure effect levels, take the following steps:

1. Select the three nodes for the existing Reflected effect levels, and create copies of them.

2. Rename the copies, changing “Reflected” to “Side on”

3. In the Grid View, set the Grid filter to Overpressure effect level.

4. In the Grid View, change the Pressure method setting for the first Side on effect level from
Reflected to Side on.

5. In the Grid View, copy this value and paste it to the other two Side on effect levels.

One effect level for jet fire radiation

You will define one Jet fire radiation effect level.

Insert a Jet fire radiation effect level, and open the dialog.

For the radiation effect levels,

you choose a radiation
intensity level of interest from
a list of the levels that are
defined for that type of fire in
the Parameters.

For this tutorial, set the level

to 25 kW/m2, as shown, and the exposure time to 20 s.

Creating a copy of the Study for the Train 2 calculations

Move to the Models tab of the Study Tree and create a copy of the Study.

Rename the copy, changing

“Train 1” in the name to “Train 1
and 2”, and then edit the copy
and change the selection of
Obstruction Set to the Train 1
and 2 Set, as shown.

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Running the calculations and viewing the results
Select the workspace node at the top of the tree in the Models tab, and click on Run.

This will run the Effects contours calculations for the additional effect levels for the Train 1 Study, and
run the Consequence and then the Effect contours calculations for the Train 1 and 2 Study. The
calculations should run in four to five minutes, depending on the speed of your machine.

With two Studies and with the additional effect levels, you view the results in a range of different ways.

Viewing the reflected overpressure and flash fire contours for the Train 1
and 2 Study
First, view the four effect levels from the original example to get a direct comparison with the maximum
effect distances with obstructions for Train 1 only.

Select the Single Study / Multiple Effects option under the Effects Results. In the Selections dialog, set
the Study to the Train 1 and 2 Study, and deselect the Side on overpressure and Jet fire radiation effect
levels.

You will see that the

contour for 0.3 bar
reflected overpressure
covers both Train 1 and
Train 2, and that the
contour for 0.1 bar
covers the area for
Future Train 3. The
largest contour extends
further to the north and
east, but is still several
hundred metres from
the buildings.

However, the flash fire contour has not been changed by the addition of the Train 2 obstructions. It does
not reach Train 3, so releases from Train 1 will not interact with obstructions in Train 3, and the contours
above do show the maximum extent of these overpressure effects in the event of releases from Train 1.

Comparing the contours for 0.1 bar reflected overpressure for the two
Studies
Select the Single Effect / Multiple Studies option
under the Effects Results. In the Selections dialog,
set the Effects to Reflected Overpressure 0.1
bar, as shown, and make sure that the boxes for
both Studies are checked.

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You can see that the green contour
for Train 1 and 2 is made up of
the near-circular blue contour for
Train 1 alone, overlapping with
another near-circular contour that
is centred on Train 2.

Comparing the contours for the reflected and the side on overpressures
Select the Single Study / Multiple
Effects option, set the Study to the
Train 1 and 2 Study, and select the
0.1 and 0.3 bar effect levels for
both Reflected and Side on
overpressures.

For 0.3 bar, the difference in the

maximum effect distances is slight,
but for 0.1 bar, there is a
significant difference in the
proportion of Train 3 that is
covered.

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Viewing the contours for the jet fire radiation effects
Select the Single Effect / Multiple Studies option under the Effects Results. In the Selections dialog, set
the Effects to Jet fire radiation effect level, and make sure that the boxes for both Studies are
checked.

The shape of the contours reflects

the location of the equipment items
and of the variations in operating
conditions within the items.

The shape of the effect zone for jet

fire radiation is longer than it is
wide, and more directional than the
circular effect zone for explosions.

Saving the workspace

You have now completed the
tutorial, and you should save the
workspace in order to save the
changes you have made.

What next?
This tutorial has not covered every feature for the 3D explosion and effects modelling, but you should
now have enough of an understanding of the approach and methods used in the program to be able to
explore the remaining features yourself, with the assistance of the Help. In the Contents tab of the Help
window, there is a folder called Additional features with 3D Explosion license that gives quick
access to details of the features and instructions for working with effects contours. You can also use the
Index and Search tabs to find help on a particular topic.

If you need further details on any aspect of the program, or if you need guidance on how to model a
particular situation for your facility, you should contact software support using the details given in the
Help tab of the Ribbon Bar.

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ABOUT DNV GL
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assurance along with software and independent expert advisory services to the maritime, oil and gas,
and energy industries. We also provide certification services to customers across a wide range of
industries. Operating in more than 100 countries, our 16,000 professionals are dedicated to helping our
customers make the world safer, smarter and greener.

DIGITAL SOLUTIONS
DNV GL is the world-leading provider of software for a safer, smarter and greener future in the energy,
process and maritime industries. Our solutions support a variety of business critical activities including
design and engineering, risk assessment, asset integrity and optimization, QHSE, and ship management.
Our worldwide presence facilitates a strong customer focus and efficient sharing of industry best practice
and standards.