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10
Science 10
Quarter 4 – Module 3
Behavior of Gases in Terms of
Kinetic Molecular Theory
GAS
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Behavior of Gases in Terms of Kinetic Molecular Theory

First Edition, 2020
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10
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 3
Behavior of Gases in Terms of
Kinetic Molecular Theory
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON 1 – The Nature of Gases 1

What I Need to Know 2
What I Know 3
What’s In 4
What’s New 5
What Is It 5
What’s More 8
What I Have Learned 8
What I Can Do 9
Assessment 10
Additional Activities 11
LESSON 2 – Kinetic Molecular Theory 12

What I Know 13
What’s In 14
What’s New 14
What Is It 15
What’s More 16
What I Can Do 18
Assessment 18
LESSON 3 – Physical Properties of Gas 21

What I Know 22
What’s In 23
What’s New 24
What Is It 26
What’s More 31
What I Can Do 32
Assessment 32
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT (POST-TEST) 34

ANSWER KEY 38
REFERENCES 41
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
Introductory Message:
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Behavior of
Gases in Terms of Kinetic Molecular Theory.
To the Teachers:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress and allow them to manage their own learning for
optimal development and understanding. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
To the Parents:
This module was designed to provide your children with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at their own pace and time.
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great
factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are
expected to monitor your children’s progress as they accomplish the tasks presented in this
module and ensure that they will practice learning independently.
To the Learners:
This learning resource hopes to engage you into guided and independent learning activities
at your own pace and time. In other words, your success in completing this module lies in
your own hands. You are capable and empowered to achieve the competencies and skills
presented in this material if you will only learn, create and accomplish to the best of your
ability.
Be rest assured that this material is entirely learner-friendly for this aims to help you acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration your needs and circumstances.
It is our objective, therefore, that you will have fun while going through this module. Take
charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets and
objectives set in here which are intended for your ultimate development as a learner and as
a person.
- From the Science 10 Module Development Team

How to Learn from This Module
To achieve the objectives set in this module, you, the learners, are to do the following:
• Take time in reading the lessons thoroughly;
● Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises carefully; and
• Answer all the given tests diligently.
Icons Used in This Module

This module contains the following parts and their corresponding icons:
This gives you an idea on what skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in each
What I Need to Know
lesson.
It includes an activity that aims to check your
prior knowledge on the lesson you are about to
What I Know
take. If you get all the answers correctly (100%),
you may decide to skip the lesson.
This serves as a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with that to the previous
What’s In
one.
It offers a new lesson by introducing it
interestingly through a story, a song, a poem, a
What’s New
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
This aims to help you discover and understand
What Is It
new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice
to solidify your understanding and skills of the
What’s More
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key found at the end
of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
What I Have Learned
what you have learned from the lesson.
It delivers an activity which will help you transfer
your new knowledge or skill into real life
What I Can Do
situations or concerns.
This aims to evaluate your level of mastery in
achieving the learning competencies.
Assessment
This enriches your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. It also tends to the retention of
Additional Activities
the learned concepts.
This contains all of the answers to all activities

and exercises presented in this module.
Answer Key
At the end of this module, you will also find:
References This shows the list of all sources used in

developing this module.
Guidelines and Reminders

Before using this module, please take time to read the following guidelines and reminders:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the What I Know section before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and be able
to gain a deeper understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Lesson
The Nature of Gases
1
There are five major phases of matter: solids, liquids, gases, plasmas and
Bose Einstein Condensate. Starting from the solid state at a temperature below its
melting point, we can move through all these phases by increasing the temperature.
First, we overcome the bonds or intermolecular forces locking the atoms together
into a solid structure, and as a result, the solid will melt. At higher temperatures, we
overcome virtually all of the intermolecular forces and the liquid vaporizes to form a
gas. If we further increase the temperature to extremely high levels, there is enough
energy to ionize the substance to form plasma.
Out of these five phases, the nature and behavior of gases will be solely
discussed in this lesson.
1
What I Need to Know
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Chemistry specifically on the nature and behavior of gases.
The scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. Moreover,
the lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you reoad them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. describe the nature of gases;

2. investigate the characteristics of gases; and
3. discover the importance of gases.
Welcome to the
world of gases!
2
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following terms means chaos?

A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
2. Which is the correct arrangement in terms of increasing molecular mobility?
A. gas-liquid-solid C. plasma-gas-solid
B. liquid-gas-solid D. solid-liquid-gas
3. The following elements are examples of noble gas EXCEPT for _____.
A. Helium B. Nitrogen C. Neon D. Xenon
4. Which of the following is an example of diatomic molecule?
A. F1 B. H2 C. N3 D. O4
5. Which of the following is a noble gas?
A. Au B. C C. H D. Kr
6. At what Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) do elements exist as
gas?
A. 1 atm, 25°C B. 1 atm, 26°C C. 1 atm, 27°C D. 1 atm, 28°C
7. The following symbols belong to the family of gases EXCEPT for ______.
A. Ar B. C C. He D. O
8. What type of gas is exhaled by humans?
A. Carbon Dioxide B. Methane C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen
9. Which particular ingredient used by bakers in baking breads is responsible for
the observed rise in kneaded dough?
A. baking powder B. baking soda C. flour D. yeast
10. What state of matter is essential during the process of respiration?
11. Which of the following sequences is correct in terms of increasing the speed
of sound?
12. Which state of matter can make sound travel faster?
13. Which of the following sequences is correct in terms of decreasing the speed
of sound?
14. What is the lightest gas?
A. Hydrogen B. Neon C. Nitrogen D. Xenon
15. This gas molecule has the highest atomic number.
3
What’s In
Direction: Try to spot the hidden words in the puzzle. The mystery words are
associated with the nature of gases and their behavior.
H Y D R O G E N Y M
X
E C I D E N O N E
L A O C Y N L S S T
I R X W G X K G P H
U B I T E M J J J A
M O D O N J N S F N
Z N E Y E A S T Q E
O N I T R O G E N X
1. Lightest gas - ___________________________

2. Type of gas produced by plants - ___________________________
3. Gas released by frizzy carbonated drinks - _______________________
4. Gas element with highest atomic number -________________
5. Ingredient for baking which produces gas -________________________
6. Lightest noble gas -__________________________
7. Type of gas produced by cattle -___________________
8. Most abundant gas on earth -_______________________
4
What’s New
ACTIVITY 1
GETTING TO KNOW THE GASES
Let’s Find Out: About the expansion of breads
Let’s Use These Materials: notebook, pen
Let’s Do It This Way: Scan the basic ingredients for baking below and then try to
analyze the basic purpose of these ingredients when baking.
BASIC INGREDIENTS FOR BAKING
1. Flour
2. Yeast
3. Fat
4. Sugar
5. Vitamin C
6. Baking soda
7. Baking powder
8. Egg
9. Salt
10. Butter and cheese Figure 1.1 Bread and pastries (Source: Canva)
Guide Questions (5 points each):

1. Do these ingredients have their own unique functions in the baking process?
Why or why not?
2. What is interesting during baking is that the volume of the products usually
increases in size. What could be the reason behind this?
3. Is gas released during the process of baking? Why or why not?
What Is It
Do you love to bake? Baking actually involves gaseous interactions.

The basic ingredients for baking include flour, yeast, fat, sugar, vitamin C,
baking soda, baking powder, egg, and salt. Each of these ingredients has its own
unique function in the baking process. What is interesting during the baking process
is that the volume of the products usually increases in size. This is due to yeast.
Yeast is a single-celled plant that feeds on starch to produce sugar, alcohol, and
carbon dioxide. The CO2 that the yeast produces is responsible for the rise observed
in the kneaded dough.
As an overview, gases consist mainly of tiny particles that are widely spaced
(see Figure 1.2). Under typical conditions, the average distance between these gas
particles is about ten times their diameter. Because of these large distances, the
volume occupied by the particles themselves is very small compared to the volume
of the empty space around them. For a gas at room temperature and pressure, the
gas particles only occupy about 0.1% of the total volume. The other 99.9% of the
total volume is empty space (whereas in liquids and solids, about 70% of the volume
is occupied by particles). Because of the large distances between the gas particles,
the attractions or repulsions among them are weak.
Figure 1.2. Particles of a gas
The particles of a gas are in constant rapid and continuous motion. For
example, the average velocity of nitrogen molecules, N2, at 20°C is about 500 m/s.
As the temperature of a gas increases, the particles’ velocity increases, too. The
average velocity of nitrogen molecules at 100°C is about 575 m/s. Also, gas particles
are constantly colliding with the walls of the container and with each other. Because
of these collisions, they are constantly changing their direction of motion and their
velocity. In a typical situation, a gas particle moves at a very short distance between
collisions. For example, oxygen molecules, O2, at normal temperatures and
pressures move at an average speed of 10-7 m between collisions.
In addition, some elements and compounds can exist as gases at 1
atmosphere (atm) and 25°C. Some examples are the diatomic, monatomic, and
compound gas molecules.
The particles move

rapidly and collide
constantly
Little mutual Particles

attraction or occupy a
repulsion in GAS small part
between of the total
particles volume
Collisions cause
Figure 1.3. Behavior of gases changes in direction
and velocity
6
Did you know that we live at the bottom of an ocean of air? The air is
composed of many gases. The most abundant ones include nitrogen (78.084%),
argon (0.934%), oxygen (20.947%), and carbon dioxide (0.033%).
Other gases in much smaller amounts are also present; these include the
noble gases like the monatomic gases, diatomic molecules and the compound
gases.
A. The monatomic gases One of the miracles of life is the
1. He existence of oxygen (O2) which is produced
2. Kr by autotrophic organisms, like trees, through
3. Xe
the process called photosynthesis. They
4. Ne
utilize CO2 to produce their own food.
B. The diatomic molecules
1. H2
2. N2
3. O2
4. F2
5. Cl2
6. I2;
C. The compound gases
1. CO2
2. N2O
3. CH4
4. NO2
5. CO Figure 1.4 Tree (Source: Canva)
6. NH3
Some of these gases are considered as greenhouse gases. As such, these
gases absorb and reflect thermal energy so as to maintain the temperature of the
Earth to make life suitable here.
On the next lessons, we will focus generally on the behavior of substances
that exist as gases under normal atmosphere conditions, which are defined as 25°C
and 1 atmosphere (atm) pressure.
What’s More
ACTIVITY 2
OH MY GASES!
Let’s Find Out: The examples of gases
Let’s Use This Material: Modern periodic table
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Rf Bd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Fr Ra
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No L
Ub Ubb Ubt Ubq Ubp Ub Ubs

u h
Figure 1.5 Periodic Table of Elements

Guide Questions (3 points each):
1. Where can we find most of the gases? To the left or right section? Explain.
2. How many elements in total are gases?
3. In what group of elements do most of the gases belong to?
4. Which of the gas elements is the lightest?
5. What is the most essential gas element for living organisms?
What I Have Learned
Direction: Fill in the circles with words or phrases which can describe or explain
the behavior and nature of gases. (15 points)
GAS
What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 3
FAMILY OF GASES
Let’s Find Out: The gas molecules and their category

Let’s Do It This Way: Identify the gas molecule released or used by the following
examples based on their gas molecule category. (5 points each)
GASES
Monoatomic Gas Diatomic Gas Compound Gas

Molecules Molecules Molecules
Figure1.6 Balloon Figure1.7 Plant Figure1.8 Dog
Source: Canva
1. __________________ 2. ___________________ 3.____________________
9
Assessment
A. H B. C C. Kr D. Au
2. Which is the correct sequence in terms of increasing the speed of sound?
3. Which of the following sequence is correct in terms of decreasing the speed of
sound?
5. This gas molecule has the highest atomic number.
6. Which is the correct arrangement in terms of increasing molecular mobility?
7. The following symbols are examples of gas EXCEPT for ___________.
8. The following elements are noble gases EXCEPT for _______.
A. Helium B. Neon C. Nitrogen D. Xenon
9. Which of the following is an example of diatomic molecule?
A. F1 B. H2 C. N3 D. O4
A. Carbon Dioxide B. Methane C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen
12. Elements and compounds exist as gases at what Standard Temperature and
Pressure (STP)?
15. Which of the following states of matter can make sound travel faster?
ACTIVITY 4 10
ESSENTIAL GASES
Let’s Find Out: The essential gases around us
Let’s Do It This Way: Identify the gas molecule which best describes the given
nature and uses. (2 points each)
Air Oxygen Water Vapor Nitrogen

Natural Gas Argon Helium Carbon Dioxide
Name of Gas Some Useful Facts Uses
1. Gas molecule which is all around us. Without it, breathing and
It is a mixture of several different burning will be impossible.
gases, mainly nitrogen (78%), It supports balloons and
oxygen (21%), and other gases airplanes.
(1%).
2. Gas molecule which comes from the It is used as a fuel for
ground. It burns easily (flammable). heating.
3. Without this gas molecule, we would It is used in hospitals to
not be able to breathe and to help patients breathe.
produce fire. This gas is produced Commonly used in
by plants (during photosynthesis). manufacturing metals and
steel and is also needed in
welding. It is combined with
hydrogen for the propulsion
of space shuttles.
4. A gas molecule which is needed by It is a gas molecule present
plants when they make food (during in fizzy drinks. It is also
photosynthesis). used in fire extinguishers.
5. It is the main gas present in the air It is used to make plant
(about 78%). food (fertilizer) and is also
used in explosives.
6. It is formed when water evaporates. When it cools in the air, it
There is actually a lot of water vapor forms clouds.
in the air that we breathe in.
7. It occupies a small portion of the gas Balloons float due to this
particles in the air. It is very light and gas.
is used in balloons to help them
float.
8. It occupies the least portion of gas It is the gas inside electric
particles in the air. light bulbs.
Lesson Kinetic Molecular
2 11
Theory
What I Need to Know
Have you ever heard of the term kinetic molecular theory? This lesson will
help you understand this important concept about the study of gases.
1. explain the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory as applied to gases;

2. use the kinetic molecular theory to explain the behavior of gases; and
3. relate how these postulates account for the properties of gases.
Here we go!
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.

1. Gases are composed of molecules that are in ______motion.
A. accelerating B. constant C. delayed D. pending
2. Gas molecules move in what type of motion?
A. circle B. curved C. straight D. zigzag
3. The following are true to gas molecules EXCEPT for _____________.
A. They are always in constant motion. C. They collide with particles.
B. Gases move in curved motion. D. Gases are compressible.
4. This state of matter is characterized by its ability to be compressed.
5. The theory that describes the behavior of an ideal gas.
A. Big Bang Theory C. Kinetic Molecular Theory
B. Murphy’s Law D. Newton’s Law
6. The theory that attempts to define the behavior of ideal gases.
A. Big bang Theory C. Kinetic Molecular Theory
7. The following are true to gas molecules EXCEPT for ___________.
A. Gases exert pressure.
B. Gases fill their container uniformly.
C. Gases mix with one another to form a homogeneous mixture.
D. Gases can be compressed to a smaller volume and in turn decrease
density.
8. Which gas physical property is TRUE?
A. Gases assume the area of their containers.
B. Gases are the least compressible of the states of matter.
C. Gases will mix unevenly when confined to a container.
D. Gases have much lower density than liquids and solids.
9. Ideal gas conforms to the pattern of gas behavior as defined by the following
theory and law EXCEPT for _______.
A. Kinetic Molecular Theory C. Murphy’s Law
B. Law of Thermodynamics D. Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
10. Real gases can only obey this law at very high T and very low P.
A. Combined Gas Law C. Law of Thermodynamics
B. Ideal Gas Law D. Murphy’s Law
11. Which of the following is highly compressible at high pressure and
expandable at high temperature?
A. aluminum sheet B. oxygen gas C. ice D. water
12. Gases are composed of very small particles called __________.
A. atoms B. elements C. electrons D. protons
13. Collision wherein no kinetic energy is lost is called ______.
A. elastic B. inelastic C. imperfect D. perfect
14. During the collision of gas molecules, what happens to energy?
A. conserved B. converted C. lost D. saved
15. Two factors which determine the kinetic energy of gas particles.
A. distance and velocity C. mass and velocity
B. direction and velocity D. time and velocity
13
What’s In
Flemish physician Jan Baptista Helmont (1577-1644)

used the Greek word chaos, which means without order, to
describe those protons of reactions that had no fixed shape
or volume. This is the reason why the term gas means
chaos. By the eighteenth century, scientists already knew
how to collect gaseous products by displacing water. Now
they could observe and measure the properties of individual
gases.
About 1860, Ludwig Boltzmann and James Maxwell,
who were working in different countries, each proposed a
Figure 2.1 Jan Baptista
model to explain the properties of gases. That model came to Helmont
be known as the Kinetic Molecular Theory because all names Source: Britannica.com
of the model refer to molecules. The word kinetic comes from a Greek word which
means “to move”. And so, objects in motion have an energy called kinetic energy.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory describes the behavior of gases in terms of
their particles in motion. In other words, this model makes several assumptions
about the size, motion, and energy of particles.
What’s New
ACTIVITY 1
YOU’RE MY IDEAL
Let’s Find Out: How gas behaves

Let’s Use These Materials: two empty glasses, water, and ice
Let’s Do It This Way:
Glass A Glass B
1. Prepare all of the materials including your two empty glasses.
2. First, observe the outside wall of the two glasses. Jot down your observations.
3. Next, prepare your water. Fill the two glasses half full.
4. After filling the glasses, pour the ice to Glass B. Observe the difference
between the two glasses at every 1-minute interval.
5. Fill in the table below with your observations.
Behavior of Gases
Time Interval Glass A Glass B
Initial
1
2
3
Guide Questions (5 points total):

1. What is your initial observation? (1 point)
2. What happened after the ice was introduced? (2 points)
3. What happened outside the wall of Glass A? (1 point)
4. What happened outside the wall of Glass B? (1 point)
What Is It
The properties of gases can be explained in the model called Kinetic

Molecular Theory. This theory describes the behavior of a gas in the microscopic
level. The following are the basic assumptions of this theory:
1. Gases are composed of very small particles called atoms or molecules.

2. The distance between gas particles is very great that the volume of the gas is
mostly empty space.
3. There are no repulsive or attractive forces between gas particles.
4. Gas particles are in constant random motion.
5. Collisions between gas particles or with the walls of the containers are
perfectly elastic, that is, no energy of motion (kinetic energy) is lost.
6. The kinetic energy of the particles depends on the temperature of the gas.
When you use the kinetic molecular theory to explain the characteristic of gases,
assume that you are dealing with ideal gases. An ideal gas is one that follows all the
conditions of pressure and temperature. Kinetic molecular theory assumes that the
particles of an ideal gas have no volume and they are not attracted to each other.
This is not true for real gases, however.
Real gases can be condensed to form a liquid or even a solid at low
temperature and high pressure such as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or dry ice.
This characteristic is not possible for ideal gases. However, under conditions of high
temperature and low pressure, more real gases behave like ideal gases.
On our first experiment in this lesson, both glasses represented ideal gas and
real gas, respectively. Glass A demonstrated the property of an ideal gas, while
Glass B showed the behavior of a real gas. The observable difference in the
experiment is apparent on the appearance of moisture outside the wall of Glass B.
Since Glass B reduced its temperature due to the ice poured inside its surrounding,
its gas particles condensed thus they turned into water moisture outside the wall of
Glass B.
What’s More
ACTIVITY 2
MY MORNING DEW
Let’s Find Out: More on the behavior of gas
Let’s Do It This Way: The table below presents the difference in average relative
humidity of Bukidnon during morning and afternoon. Your task is to analyze the data
on the table and answer the questions below which will help you understand the
behavior of gases.
MORNING
Relative Humidity (RH) & Dew Point
Trials Time Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Depression of Mean Dew Point RH (%)
No. (ºC) (ºC) Wet-bulb Temp. (C°)
Temp.
Initial 06:00 AM 20 ºC 19 ºC 1 19.5 19 C° 91%
1 07:00 AM 22 ºC 21 ºC 1 21.5 21 C° 92%
2 08:00 AM 24 ºC 23 ºC 1 23.5 23 C° 92%
3 09:00 AM 26 ºC 24ºC 2 25 23 C° 85%
Total Dew Point (°C) 23 C° 21.75 C° 1 22.25 21.5 C° 90%
& RH Percentage (%)
AFTERNOON
Relative Humidity (RH) & Dew Point
Trials Time Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Depression of Mean Dew Point RH (%)
No. (ºC) (ºC) Wet-bulb Temp. (C°)
Temp.
Initial 12:35 PM 30 ºC 22 ºC 8 26 18 C° 49%
1 12:40 PM 30 ºC 22 ºC 8 26 18 C° 49%
2 12:45 PM 31 ºC 21 ºC 10 26 17 C° 41 %
3 12:50 PM 30 ºC 21.9ºC 8.1 25.95 18 C° 49 %
Total Dew Point (°C) 30.25 C° 21.5 C° 8.525 25.9875 17.75 C° 47 %
& RH Percentage (%)
MY MORNING DEW
In our atmosphere, the concentration of visible gas water vapor is normally
less than a few percent of all the atmospheric molecules. Yet water vapor is
exceedingly important, for it transforms into cloud droplets and ice crystals that grow
in size and fall to the earth as precipitation. Therefore, the term humidity can refer to
the amount of water vapor in the air.
Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually in
the air to the maximum amount of water vapor required for saturation at a particular
temperature (and pressure). It is the ratio of air’s water vapor content to its capacity.
The dew-point temperature or simply the dew point is the temperature to which a
parcel of air needs to be cooled to reach saturation.
Guide questions (1 point each):

1. Compare the Relative Humidity of the two tables.
2. Which has higher RH?
3. Which has lower RH?
4. How can temperature affect the RH of the surrounding environment?
5. How do gases behave during early morning?
6. How do gases behave during late afternoon?
7. When is the best time to observe the behavior of an ideal gas?
8. When is the best time to observe the behavior of a real gas?
9. How does Kinetic Molecular Theory relate to the data given?
10. Can Kinetic Molecular Theory explain the phenomena on RH?
Why or why not?
What I Have Learned
Direction: Fill in the circles with words or phrases which can describe the behavior
of gases through Kinetic Molecular Theory. (15 points)
BEHAVIOR
OF GASES
What I Can Do
17
ACTIVITY 3
MY IDEAL AND REAL MOMENTS
PART I
Let’s Find Out: How ideal gas and real gas differ
Let’s Do It This Way: Using the Venn diagram, compare ideal gas from real gas
using the Kinetic Molecular Theory. (10 points)
PART II
Let’s Find Out: How ideal gas and real gas differ
Let’s Do It This Way: Identify the type of gas for each situation. (1 point each)
SITUATION REAL GAS/ IDEAL GAS
1. Cloud formation
2. Hair dryer
3. Cold juice
4. Hot coffee
5. Steam
Assessment
1. Which of the following is highly compressible at high pressure and

expandable at high temperature?
A. aluminum sheet B. ice C. oxygen gas D. water

4. This state of matter is characterized by its ability to be compressed.
6. The theory that attempts to define the behavior of ideal gas.
9. The following are true to gas molecules EXCEPT for _______.
A. They are always in constant motion. C. Gases move in curved motion.
B. They collide with other particles. D. Gases are compressible.
10. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
D. Gases can be compressed to a smaller volume and in turn decrease
density.
11. Gases are composed of very small particles called ________.
12. Collisions wherein no kinetic energy is lost.
theories and laws, EXCEPT for _________.
15. Real gases can only obey this law at very high temperature
and very low pressure.
ACTIVITY 5
LET’S CHECK
Let’s Find Out: About everyday gases
Let’s Do It This Way: Check the box if the object/phenomenon involves gas, if not,
put an X.
Phenomena / or X
1. breathing of animals
2. breads
3. plants
4. car exhaust
5. vacuum
6. light
7. sound
8. windmill
9. anaerobic bacteria
10. yeast
Lesson Physical Properties of

Gas
3
What I Need to Know
Our final lesson will dwell on the physical properties of gas.

1. identify the four physical properties of gas;
2. solve the conversion of a given variable; and
3. relate how these physical properties interact with gas.
What are the

physical
properties of
gases? Read on
to find out!
What I Know
1. Each of the following containers is air tight and has the same number of gas
molecules. Which container has the highest pressure?
B. C. D.
2. Which factor best explains why you feel groggy when you travel from
Maramag, Bukidnon to Cagayan de Oro City?
A. air P B. V of air C. V of water D. water P
3. At sea level, specifically in Cagayan de Oro City, the air pressure
is _________ Bukidnon.
A. immeasurable in C. higher than
B. equal to D. lower than
4. Gases are unique compared with solids and liquids
because gases ____________.
A. are fluids C. have no definite shape
B. are easily compressible D. have large densities
5. Which of the following refers to the amount of space gas occupies?
A. mass B. pressure C. temperature D. volume
6. What happens to the density of a gas as its V decreases at constant P and T?
A. decreases B. increases C. stays the same D. unpredictable
7. The kinetic energy of molecules is called ___________.
8. 273.15 at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) refers to _______.
9. Air pressure decreases as the distance from the earth’s surface increases.
Based on this fact, which of the following places has the lowest atmospheric
pressure?
A. Cagayan de Oro City C. Malaybalay City
B. Manolo Fortich D. Valencia City
10. Which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy a smaller V?
A. syringe B. block of wood C. fruit juice D. ice cube
11. Which of the following DOES NOT involve the application of gas P?
A. burning fuels C. hot air balloons
B. falling leaves D. vulcanizing tire
12. Each of the following containers has the same size. Which of the following
containers has the most compressed gas molecules?
1 mole 2 moles 3 moles 4 moles

13. Last summer vacation, the Cruz family decided to go to Opol, Misamis
A.
Oriental to have B. On their way,
a beach party. C. they were surprised
D. when the
tire suddenly exploded. What was the probable explanation for the blown out
tire during that long summer drive?
A. High temperature caused a decrease in volume.
B. The amount of gas inside the tire increased.
C. The mass of gas inside the tire increased.
D. The volume of gas increased as the temperature increased.
14. The space occupied by a gas is called ________.
15. The force of gas particles striking the walls of a container.
What’s In
Let’s recall the nature of gases.
The particles move Particles occupy a

rapidly and collide small part of the total
constantly volume
Little mutual Collisions cause

attraction or GAS
GASES change in direction
repulsion between and velocity
particles
Diatomic Gas Monatomic Gas Compound Gas

Molecules Molecules Molecules
H2 CO2
I2 He N 2O
O2 Kr CH4
F2 Xe NO2
N2 Ne CO
Cl2 NH3
What’s New
ACTIVITY 1
GETTING TO KNOW THE GASES
Analyze the following situations and answer the questions that follow.
SITUATION 1: Gases and Their Mass
As shown in Table 3.1, there are two balloons; one balloon is deflated and
the other is inflated and both are weighed using a weighing scale with three
different trials. In each trial, the measurement of the inflated balloon will be
subtracted to that of the deflated balloon and the total will be measured by
getting the average measurement of the three trials.
Table 3.1 Data for the mass of gas inside the balloons
Trial Mass of the deflated Mass of the inflated Difference in mass
balloon (g) balloon (g) (Inflated–Deflated) (g)
1 1g 2g 1g
2 1.5g 3g 1.5g
3 2g 4g 2g
Average 1.5g 3g 1.5g
Guide Questions (1 point each):
1. Is the mass of the deflated balloon different from the mass of the inflated balloon?
2. Which is heavier, the inflated or the deflated balloon? Why?
3. What specific physical property was presented in the situation?
4. What can you infer from this activity?
SITUATION 2: Gases and Their Volume
A mixture of water and oil was poured inside a graduated cylinder.

The water settled at the bottom, while the oil on top. Then air is introduced
in the mixture using a pipette. As shown in Table 3.2, the initial measured
volumes of the water plus oil are indicated in the second column while the
total volume when air was introduced is indicated in the third column. Each
trial is repeated thrice, and then for each trial, the measurement of the total
volume of mixture with air will be subtracted to the volume of mixture
without air.
Table 3.2 Data for the volume of air trapped in the water-oil mixture
Trial Volume of Total volume when air Difference in mass (Mixture
water plus oil was introduced (mL) with air – Mixture without air)
(mL)
1 120 mL 123 mL 3 mL
2 120 mL 124 mL 4 mL
3 120 mL 122 mL 2 mL
Averag 120 mL 123 mL 3 mL
e
24
1. What happens to the volume reading of water-oil when air is introduced?

1. What does it indicate?
SITUATION 3: Gases and Their Temperature

Crushed ice is added to a 150 mL of water inside a beaker with an initial air
temperature of 20 ℃. Then the beaker is heated for 5 minutes. Refer to Table
3.3 for the readings.
Table 3.3 Temperature of water vapor

Trial Temperature of the Air (℃)
Initial Air temperature Air temperature
(room temperature) above the ice water above the boiling
water
1 22 ℃ 15 ℃ 98 ℃
2 22 ℃ 16 ℃ 97 ℃
3 22 ℃ 17 ℃ 99 ℃
Average 22 ℃ 16 ℃ 98 ℃
1. Is there a difference in the temperature of the air among the three set-ups?
2. Explain the difference in air temperature.
SITUATION 4: Gases and Their Pressure
Observe the set-up below. Identify what causes the balloon to inflate over the
course of time as the water is being heated using a candle.
Figure 3.1. Experimental observation
1. What happened to the deflated balloon?

2. What causes this phenomenon?
3. What is the function of the heat?
4. What will be the temperature inside the balloon as it inflates?
5. What will be the water level inside the apparatus over the course of heating?
What Is It
PROPERTIES OF GASES
You have just learned from the previous activity that gases have volume,
mass, temperature, and exerted pressure. From your daily experiences, can you
enumerate some instances wherein these properties can be seen or felt?
As a review, a gas is a collection of particles in constant, rapid, random
motion (sometimes referred to as ‘Brownian’ motion). Gas particles constantly
undergo collisions with each other and with the walls of the container, which causes
the change in direction, hence the term ‘random’. If we followed the trajectory of a
single particle within a gas, it might look something like the figure on the right.
The physical state of a pure gas may be defined by the four physical
properties below.
Physical
Properties
T – The mol – The

p – The pressure V – The volume
temperature of number of
of the gas of the gas
the gas molecules of gas
Continue reading to know more about these properties.
Temperature of a Gas
Example:
Warm air temperature is released from a
rice cooker, it starts to boil and then warm
water vapor escapes.
Pressure of a Gas
Example:
When you open a can or bottle of soft
Figure 3.2. Boiling rice cooker (Source: Canva)
Figure 3.3. Cold soda (Source: Canva)
Volume and Mass of a Gas

Example:
The basketball is filled with air. So, it
bounces while you are dribbling it. The
same is true with other kinds of ball.
Take note that balls have different
Figure3.4. Inflated Ball (Source: Canva) masses once they are deflated or
inflated.
Now that we have proven that gases have mass, volume, temperature, and
pressure, let us now be familiar with the units being used to express these
properties.
Volume (V)
Volumes of gases are usually described in liters, L, or cubic meters, m3, and
the numbers of particles are usually described in moles, mol.
Temperature (T)
Gas temperatures are often measured with thermometers that report
temperatures in degrees Celsius (°C). Scientists generally use Kelvin (K)
temperatures for calculations.
Table 3.4 Comparison of the three temperature scales for the freezing point and boiling point
of water
Temperature Scale Freezing point Boiling Point
°C 0 °C 100 °C
°F 32 °F 212 °F
K 273.15 K 373.15 K
To transform one temperature scale to another, the following equations are used.
Table 3.5 Equation used for temperature
Kelvin (K) Celsius (°C)

? K = °C + 273.15 ? °C = K - 273.15
Pressure (P)
To understand gas pressure, picture a typical gas in a closed container. Each
time a gas particle collides with and ricochets off one of the walls of its container, it
exerts a force against the wall. The sum of the forces of these ongoing collisions of
gas particles against all the container’s interior walls creates a continuous pressure
upon those walls. Hence, pressure is the force divided by the area.
Table 3.6. Equation used for pressure
Equation for Pressure Equation for Gas Pressure

Force Gas Pressure =
Pressure =
Area Force due ¿ particle with walls ¿
Areaof the walls
The accepted International System of Units (SI) for gas pressure is the pascal
(Pa). A Pa is a very small amount of pressure, so the kilopascal (kPa) is more
commonly used. Other units used to describe gas pressure are the atmosphere
(atm), torr, millimeter of mercury (mmHg), and bar.
The relationships between these pressure units are:

Table 3.7. Conversion factor for pressure
1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
1 bar = 100 kPa = 0.9869 atm = 750.1 mmHg
The numbers in these relationships come from definitions, so they are all
exact. At sea level on a typical day, the atmospheric pressure is about 101 kPa, or
about 1 atm. In calculations, the variables P, T, V, and n are commonly used to
represent pressure, temperature, volume, and moles of gas.
The Relationship between Volume and Pressure
28
Figure 3.5 The Relationship between volume and pressure (Source: Bishop Book 13)
Decreased volume → Increased pressure

Increased volume → Decreased pressure
If the gas volume is decreased, the pressure gauge of the gas pressure
increases. When the gas volume is increased, the pressure gauge goes down. Thus,
we can say that gas pressure and volume are inversely proportional, expressed as
1
P∝ , if n and T are constant. The observation that the pressure of an ideal gas is
V
inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the number of gas particles and the
temperature are constant is a statement of Boyle’s Law (as you have learned from
the previous module).
Figure 3.6 Boyle’s Law (Source: Glenn Research Center)
The Relationship between Volume and Temperature
29
Figure 3.7 The Relationship between volume and temperature (Source: Bishop Book 13)
Increased temperature → Increased volume

Decreased temperature → Decreased volume
If the temperature is increased, the piston in the apparatus moves up,
increasing the volume occupied by the gas. A decrease in temperature leads to a
decrease in volume. Through this, we can say that the gas pressure and
temperature are directly proportional, expressed as V ∝ T if n and P are constant.
For an ideal gas, the volume and temperature, as described in kelvins, are directly
proportional if the number of gas particles and pressure are constant. This is known
as the Charles’ Law.
Charles’ Law
Figure 3.8 Charles’ Law (Source: Glenn Research Center)
What’s More
ACTIVITY 2
IDENTIFYING THE PROPERTIES
Let’s Find Out: What describes best the situation/variable
Let’s Do It This Way: Identify the properties of gas that are being described.
PROPERTIES OF GAS
1. The space occupied by a gas
2. Force of gas particles striking the walls of a
container
3. The kinetic energy of molecules
4. 0.25 mole of O2
5. 273.15 at STP
6. Warm 5mL of water
7. Pa
8. Atm
9. K
10. Mole
What I Have Learned
Direction: Fill in the circles by enumerating the four physical properties of gases
and cite at least one example for each. (10 points)
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF GASES
What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 3
CONVERSION: PART I
Let’s Find Out: The conversion value of given situations

Let’s Do It This Way: Convert and solve the following problems.
Problem 1
The column of mercury in a barometer is 740 mm above the mercury at the base.
1. What is the atmospheric pressure in Pascal?
(Example)
101 325 Pa
P = 740 mm Hg x = 98.659 Pa
760 mm Hg
2. What is the atmospheric pressure in atmosphere? (5 points)

Problem 2
The air pressure in a car tire measures 30 psi.
1. What is the pressure in torr? (5 points)
2. What is the pressure in newton per square meter (N/m2)? (5 points)
Assessment
1. Which factor best explains why you feel groggy when you travel from
Maramag, Bukidnon to Cagayan de Oro City?
A. air pressure C. volume of air
B. water pressure D. volume of water
2. At sea level specifically in Cagayan de Oro City, the air pressure is ______
Bukidnon.
A. none B. equal to C. higher than D. lower than
3. Gases are unique compared with solids and liquids because gases
____________.
A. are fluids C. are easily compressible
B. have no definite shape D. have large densities
A. B. C. D.
6. What happens to the density of a gas as its volume decreases at constant

pressure and temperate?
pressure?
A. Cagayan de Oro City C. Malaybalay City
B. Manolo Fortich D. Valencia City
8. Which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy a smaller
volume?
9. Which of the following phenomena DOES NOT involve the application
of gas P?
A. burning fuels C. hot air balloon
A. B. C. D.
Oriental to have a beach party. On their way, they were surprised when the
tire suddenly exploded. What was the probable explanation for the blown out
tire during that long summer drive?
C. The mass of gas inside the tire increased.
12. The space occupied by a gas is called33 _________.
14. The kinetic energy of molecules is also known as ___________.
15. 273.15 at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) refers to _______.
Activity 4
CONVERSION: PART II
Let’s Find Out: About conversion value
Let’s Do It This Way: Convert the following units of pressure to atm. (5 points
each)
1. 250 mm Hg
2. 500.5kPa
3. 345 bar
Summative Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
A. H B. C C. Kr D. Au
2. Which is the correct sequence in terms of increasing the speed of sound?
3. Which is the correct sequence in terms of decreasing the speed of sound?
B. C. D.
6. What gas molecule has the highest atomic number?
7. Which state of matter can make sound travel faster?
9. The following symbols are examples of a gas EXCEPT for ________.
10. The following elements are noble gases EXCEPT for ______.
A. Helium B. Neon C. Nitrogen D. Xenon
11. Which of the following is an example of a diatomic molecule?

A. F1 B. H2 C. N3 D. O4
A. carbon dioxide B. methane C. nitrogen D. oxygen
14. Elements and compounds exist as gases at what Standard Temperature and
Pressure (STP)?
17. Which state of matter makes sound travel slower?
18. Which of the following is highly compressible at high P and expandable at
high T?
A. aluminum B. ice C. oxygen gas D. water
21. State of matter that is characterized by its ability to be compressed.
A. gas B. liquid C. solid D. plasma
A. Big Bang Theory C. Murphy’s Law
B. Kinetic Molecular Theory D. Newton’s Law
23. The theory that attempts to define the behavior of ideal gas.
A. Big Bang Theory C. Murphy’s Law
B. Kinetic Molecular Theory D. Newton’s Law
26. The following are true to gas molecules EXCEPT for _________.
A. They are always in constant motion. C. Gas moves in curved motion.
B. They collide with other particles. D. Gases are compressible.
27. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
D. Gases can be compressed and in turn decrease their density.
28. Gases are composed of very small particles called ________.
29. Collision wherein no kinetic energy is lost is called ______.
theory and law EXCEPT for _______.
31. Real gases can only obey this law at very high temperature and very low
pressure.
32. The kinetic energy of molecules is called _______.
33. Which factor best explains why you feel groggy when you travel from Manolo
Fortich, Bukidnon to Cagayan de Oro City?
A. air P B. water P C. V of air D. V of water
34. At sea level specifically in Cagayan de Oro City, the air pressure is ____
Bukidnon.
A. none B. equal to C. higher than D. lower than
35. Gases are unique compared with solids and liquids because gases
____________.
A. are fluids C. have definite shape
B. are compressible D. have large densities
37. What happens to the density of a gas as its V decreases at constant P and T?
38. 273.15 at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) refers to ______.
pressure?
A. Cagayan de Oro City C. Manolo Fortich
B. Malaybalay City D. Valencia City
40. Which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy a smaller V?
41. What types of gas best explains why the wall of a cold gas creates moist?
A. cold gas B. ideal gas C. real gas D. warm gas
42. Which of the following phenomena DOES NOT involve the application of gas
P?
A. burning fuels C. hot air balloon
36
43. The space occupied by a gas is called _________.
45. What type of gas best explains why hot coffee does not create moist?
46. Identify what type of gas best explains the formation of clouds.
Oriental to have a beach party. On their way, all of them were surprised when
the tire suddenly exploded. What was the probable explanation why the tire
exploded?
C. The mass of gas inside the tire increased causing the blown up tire.
A. B. C. D.
49. What type of gas best describes the steam escaping from a boiling pot?
50. What is the unit for gas molecules?
A. kelvin B. litter C. mole D. mL
Answer Key (Lesson

371)
Assessment
What
What I I have learned What’s In What I
1-15 Know
(Refer to the attached
rubrics)
What
Answer Key (Lesson 2)
Additional Activity
Assessment
38
What I can do What’s New What I Know

(Activity 1)
1-10 (Refer to the C
1-4 (Refer to the
attached rubrics)
attached rubrics)
What I can do
What’s More
Answer Key (Lesson 3)
Additional Activity
Assessment
A
What I can do What’s New What I Know
39
(Activity 1)
Problem 1 A A
Refer to the attached
0.97 atm rubrics A D
Problem 2 Situation1 C D
1.551 torr 1-4
Situation1 B D
206.786 N/m2
1-3 D B
Situation1
B
1-3
Situation1 C
1-5 C
C
A
Answer Key (Summative Assessment)
C A A C B
B A A B C
B D D D A
B A A A C
A B C C B
C C C A C
A B B C A
C A D C A
A A D B D
A D C D C
40
References
Andaya, Mylene O., Aquino, MArites D., Biong, Jonna A., Valdoz, Meliza P. Science
links: Worktext for scientific and technology literacy. Rex Book Store, Inc. 856
Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila. Philippines. 2015.
Baguio, Saranay M., Butaran, Rose Mary B. Breaking through chemistry. C & E
Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City. 2007.
Chang, Rey. General chemistry: the essential concepts. Fourth Edition. McGraw-Hill
Education (Asia). 2006.
Dingrando, Laurel, Gregg, Kathleen V., Hainen, Nicholas, Wistrom, Cheryl.
Chemistry: Matter and change. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2002.
Paano, Anamy Maria C., Sta. Ana, Susan T. Exploring the realms of Science:
Chemistry. JO-ES Publishing House, Inc. 2011.
Appendix
DESCRIPTION
CRITERIA 100% of the 90% of the 80% of the 70% of the SCORE
highest score highest score highest score highest score
Content The content Information is The content Content lacks
includes a presented as a does not a central
clear connected present clearly theme,
statement of theme. stated the
purpose or theme.
theme.
Clarity of All Most of the Some of the Only few of
information information information information the
presented are presented are presented are information is
complete and complete and complete and correct and
clear clear clear clear
Grammar All are Almost all are Some are Almost all are
grammatically grammatically grammatically grammatically
correct correct correct incorrect
Organization All Almost all the Most Few
statements statements are statements statements
are logically logically are logically are logically
41
presented presented and presented and presented
and coherent coherent coherent and coherent
Timeliness Summited on Summited on Summited on Summited on
time and time and time and time and
completed all completed all completed completed
the task with the task most of the most of the
quality task with task
quality
TOTAL SCORE
42
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
DepEd Division of Bukidnon

Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City
Telefax: (088) 813-3634
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Quarter 4 – Module 3: Behavior of Gases in Terms of Kinetic Molecular Theory

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

Development Team of the Module

Author/s : Silverio B. Balanay Jr.

Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

We value your feedback and recommendations.

LESSON 1 – The Nature of Gases 1

LESSON 2 – Kinetic Molecular Theory 12

LESSON 3 – Physical Properties of Gas 21

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT (POST-TEST) 34

WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT

- From the Science 10 Module Development Team

• Answer all the given tests diligently.

Icons Used in This Module

This gives you an idea on what skills or

This contains all of the answers to all activities

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This shows the list of all sources used in

Guidelines and Reminders

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. describe the nature of gases;

1. Which of the following terms means chaos?

1. Lightest gas - ___________________________

Guide Questions (5 points each):

Do you love to bake? Baking actually involves gaseous interactions.

Figure 1.2. Particles of a gas

The particles move

Little mutual Particles

Ub Ubb Ubt Ubq Ubp Ub Ubs

Figure 1.5 Periodic Table of Elements

What I Have Learned

Let’s Find Out: The gas molecules and their category

Monoatomic Gas Diatomic Gas Compound Gas

Figure1.6 Balloon Figure1.7 Plant Figure1.8 Dog

1. __________________ 2. ___________________ 3.____________________

Air Oxygen Water Vapor Nitrogen

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. explain the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory as applied to gases;

Multiple Choice: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.

Flemish physician Jan Baptista Helmont (1577-1644)

Let’s Find Out: How gas behaves

Guide Questions (5 points total):

2. What happened after the ice was introduced? (2 points)

3. What happened outside the wall of Glass A? (1 point)

4. What happened outside the wall of Glass B? (1 point)

The properties of gases can be explained in the model called Kinetic

1. Gases are composed of very small particles called atoms or molecules.

Guide questions (1 point each):

What I Have Learned

1. Which of the following is highly compressible at high pressure and

3. Two factors which determine the kinetic energy of gas particles.

Lesson Physical Properties of

What I Need to Know

Our final lesson will dwell on the physical properties of gas.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

What are the

1 mole 2 moles 3 moles 4 moles

Let’s recall the nature of gases.

The particles move Particles occupy a

1. ________ 2. _ 3.____________