FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA KAMPUS ARAU PERLIS

DIPLOMA IN GEOMATIC SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING SCIENCES AND GEOMATICS

COURSE CODE AP120

SUBJECT CODE GLS150 : ENGINEERING SURVEYING
NAME MUHAMMAD ADIB BIN KHAIRRUSSALLEH
STUDENT ID 2019205382
GROUP RAP1202A
LECTURER EN MOHD KHAIRY BIN KAMARUDIN

Date of Submission : 7th July 2020

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 2

Parts of Total Station 3

Principles of Total Station 4

Types of Total Station 5

Function Uses in Engineering Survey 10

References 11

1
 INTRODUCTION

 The total station is an electronic theodolite ( transit) integrated

with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope
distances from the instrument to a particular point.

 A total station or total station theodolite is an electronic

instrument used in modern surveying and building
construction.

 Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the

instrument from a distance via remote control.

 Both angle & distance can be obtained electronically

using an instrument called total stations.

2
PARTS OF TOTAL STATION

3
 PRINCIPLES OF TOTAL STATION

 In order to describe the position of a point, two coordinates

are required. Polar coordinates need a line and an angle.
Cartesian coordinates need two lines within an orthogonal
system.

 The total station measures polar coordinates when these are

recalculated as Cartesian coordinates within the given
orthogonal system, either within the instrument itself.

 An angle represents the difference between two directions.

 Electromagnetic wave or pulse is used to determine

distance.

 An electromagnetic is propagated through the atmosphere

from transmitter to receiver and back during the
measurement.

4
 TYPES OF TOTAL STATIONS

Manual Total Station

 Manual Total Stations It was necessary to read the horizontal and vertical
angles manually in this type of instrument. The single value that may be read
digitally was that slope distances.

5
 Semiautomatic Total Station

 Slope distances were measured electronically, and also the instruments could,
generally, be used to reduce the values to vertical and horizontal components.
 Semiautomatic Total Stations The user needed to manually read the horizontal
circle for all these instruments, but the vertical ring readings have been
displayed.

6
 Automatic Total Station

 Both the vertical and horizontal angles electronically and measure the slope
distances, compute the vertical and horizontal components of those these
spaces, and then determine the coordinates of observed points.
 To compute the coordinates of observed points, it is necessary to properly
orient the instrument to some known directions such as true north, magnetic
north or to some known bearing.

 The coordinate information obtained can either be stored in the total station’s
memory or by using an external data collector.

7
 Servo Driven and Robotic Total Station.

 Suitable for intense mapping.

 Refinements to existing technology are the classes of servo-driven and robotic
optical total stations.
 Their importance in the last few years is seen to be steadily increasing.

8
 Servo Driven Total Station

 Servo-driven instruments are particularly appealing where automatic

pointing is desired.
 This is done by using motors to aim and position the instrument.
 In the case of setting out, it makes it feasible to set control points for
surveying with very little sighting through the telescope.
 When used with the data collection software, the pre-determined
coordinates of the point, which have been selected after setting up the
instrument and making an observation to the backsight point, are used to
automatically set the horizontal and vertical angles of the instrument

9
 FUNCTIONS USE IN ENGINEERING SURVEY

 Total Station is a lightweight, compact and fully integrated electronic

instrument combining the capability of an EDM and an angular
measuring instrument such as wild theodolite.

 The total station instrument is mounted on a tripod and is levelled by operating

levelling screws. Within a small range instrument is capable of adjusting itself
to the level position. Then vertical and horizontal reference directions are
indexed using onboard keys.

 It is possible to set required units for distance, temperature and pressure (FPS
or SI). Surveyor can select measurement mode like fine, coarse, single or
repeated.

 When target is sighted, horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping

distances are measured and by pressing appropriate keys they are recorded
along with point number. Heights of instrument and targets can be keyed in
after measuring them with tapes.

 This information is also stored in the electronic notebook. At the end of the day
or whenever electronic note book is full, the information stored is downloaded
to computers.

10
Total Station can perform the following functions:

 Distance measurement
 Angular measurement
 Data processing
 Digital display of point details
 Storing data is an electronic field book

REFERENCES

https://theconstructor.org/surveying/modern-surveying-instruments-uses/16/

https://www.slideshare.net/sumitkza/total-station-61425663

https://civiljungle.com/total-station-in-surveying/#Types_of_Total_Station

11