Intermediate 2nd Year Maths 2B Hyperbola Important Questions

Question 1.
Find the equations of the hyperbola whose foci are (±5, 0) the transverse axis is of length 8. [T.S. Mar. 16; May 11]
Solution:
Foci are S(±5,0) ∴ ae = 5
Length of transverse axis = 2a = 8
a=4
e = 54
b2 = a2(e2 – 1) = 16(2516 – 1) = 9
Equation of the hyperbola is x216 – y29 = 1
9x2 – 16y2 = 144.

Question 2.
If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is 54, then find the eccentricity of its conjugate-hyperbola. [AP Mar. 16] [TS Mar. 15, 13]
Solution:
If e and e1, are the eccentricity of a hyper bola and its conjugate hyperbola, then
1e2 + 1e21 = 1
Given e = 54 = 1625 + 1e21 = 1
1e21 = 1 – 1625 = 925 e1 = 259
2

e1 = 53
Question 3.
Find the centre, foci, eccentricity equation of the directrices, length of the latus rectum of the x 2 – 4y2 = 4 hyperbola. [A.P.
Mar. 16; May 11]
Solution:
Equation of the hyperbola is x24– y21 = 1
a2 = 4, b2 = 1
Centre is c (0, 0)
a2e2 = a2 + b2 = 4 + 1 = 5
ae = 5–√
Foci are (±ae, 0) = (±5–√, 0)
Eccentricity = aea = 5√2
Equations of directrices are x = ± aea
= ± 2 . 25√
⇒ 5–√ x = ± 4
⇒ 5–√ x ± 4 = 0
Length of the latus rectum = 2b2a = 2.12 = 1

Question 4.
Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola 3x 2 – 4y2 = 12 which are
i) Parallel and
ii) Perpendicular to the line y = x – 7. [AP Mar. 15]
Solution:
i) Equation of the hyperbola is 3x2 – 4y2 = 12
x24 – y23 = 1
a2 = 4, b2 = 3.
The tangent is parallel to y = x – 7
m = slope of the tangent = 1
Equation of the parallel tangents are
y = mx ± a2m2−b2−−−−−−−−√
y = x ± 4−3−−−−√
y=x±1
ii) The tangent is perpendicular to y – x = 7
m – slope of the tangent = (-1)
Equation of the perpendicular tangents are
y = (-1) x ± 4(−1)2−3−−−−−−−−−√
= -x ± 1
x + y = ± 1.
Question 5.
If 3x – 4y – k = 0 is a tangent to x2 – 4y2 = 5, find value of k. [T.S. Mar. 17]
Solution:
Equation of the hyperbola x2 – 4y2 = 5
x25 – y2(54) = 1

a2 = 5, b2 = 54
Equation of the given line is 3x — 4y + k = 0
4y = 3x + k
y = 34 x + k4
m = 34, c = k4,
Condition for tangency is c2 = a2m2 – b2
k216 = 5 . 916 – 54
k2 = 45 – 20 = 25
k = ± 5.

Question 6.
Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola x 2 – 4y2 = 4 Which are
i) Parallel
ii) Perpendicular to the line x + 2y = 0. [T.S. Mar. 15, Mar. 14, 11; May 06]
Solution:
Equation of the hyperbola is
x2 – 4y2 = 4
x24 – y21 = 1
a2 = 4, b2 = 1
i) The tangent is parallel to x + 2y = 0
m = –12
c2 = a2m2 – b2 = 4 . 14 = 1 – 1 = 0
c=0
Equation of the parallel tangent is
y = mx + c
= –12 x
2y = -x
x + 2y = 0.
ii) The tangent is perpendicular to x + 2y = 0
Slope of the tangent = m = −1(−12) = 2
c2 = a2m2 – b2 = 4 . 4 – 1 = 153
c = ±15−−√
Equation of the perpendicular tangent is
y = 2x ± 15−−√
Question 7.
Prove that the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola x2a2 – y2b2 = 1 lies on the circle x2 +
y2 = a2 – b2. [T.S. Mar. 16]
Solution:
Let P (x1, y1) be the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola
x2a2 – x2b2 = 1
Equation of the tangent can be taken as
y = mx ± a2m2−b2−−−−−−−−√
This tangent passes through P (x1, y1)
y1 = mx1 ± a2m2−b2−−−−−−−−√
(y1 – mx1)2 = a2m2 – b2
y12 + m2x12 – 2mx1y1 = a2m2 – b2
m2x12 – a2m2 – 2mx1y1 + y12 + b2 = 0
m2(x12 – a2) – 2mx1y1 + (y12 + b2) = 0
This is a quadratic in m giving the values say m 1, m1 which are the slopes of the tangents
passing through P
The tangents are perpendicular
⇒ m 1m 2 = – 1
y21+b2x21−a2 = – 1 ⇒ y12 + b2
x12 + y12 = a2 – b2
focus of P (x1, y1) is x2 + y2 = a2 – b2.
This circle is called director circle of the hyperbola.

Question 8.
If e, e1 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola prove that 1e2 + 1e21 = 1 [Mar. 11]
Solution:
Equation of the hyperbola is x2a2 – x2b2 = 1
∴ b2 = a2(e2 – 1) ⇒ e2 – 1 = b2a2
e2 = 1 + b2a2 = a2+b2a2
∴ 1e2 = a2a2+b2 …………… (1)
Equation of the conjugate hyperbola is

Question 9.
Find the centre eccentricity, foci, directrices and length of the latus rectum of the following hyperbolas.
i) 4x2 – 9y2 – 8x – 32 = 0
ii) 4 (y + 3)2 – 9(x – 2)2 = 1.
Solution:
i) 4x2 – 9y2 – 8x – 32 = 0
4(x2 – 2x) – 9y2 = 32
4(x2 – 2x + 1) – 9y2 = 36
(x−1)29 – (y)24 = 1
Centre of the hyperbola is C (1, 0)
a2 = 9, b2 = 4 ⇒ a = 3, b = 2
e = a2+b2a2−−−−√=9+49−−−√=13√3

Foci are (1±3. 13√3, 0) = (1±13−−√, 0)

Equations of differences are x = 1 ± 3.313√
⇒ x = 1 ± 913√
Length of the latus rectum = 2b2a
= 2.43 = 83
ii) The equation of the hyperbola is
4 (y + 3)2 – 9 (x – 2)2 = 1
y−(−3)21/4 = (x−2)21/9 = 1
Centre is C (2, -3)
Semi transverse axis = b = 12
Semi conjugate axis = a = 13

Question 10.
If e, e1 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola prove that 1e2 + 1e21 = 1. [Mar. 11]
Solution:
Equation of the conjugate hyperbola is