Problem-Based

Learning
 Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy based on
the constructivist learning theory through collaboration and self-
directed learning.

With PBL, students create knowledge and comprehension of a subject

through the experience of solving an open-ended problem without a
defined solution. Rather than focusing on learning problem-solving, PBL
allows for the development of self-directed knowledge acquisition, along
with enhanced teamwork and communication skills. Although originally
developed for medical education, its use has expanded to other
disciplines.
What is the goal of problem-based learning?

The goal of problem-based learning is to offer authentic, directly relevant

learning experiences to support active and meaningful inquiry and
knowledge-based approaches to problem solving.
 The four characteristics of problem-based learning are:

Authentic Personalized Non-linear Guide and scaffold

use real-world, Personalise Learners work in Steer learners in the

relevant problems learning, connecting multiple directions right direction using
that are meaningful with learner and explore diverse prompting questions
to learners. individual styles and avenues, theories, and provide
creativity. ideas and solutions. resources.
 BEFORE
1. TRADITIONAL LEARNING APPROACH
2. INDIVIDUAL WORK
3. MEMORIZATION
4. LIMITED CRITICAL THINKING
AFTER
1. REAL-WORLD APPILICATION
2. COLLABORATIVE WORK
3. CRITICAL THINKING
DEVELOPMENT
4. SELF- DIRECT LEARNING
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Problem-Based Learning
Advantages
1.Promotes critical thinking and analytical skills

2.Promotes self confidence and motivation

3. Promotes Collaborative Skills

4.Promotion of Deep learning

5.Makes students develop positive attitude towards learning

Advantages and Disadvantages of
Problem-Based Learning
Disadvantages
1. Requires Careful Planning

2. Time and Effort for Implementation

3. Students unpreparedness

4. Teachers Unpreparedness

5. Very difficult and expensive

SIMULATIONS EXERCISE

Research: Students conduct research to understand the root causes

and impacts of environmental degradation in the community, including
factors contributing to pollution and its effects on health, livelihoods,
and ecosystems.
Role Assignment: Each student is assigned a role and prepares
arguments, proposals, or actions based on the perspective of their
assigned stakeholder group.
 SIMULATIONS EXERCISE

Collaboration: Students collaborate within their respective roles to develop

strategies and solutions to address the environmental challenges. They must
consider the interests, concerns, and limitations of other stakeholders while
advocating for their positions.
Presentation: Each group presents their proposed solutions to the class, explaining
the rationale behind their recommendations and how they address the identified
environmental issues.
Discussion and Reflection: After the presentations, students engage in a class
discussion to evaluate the proposed solutions, consider alternative perspectives, and
reflect on the complexities of addressing environmental problems in the real world.
Project-Based
Learning
Project-based learning is a student-centered approach that
positions the student as the agent of their learning. It
encourages them to take ownership of their educational
journey, making their learning more meaningful, relevant,
and enduring. By solving real-world problems, students
become active participants in their learning process,
fostering their ability to apply what they have learned in
authentic contexts.
 Here are just some of the ways that PBL transforms students'
educational experiences:

– Engaged hearts and minds – Deeper learning – A sense of purpose

Students actively engage
Students actively engage PBL leads to deeper
with PBL projects that
with PBL projects that understanding and greater
provide real-world
provide real-world retention of content
relevance for learning.
relevance for learning. knowledge. Students are
Students can solve
Students can solve better able to apply what
problems that are
problems that are they know to new
important to them and their
important to them and their situations.
communities.
communities.
 Here are just some of the ways that PBL transforms students'
educational experiences:

– Engaged hearts and minds – Deeper learning – A sense of purpose

Students actively engage
Students actively engage PBL leads to deeper
with PBL projects that
with PBL projects that understanding and greater
provide real-world
provide real-world retention of content
relevance for learning.
relevance for learning. knowledge. Students are
Students can solve
Students can solve better able to apply what
problems that are
problems that are they know to new
important to them and their
important to them and their situations.
communities.
communities.
Here are just some of the ways that PBL transforms students'
educational experiences:

– Successful Skills – Creativity and Technology

Students gain skills

Students enjoy using a
valuable in today’s
spectrum of technology tools
workplace and in life, such
from research and
as how to take initiative,
collaboration through product
work responsibly, solve
creation and presentation.
problems, collaboration in
teams, and communicate
ideas.
 Importance of Project-Based
Learning
-Project-based learning is an evidence-based instrument in
modern pedagogical practices because it cultivates an
environment where learning is not merely a theoretical construct
but a practical, tangible experience. It aims to foster critical
thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, creativity, and
communication while making learning more relevant, engaging,
and memorable.

Why Project-Based Learning?

Because Project Based Learning engages students in learning that is
deep and long-lasting, and inspires for them a love of learning and
personal connection to their academic experience.
 Advantages of Project-Based
Learning

Deeper Engagement Communication

This is one of the most beautiful
by products of this approach.
Students learn more because
they want to learn more. They
become the driving force for
their own learning as they
discover their voice matters
and their learning has relevance
and purpose.
Development
A presentation to the class or group at the
end of a project-based learning exercise is
just one of the ways that students are
offered the opportunity to practice and
grow in their writing, public speaking, and
effective communication. They also
continually hone these skills at the micro
and interpersonal levels throughout their
projects.
Fosters Creativity
-The difference in creative ideation
and design is remarkable with project-
based learning. In this approach,
student agency is huge. We provide
support and scaffolding, but students
take charge of the project. The choices
of what to use and how to present
materials are left to the students.
 Advantages of Project-Based
Learning
Perseverance
Project-based learning is an
opportunity for students to
critique and revise their
approach when they encounter
obstacles. As they continue to
actively explore a real-world
problem, they acquire a deeper
knowledge that requires further
inquiry they have to keep going.
It’s Fun!
-No one said a curriculum or learning
needs to be boring, but that’s what
many traditional models can be for
students. Project-based learning
creates a personal connection between
the students and the material that
makes the learning process
purposeful, relevant, and significantly
more meaningful!
 Disadvantages of Project-Based
Learning

Problematic Group Less Adaptability to Apathy (lack of emotion,

Dynamics
- Few students do the maximum
amount of work, and the rest have
no contribution.
- Few students tend to take
complete charge and like to do
everything on their own, whereas
sometimes, there may be students
who simply refuse to work on a
particular thing.
active Learning interest, and concern)
-Passive participant in class and are not
-This is a commonly faced issue, where
involved much in engaging activities. This
due to lack of interest, students
impacts learning as it tends to remain
backstage. It becomes challenging to help engage less in project work.
students design their own choices in the
project.
 Disadvantages of Project-Based
Learning

Low Productivity Student

- This can be highly beneficial
for your intellectual growth,
but with often cones
productivity issues. Some
students do not know what to
do with this freedom,
especially if not guided
properly.
unpreparedness
-This act can be barrier in the success
of PBL. Some students may struggle
to grasp the concepts and identify the
problem of their own, which can
make them feel disengaged.