MICROWAVES

Group 2
What are Non-ionizing Radiaton?
Non-ionizing Radiaton is a form of radiation
with less energy than ionizing radiation. Unlike
ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation does
not remove electrons from atoms or molecules
of materials that include air, water, and living
tissue.
One example of non-ionizing radiation is
Microwave oven.
 What is microwave?
Microwaves have smaller wavelengths than radio
waves. Microwaves are used to beam telephone
signals to satellites - and to cook food. Radars
send out fairly short microwaves that are about 1
cm long.
 What is microwave?
Microwaves travel by line-of-sight; unlike lower
frequency radio waves, they do not diffract around
hills, follow the earth's surface as ground waves,
or reflect from the ionosphere, so terrestrial
microwave communication links are limited by the
visual horizon to about 40 miles.
 What is radar?
It is a device that sends out radio waves for
detecting and locating an object by the
reflection of the radio waves and that may
use this reflection to find out the position
and speed of the object.
Properties of Microwaves
Microwaves are reflected by metal surfaces.
They pass through glass and plastics.
They can pass through the atmosphere. Thus,
microwaves are used phenomenally in
information transmission back and forth to
the satellite. It is why satellite dishes are
composed of metal content as metal reflects
the microwave radiation.
Properties of Microwaves
Microwaves are reflected by the
conducting surfaces and travel in a
straight line.
They radiate electromagnetic energy
with a shorter wavelength.
The most suitable for the radar systems
that are used in aircraft navigation due
to their shorter wavelength
Microwaves have three characteristics that allow
them to be used in cooking:

reflected by metal;
they pass through glass,
paper, plastic, and similar
materials;
and they are absorbed by
foods.
Examples of microwaves

microwave ovens Cellphones Wifi

Biological Effects on Living Things:
Thermal Effects: Microwaves can cause
heating effects in living tissues due to their
ability to penetrate and interact with water
molecules. This can lead to thermal damage
if exposed to high levels of microwave
radiation for extended periods.
Biological Effects on Living Things:
Non-Thermal Effects: Some studies suggest that
exposure to low levels of microwaves may have
non-thermal effects on living organisms, such as
changes in cell membrane permeability, DNA
damage, and alterations in gene expression.
However, the evidence for these effects is still
inconclusive and requires further research.
Environmental Effects:
Wildlife: Microwaves used in communication
systems, such as cell phones and Wi-Fi, can
potentially affect wildlife. Some studies suggest
that certain bird species may be affected by
microwave radiation, leading to changes in
behavior, reproduction, and navigation.
However, more research is needed to fully
understand the extent of these effects.
Microwave radiation can heat body tissue
the same way it heats food.
Exposure to high levels of microwaves
can cause a painful burn.
Two areas of the body, the eyes and the
testes, are particularly vulnerable to RF
heating because there is relatively little
blood flow in them to carry away excess
heat.
 REFERENCES:
BOOK-1000 THINGS
YOU SHOULD KNOW
ABOUT SCIENCE FROM GROLIER
DANBURY,
CONNECTICUT
WIKIPEDIA
MERRIAM-WEBSTER
Thank you