PROJECT REPORT ON

MOOC COURSE ON
ORGANIC MANURE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of

B. A ENGLISH

AT

ALPHONSA COLLEGE PALA

by
SREELAKSHMI BIJU

Under the guidance of

Ms. ROSMY KATTOOR

Department Of English

ALPHONSA COLLEGE

Pala

(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)

2020-2023

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
ALPHONSA COLLLEGE
PALA.

(Affiliated Of Mahatma Gandhi

University)
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project entitled ―MOOC COURSE ON

ORGANIC MANURE is bona fide record of work done by
SREELAKSHMI BIJU(Reg No.200021000203)in the partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award degree of B.A Economics during the
academic year 2020-2023.

Ms. Rosmy kattoor Rev.Dr.Jose Joseph

Mentor Head of Department
Dept of English Dept of English
Alphonsa College Alphonsa College

Ms. Rosmy kattoor ……………………..

Coordinator INTERNAL
EXAMINER

Dept of English ………………….....

Alphonsa College EXTERNAL

EXAMINER

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project report entitled ―MOOC

ON ORGANIC FARMING‖ the result of the original work
done by me under the guidance of Ms. Rosmy Kattoor .A
Lecturer, Department of English, Alphonsa College, and to
the best of my knowledge during the period of study
2020-2023 at ALPHONSA COLLEGE. This project report is
 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of B.A English of Mahatma Gandhi
University.

Place: Pala SREELAKSHMI BIJU

Date (Reg
no .200021000203 )
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of any project depends largely on the

encouragement and guidelines of others would like to take this
opportunity to express my gratitude to those people who have
been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.
First and foremost, I give all glory, honor and praise to God
Almighty who gave me wisdom and enabled me to complete the
project successfully.
I also express sincere thanks, from the bottom of my heart to
my parents for their encouragement and support In all my
endeavour and especially In this project.
I owe a particular debt of gratitude to my internal project
guide, Ms R o s m y k a t t o o r , Department of English,
Alphonsa College, Pala,
For all the necessary help and support that she has extend to
me. Her valuable suggestions, corrections and the sincere
efforts to accomplish my project even under a tight time
schedule were crucial in the successful completion this project.
I extend my sincere gratitude to Rev.Dr. Jose Joseph ,Head of the
Department of English, Alphonsa College, Pala.
Who has been a constant source of inspiration and without his
tremendous help and support this project would not have been
materialized.
I express my cordial and sincere thanks to Rev.Dr. Jose
Joseph , great help in completing this project.
I would also like to express my appreciation to all my friends for
their comments, help and support.
Principal , Alphonsa College, Pala for allowing me to
utilize all the facilities or our college and also for his
encouragement.

Submitted for the Viva-Voce Examination held

on...............................................
INDEX

Sl.No
Content Page.No

• Chapter 1- Introduction
1-2

• Chapter 2-Materials used for

• composting

3 Chapter 3- Composting pot preparation

4
4. Chapter 4- Photos.
5-6
• Chapter 5- Observation and data
collection 7-8

• Chapter 6- Conclusion
9

Chapter -1

Introduction
Composting transforms raw organic residues into humus-like material
through the activity of soil microorganisms. Mature compost stores well
and is biologically stable, free of unpleasant odors, and easier to handle
and less bulky than raw organic wastes. In agronomic and horticultural
operations, compost can be used as a soil amendment, seed starter,
mulch, container mix ingredient, or natural fertilizer, depending on its
characteristics. Composting can be also reduce or eliminate weed seeds
and plant pathogens in organic residues.
Compost provides may benefits as a soil amendment and a source of
organic matter by improving soil biological, chemical, and physical
characteristics:

• Increases microbial activity

• Enhances plant disease suppression
• Increases soil fertility
• Increases cation exchange capacity
• improves soil structure in clayey soils
• improves water retention in sandy soils
• reduces bioavailability of heavy metals

Different types of composting

• Garden post composting:
Large garden post (Cement/ Terracotta) are the simplest and cheapest
containers for the kitchen waste composting. The base holes of the
pot are closed. At the bottom of the pot a layer of coir pith is spread
at 1” thickness. Above this layer, spread a kitchen waste on the day.
Over this layer, add active microbe solution or innoculam. The bin
may be covered with a tile or wooden plank.
This process of filling and addition of inoculum may be continued
daily. The moisture within the bin has to be regulated by spreading coir
pith or dray leaves.
• Bio bin composting
This three layered bin bio-composter can be used for composting waste
in terrace of gardens and household in urban areas where space there
may be space constraints. Either Terracotta or poly propylene bins with
micro pores and top covered with holed lid can used.
• Pipe composting
PVC pipe placed over ground within households can store degradable
kitchen waste for a period of time to break down the waste into manure.
In a straight line, drill holes along the pipe at a distance of above 7-8
cm between each to ensure air ventilation.
Drill above 4-5 holes on the end cap too. Add brown matter such as
crushed dry leaves, wood chippings, coco peat etc., at the bottom
and put kitchen waste above this. When we begin the composting
process we pore in little bit of jaggery and cow dung along with two
litres of water and start filling the pipe with wet waste.
Project Theme
The present project is aimed at training the Under Granduate students
of Mahatma Gandhi University to familiarize with the different
biotechnological means to process the household and kitchen wastes
to be valuable manure at household level to useful materials like
manure is the theme of the project.

CHAPTER- 2
Materials used for composting
Name and location
Name of student : SREELAKSHMI BIJU
Name of college : ALPHONSA COLLEGE PALA

• Method selected:
Garden post
composting ➢
Kitchen waste
used:
1/2 KG of kitchen waste. It includes banana peels ,egg
shells and appropriate amount of rice water for ensuring moisture.
• Composting innoculam: Active microbe solution
• Brown matter used:
Crushed dry leaves ,wood chipping

CHAPTER-3

Composting pot preparation

I took a garden pot and closed the base holes of the pot used cardboard.
The at the bottom of the pot l spread a layer of coir pith at 20 cm
thickness. Above this layer, l spread the kitchen waste of the day and
brown waste. Over this layer, l added active microbe solution as
innoculam. The l covered the bin with a wooden lank.
The process of filling and addition of inoculum continued daily till
the pot completely filled.

CHAPTER-5

1 colour Mixed
2 consistency Dry
3 smell Innoculam
4 moisture Moist5
observed Ants / yes
houseflies

After 7 days

1 colour brown
2 consistency nature solid dry
3 smell No
4 moisture moist5
observed Ants / No
houseflies

After 14 days

1 colour Grayish brown

2 consistency nature Slurry dry
3 smell No
4 moisture moist5
observed Ants / No
houseflies

After 21 days

1 colour Dark brown

2 consistency nature crushy
3 smell No
4 moisture Dry

Observation and data collection

Initial observation

1 colour
Brown black
2 consistency nature like soil

3 smell soil
smell

4 moisture Dry5
observed Ants
/

No houseflies
6 Approx. Total weight
1.5 kg

CHAPTER 6

Conclusion
Per capita waste generation in India is estimated to be around 500
gram per day. A nuclear family of 4-5 members generates 2 to 2.5 kg
of wastes per household.
Organic wastes generated at household levels can be processed at the
source itself. Decentralized waste processing is more practical and cost
effective then a centralized one. It is the responsibility of each to
process the wast generated by him/her. Composting is a biological
process in which microorganism of aerobic (which require air or
oxygen for development ) and anaerobic (which functions in absence of
air or free oxygen)decompose organic matter.
Kitchen wastes and garden wastes, generated on a daily basis are
processed and converted to compost by using appropriate methods.
Depending upon convenience and accessibility, the students opted for
processing of either kitchen waste or garden waste. The present project
helped us to familiarize with the different biotechnological means to
process the household and kitchen wastes to valuable manure at
household level. Organizational char.